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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2009</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Rwanda</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 equals 558.40 francs.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 and 2003.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Salaried workers, including permanent, temporary, and occasional workers; professional and in-service trainees; apprentices; civil servants; political appointees; and government officials.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons and for persons who were previously insured for at least 6 consecutive months and had mandatory coverage in the last 12 months.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3% of covered earnings; voluntary contributors pay 6% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p>The monthly earnings for contribution calculation purposes are subject to a maximum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Voluntary contributions of 6% of declared income.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly income for contribution calculation purposes is 104,000 francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p>The monthly earnings for contribution calculation purposes are subject to a maximum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> From age 55 to age 65 (younger if prematurely aged) with at least 15 years of coverage. Employment must cease.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad only under reciprocal agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 55 (younger if prematurely aged) and ineligible for the old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The insured must be assessed with a loss of at least 50% of earning capacity and have 5 years of coverage, including 6 months of contributions in the 12 months before the disability began. There is no minimum qualifying period for a nonoccupational accident.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>The disability is assessed periodically by a doctor approved or appointed by the Social Fund.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> Paid to eligible survivors if the deceased was a pensioner, met the qualifying conditions for an old-age pension or a disability pension, or had 180 months of coverage at the time of death.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> Paid to eligible survivors if the deceased did not meet the qualifying conditions for a pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled), and parents (including adoptive parents) in the absence of a surviving spouse and orphans.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to 30% of the insured's average earnings in the last 3 or 5 years (whichever amount is greater) plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180 months.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is equal to 50% of the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum is paid equal to the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 3 or 5 years (whichever amount is greater) multiplied by the number of years of coverage.</p>
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<p>If the insured is entitled to two or more pensions (including work injury benefits), the highest pension is paid plus half the amount of the other benefits.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree. (The last adjustment was made in April 2002.)</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The pension is equal to 30% of the insured's average earnings in the last 3 or 5 years (whichever amount is greater) plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180 months. For each year that a claim is made before age 55, the insured is credited with a <span class="nobr">6-month</span> coverage period.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is equal to 50% of the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 40% of the insured's pension is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree. (The last adjustment was made in April 2002.)</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the deceased's pension is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the deceased's pension is paid for each eligible orphan; 40% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p>The combined receipt of two or more pensions is allowed for full orphans.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension (in the absence of other eligible survivors):</span> Each eligible parent receives 25% of the deceased's pension.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum equal to 1 month of pension for each <span class="nobr">6-month</span> period of coverage is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's settlement:</span> A lump sum equal to 50% of the survivor settlement is paid to each eligible orphan. The total settlement paid to orphans must not exceed twice the survivor settlement.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree. (The last adjustment was made in April 2002.)</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (<a href="https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/">http://www.minecofin.gov.rw</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Managed by a tripartite council and a director general, the Social Security Fund (http://www.csr.gov.rw) administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The labor code requires employers to pay 100% of wages for sickness benefits for up to 30 days.</p>
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<p>The labor code requires employers to pay 66.7% of wages for maternity benefits for up to 12 weeks.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949 (private sector).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 and 2003.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage is not possible.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit is equal to 75% of the insured's average daily earnings in the 3 months before the disability began. The benefit is paid until full recovery or certification of permanent disability, for up to 180 days.</p>
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<p>The disability is assessed periodically by a doctor approved or appointed by the Social Fund.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> If the insured is assessed with a total disability, the pension is equal to 85% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 months before the disability began.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the insured's pension is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is at least 15%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability; if the assessed degree of disability is less than 15%, a lump sum is paid equal to 3 years of pension, according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>The disability is assessed periodically by a doctor approved or appointed by the Social Fund.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, laboratory services, medicines, hospitalization, dental care, eyeglasses, appliances, rehabilitation, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> receives 30% of the deceased's average daily earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> Each orphan younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled) receives 15% of the deceased's average daily earnings; 20% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> Each other eligible survivor receives 10% of the insured's average daily earnings.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's permanent disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid equal to 100 times the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (<a href="https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/">http://www.minecofin.gov.rw</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Managed by a tripartite council and a director general, the Social Security Fund (http://www.csr.gov.rw) administers the program.</p>
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