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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2004</h1>
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<h1>Czech Republic</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 25.71&nbsp;koruna&nbsp;(CZK).</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1906 (salaried employees) and 1924 (wage earners).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1995.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees, members of assimilated groups, including certain groups of students, farmers, artists, the unemployed, carers, military personnel, and the self-employed.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage is available to certain categories of persons, including persons employed abroad.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 6.5% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 28% of declared earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 21.5% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Any deficit.</p>
<p>The maximum assessment base for self-employed persons is 40% of declared earnings.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;61 and 6&nbsp;months (men) or age&nbsp;56 to 60 (women), according to the number of children raised.</p>
<p>Since January&nbsp;1,&nbsp;1996, the retirement age has been gradually increasing by 2&nbsp;months per year for men and by 4&nbsp;months per year for women. The target retirement age of 63 will be reached after December&nbsp;31,&nbsp;2012, for men and for women without children. For women with children the retirement age will be age&nbsp;59 to 62 according to the number of children raised. Retirement will be based on 25&nbsp;years of insurance; 15&nbsp;years if aged&nbsp;65.</p>
<p>Early pension: Retirement is possible up to 3&nbsp;years before the normal retirement age. All employment must cease.</p>
<p>Deferred pension: The pension is increased for every 90&nbsp;days of economic activity during which the claim for an old-age pension is postponed.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Total disability (66% loss of earning capacity) or partial disability (33% loss of earning capacity) with at least 5&nbsp;years of insurance in the last 10&nbsp;years (up to 4&nbsp;years if under age&nbsp;28).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased qualified for a pension or was a pensioner at the time of death.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> A flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus an earnings-related percentage amount based on the personal assessment base&nbsp;(PAB) and the number of years of insurance.</p>
<p>PAB: Currently based on average gross earnings over the last 18&nbsp;years preceding retirement. Originally based on 10&nbsp;years preceding retirement, this period is being extended by 1&nbsp;year every year until it reaches a total of 30&nbsp;calendar years. The value of the old-age pension is calculated using 1.5% of the personal assessment base per year of insurance (no maximum). The calculation of the personal assessment base includes a percentage of monthly earnings:</p>
<ul>
<li>100% of earnings up to 7,500&nbsp;CZK,</li>
<li>30% of earnings from 7,500&nbsp;CZK to 19,200&nbsp;CZK, and</li>
<li>10% of earnings over 19,200&nbsp;CZK.</li>
</ul>
<p>The minimum pension is 2,080&nbsp;CZK, equal to the flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus 770&nbsp;CZK.</p>
<p>Temporarily reduced early pension: Available up to 2&nbsp;years prior to the normal retirement age provided that the insured person has a minimum of 25&nbsp;years of insurance and has received a partial or a full disability pension for at least 5&nbsp;years and entitlement to a disability pension has expired within 5&nbsp;years of reaching the normal retirement age. The pension is reduced by 1.3% of the personal assessment base for every (even incomplete) period of 90&nbsp;days prior to the normal retirement age, but the pension is fully restored upon reaching the normal retirement age.</p>
<p>Permanently reduced early pension: Available up to 3&nbsp;years prior to the normal retirement age; the actual date of retirement is left to the insured's discretion. The insured must have at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions. The pension is reduced by 0.9% for every (even incomplete) <span class="nobr">90-day</span> period preceding the normal retirement age. This reduction is permanent and continues after the recipient reaches the normal retirement age.</p>
<p>Deferred pension: For every 90&nbsp;days of economic activity during which the claim for an old-age pension is postponed, an increase of 1.5% of the personal assessment base is provided.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The full disability pension is calculated as a flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus an earnings-related amount calculated using 1.5% of the personal assessment base per year of insurance. The projected insurance period is credited from the onset of disability up to the normal retirement age.</p>
<p>The minimum disability pension is 2,080&nbsp;CZK, equal to the flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus 770&nbsp;CZK.</p>
<p>There is no maximum disability pension.</p>
<p>Partial disability: A flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus 0.75% of the personal assessment base for every year of insurance.</p>
<p>The minimum partial disability pension is 1,695&nbsp;CZK, equal to the flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus 385&nbsp;CZK.</p>
<p>There is no maximum partial disability pension.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4"><span class="nobr">Widow(er)</span> pension:</span> A flat-rate basic amount (1,310&nbsp;CZK) plus 50% of the earnings-related amount of the deceased's pension. The pension is payable to all <span class="nobr">widow(er)s</span> for 1&nbsp;year; thereafter, only to widows aged&nbsp;55 or widowers aged&nbsp;58; any age if disabled or caring for a dependent or disabled child or for a disabled parent.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> A basic amount of 1,310&nbsp;CZK plus 40% of the earnings-related amount of the deceased's pension for each dependent child (for full orphans, the basic amount is payable only once).</p>
<p>The value of the pension is increased in cases of disability. In the case of partial incapacity (up to 33% loss in earning capacity), the value is increased by 20% of the subsistence minimum; in the case of a major but not total incapacity (between 34% and 65% loss in earning capacity), by 40%; or in the case of total incapacity (66% or more loss in earning capacity), by 75%.</p>
<p>In the case of a claim for another pension (old-age or disability pension), the amount paid is the highest pension plus half of the earnings-related amount of the other pension.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision and is responsible for policy development for all areas of social security except health insurance.</p>
<p>Social Security Administration collects and administers contributions and delivers benefits through its Central Administration and 76 District Administrations.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1888.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1956 (cash sickness benefits), 1968 (maternity benefits), and 1997 (public health insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Employees, members of industrial production cooperatives, and advanced students. For self-employed persons, sickness insurance is voluntary.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> All permanent residents in the Czech Republic or employees whose employer resides in the Czech Republic.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1.1% of earnings (cash sickness and maternity benefits) and 4.5% of earnings (medical benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 4.4 % of declared earnings for cash sickness and maternity benefits and 13.5% of declared earnings for medical benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3.3% of payroll (cash sickness and maternity benefits) and 9% of payroll (medical benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Any deficit for cash sickness and maternity benefits and medical benefits; total cost for special categories of covered people.</p>
<p>The maximum assessment base for self-employed persons is 40% of declared earnings.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Compulsory for all employees; voluntary for the self-employed. Only those with gross earnings over 400&nbsp;CZK a month or working more than 7&nbsp;days a month are insured. A doctor's certificate is required from the first day of illness. Neither a minimum period of employment nor any minimum period of residence is required. There is no waiting period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> 270&nbsp;days of insurance in the 2&nbsp;years preceding childbirth, loss of earnings, childbirth or taking substitute care of a child (substitute carers may include men), and medical confirmation of pregnancy.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash medical benefits:</span> Currently insured. There is no minimum coverage period. Eligibility continues for 6&nbsp;weeks after coverage ceases.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> For the first 3&nbsp;days, 50% of the daily assessment base; from the 4th&nbsp;day, 69%. The benefit is payable from the first day of incapacity for up to 1&nbsp;year; up to 2&nbsp;years if recovery is likely.</p>
<p>Daily assessment base: The calculation of the daily assessment base includes a percentage of gross earnings:</p>
<ul>
<li>90% for the first 14&nbsp;days of illness and 100% from the 15th&nbsp;day for gross earnings up to 480&nbsp;CZK.</li>
<li>60% for gross earnings from 480&nbsp;CZK up to 690&nbsp;CZK.</li>
<li>Gross earnings over 690&nbsp;CZK are exempt.</li>
</ul>
<p>The maximum daily assessment base for calculating sickness benefit is 558&nbsp;CZK for the first 14&nbsp;days of illness and 606&nbsp;CZK for the rest of the period of illness.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 69% of the daily assessment base (as calculated for cash sickness benefit from the 15th&nbsp;day) is payable for 28&nbsp;weeks (37&nbsp;weeks for a single mother and for multiple births) including at least 6&nbsp;weeks before the expected date of childbirth.</p>
<p>The maximum maternity benefit is 419&nbsp;CZK a day.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Health care is provided free of charge under the scope and conditions stipulated by law. Benefits includes medical treatment in outpatient and inpatient care facilities; emergency and rescue services; preventive care; the provision of drugs, medical aid, and appliances; stomatologic treatment (diseases of the mouth); spa treatment; the care of children in special medical institutions and convalescent homes; preventive care provided in enterprise and factory surgeries; transportation of the sick; refunding of travel costs; medical assessment; and the examination of deceased insured persons and autopsy including the transportation of the dead. There is no limit to duration.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Health care is provided free of charge under the scope and conditions stipulated by law. The Czech health insurance system is based on individual insurance for each person.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Social Security Administration collects and administers contributions and delivers cash sickness benefits through its Central Administration and 76 District Administrations.</p>
<p>Organizations with more than 25&nbsp;employees pay sickness benefits.</p>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision for sickness insurance. Subsidiary offices, on a regional and district level, administer cash benefits.</p>
<p>Ministry of Health provides general supervision for medical services.</p>
<p>Medical services are provided in state and private outpatient and inpatient care facilities on the basis of contracts set up with individual insurance companies.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1887.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1956 (short-term benefits), 1990 (self-employed), and 1995 (pensions).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees and eligible survivors.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The purchase of insurance premiums.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Any deficit between the insurance cover provided by the employer and the awarded compensation paid to the insured.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>Lump-sum benefits are provided.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>Compensation for loss of earnings is payable up to age&nbsp;65.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical expenses are paid.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor maintenance grant:</span> A lump sum of 50,000&nbsp;CZK for a spouse; a lump sum of 80,000&nbsp;CZK for an orphan.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Alimony for a survivor:</span> Reimbursement of costs.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical expenses:</span> Reimbursement of treatment-related costs.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The reasonable cost of a funeral.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision for the provision of temporary and permanent disability benefits and survivor pensions.</p>
<p>Social Security Administration collects and administers contributions and delivers benefits through its Central Administration and 76 District Administrations.</p>
<p>Administrative roles are also played by two insurance companies and by large-scale employers.</p>
<p>Ministry of Health provides general supervision for the provision of medical benefits.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1991.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1992 and 1997, with 2002 amendment.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Czech Republic citizens (and foreign citizens permanently resident in the Czech Republic) who are at least 15&nbsp;years old and capable of working.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 0.4% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3.2% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Any deficit.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> Registered as looking for work and employed for at least 12&nbsp;months in the past 3&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>Employment periods include vocational training, job training undertaken by a disabled person, basic military service or alternative civil service, providing care for a child up to age&nbsp;3 (or up to age&nbsp;18 if seriously disabled), time spent caring for a relative, any period during which a job seeker was paid a full disability pension, and periods accredited by the Ministry of the Interior for long-term voluntary service.</p>
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
<p>50% of earnings during the first 3&nbsp;months; 40% for next 3&nbsp;months; 60% in case of retraining.</p>
<p>The maximum benefit is 10,250&nbsp;CZK a month; 11,480&nbsp;CZK in the case of retraining.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Labor offices administer benefits.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1945.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1995.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Families with children.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> Dependent children (up to age&nbsp;26 if a student).</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> Income-tested allowances. If family income is below 1.1&nbsp;times the living minimum, the benefit is equal to 32% of the child living minimum for each child; if family income is from 1.1&nbsp;times to 1.8&nbsp;times the living minimum, 28% of the child living minimum for each child; if family income is from 1.8&nbsp;times to 3&nbsp;times the living minimum, 14% of the child living minimum for each child; if family income is over 3&nbsp;times the living minimum, there is no entitlement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid at five times the child living minimum for one child; at six times for two children; 10&nbsp;times if there are three or more children.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Parents' allowance:</span> If caring at home for a child up to age&nbsp;4, the allowance is 1.1&nbsp;times the adult living minimum.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Labor offices administer benefits.</p>
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