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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2004</h1>
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<h1>Serbia</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 54.64&nbsp;dinars.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922, implemented in 1937.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2003.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; public-sector employees; and members of handicraft and fishery cooperatives.</p>
<p>Special systems for various categories of self-employed workers including craftsmen, artists, and farmers.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 16% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 16% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Guarantees cash benefits.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution purposes range from 37% of the national average wage for employees with the lowest level of education to 155% of the national average wage for employees with the highest level of education.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution purposes are five times the national average wage.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Men, age&nbsp;63 with 20&nbsp;years of insurance; age&nbsp;65 with 15&nbsp;years of insurance; or age&nbsp;53 with 40&nbsp;years of insurance. Women, age&nbsp;58 with 20&nbsp;years of insurance; age&nbsp;60 with 15&nbsp;years of insurance; or age&nbsp;53 with 35&nbsp;years of insurance.</p>
<p>Retirement from insured employment is necessary.</p>
<p>The pension is payable abroad if there is a reciprocal agreement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Incapacity for all work (total disability). The insured must not be of retirement age and have at least 5&nbsp;years of insurance.</p>
<p>If younger than age&nbsp;30, the insured must have at least 1&nbsp;year of service if the onset of disability was before age&nbsp;20; at least 2&nbsp;years of service if the onset of disability was before age&nbsp;25; at least 3&nbsp;years of service if the onset of disability was before age&nbsp;30.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased was a pensioner or had 5&nbsp;years of insurance coverage or was eligible for a disability pension.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The value of personal points (a personal coefficient multiplied by the number of years of service) multiplied by the value of the general point.</p>
<p>The personal coefficient is equal to the sum of annual personal coefficients divided by the period for which they are calculated. The annual personal coefficient is the ratio between an individual wage and the average wage in the Republic for the same calendar year.</p>
<p>The value of the general point is 242.07&nbsp;dinars (2003).</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 85% of average earnings.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every quarter. The adjustment is based equally on the increase in the cost of living and on the increase in average net wages.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The value of personal points (a personal coefficient multiplied by the number of years of service) multiplied by the value of the general point.</p>
<p>The personal coefficient is equal to the sum of annual personal coefficients divided by the period for which they are calculated. The annual personal coefficient is the ratio between an individual wage and the average wage in the Republic for the same calendar year.</p>
<p>The value of the general point is 242.07&nbsp;dinars (2003).</p>
<p>Projected years of service are calculated as 2/3 of the period between the onset of disability and age&nbsp;53 and 1/2 of the period between age&nbsp;53 and age&nbsp;58 (women) or age&nbsp;63 (men).</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: An allowance is provided where necessary.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every quarter. The adjustment is based equally on the increase in the cost of living and on the increase in average net wages.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 70% of the pension paid or accrued to the insured for one survivor; 80% for two survivors; 90% for three survivors; or 100% for four or more survivors.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a widow aged&nbsp;45 or older (a widower aged&nbsp;53 or older), or disabled, or caring for a child under age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;26 if a student, no limit if disabled); a dependent mother aged&nbsp;58 or older, or disabled; a dependent father aged&nbsp;63 or older, or disabled; and dependent grandchildren, brothers, or sisters.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> 1.5&nbsp;times the average pension in the quarter before the insured's death.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every quarter. The adjustment is based equally on the increase in the cost of living and on the increase in average net wages.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Social Security Institute provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Pension and disability funds administer the programs at the local level.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1992 and 1999 (health insurance for foreigners).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<p>Note: This information is from 1999.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; public-sector employees; members of handicraft and fishery cooperatives; students; artists; self-employed workers; and farmers. Foreign citizens including persons without citizenship, those with refugee status, or those granted asylum. Pensioners are covered for medical benefits.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> Contribution rates vary according to profession, up to a maximum of 9.7% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Contribution rates vary, up to a maximum of 9.7% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<p>Regional pension and disability associations and employment associations pay contributions for beneficiaries' health coverage.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness and maternity benefits:</span> Coverage for 12&nbsp;continuous months or for 18&nbsp;months during the last 2&nbsp;years.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> The employer pays for the first 60&nbsp;days. The benefit is payable from the first day of incapacity until recovery or until the award of a disability pension.</p>
<p>The minimum benefit is 50% of average earnings.</p>
<p>The maximum benefit is 75% of average earnings for the first 60&nbsp;days and 95% from the 61st day if the qualifying period is met; 90% if it is not.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of earnings if the qualifying period is met; 80% if it is not.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity grant:</span> The grant is determined by the health insurance association.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical services are provided directly to patients through the facilities of the government health service on the basis of contracts with local health insurance associations.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Same as for the insured person. The wife or another female dependent of the insured receives the same maternity benefits as an insured woman.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Health insurance funds administer the program at the local level.</p>
<p>National Committee provides general coordination of regional funds and associations.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1983, 1992, 1999 (health insurance for foreign citizens), and 2003.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; public-sector employees; members of handicraft and fishery cooperatives; students; artists; self-employed workers; and farmers. Foreign citizens including persons without citizenship, those with refugee status, or those granted asylum.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>100% of earnings. The benefit is payable from the first day of incapacity until recovery or the award of a permanent disability pension.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> The value of personal points (a personal coefficient multiplied by 40) multiplied by the value of the general point.</p>
<p>The personal coefficient is equal to the sum of annual personal coefficients divided by 40. The annual personal coefficient is the ratio between an individual wage and the average wage in the Republic for the same calendar year.</p>
<p>The value of the general point is 242.07&nbsp;dinars (2003).</p>
<p>For a disability caused by a work injury or an occupational disease, the calculation of personal points is always based on 40&nbsp;years of projected service.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: An allowance is provided where necessary.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every quarter. The adjustment is based equally on the increase in the cost of living and on the increase in average net wages.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical services are provided directly to patients through the facilities of the government health service on the basis of contracts with local health insurance associations.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 70% of the pension paid or accrued to the insured for one survivor; 80% for two survivors; 90% for three survivors; or 100% for four or more survivors.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a widow aged&nbsp;45 or older (a widower aged&nbsp;53 or older), or disabled, or caring for a child under age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;26 if a student, no limit if disabled); a dependent mother aged&nbsp;58 or older, or disabled; a dependent father aged&nbsp;63 or older, or disabled; and dependent grandchildren, brothers, or sisters.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The cost of the funeral.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Social Security Institute provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Pension and disability funds administer the programs at the local level.</p>
<p>Union of Pension and Disability Associations coordinates and administers short-term cash benefits.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1927.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1992.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<p>Note: This information is from 1999.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> Contribution rates vary, up to a maximum of 0.9% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Contribution rates vary, up to a maximum of 0.9% of the employee's earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> Employed for the last 9&nbsp;months or 12 of the last 18&nbsp;months. Total household income from employment should not exceed a specified monthly amount.</p>
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit (income-tested):</span> 70% of average earnings in the last 3&nbsp;months is payable for up to 3&nbsp;months; may be extended up to 30&nbsp;months for workers with 30&nbsp;years of previous employment.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Unemployment funds coordinate and administer the program.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1990.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
<p>Note: This information is from 1999.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees; some categories of self-employed persons; artists; social insurance beneficiaries; and nonworking, low-income, single mothers with one or more children.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> Contribution rates vary.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Private-sector employers pay the total contribution on behalf of their employees.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> Child must be under age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;26 if a student, no limit if disabled). Taxable household income must be below the specified monthly amount, which is adjusted periodically for changes in the cost of living. Most laws also require 12&nbsp;months of coverage.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances (income-tested):</span> The allowance varies according to the number of children in the family.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Allowances are adjusted periodically for changes in the cost of living.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>National Committee provides general coordination of the regional funds and associations.</p>
<p>Self-governing regional associations administer programs.</p>
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