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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2005</h1>
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<div id="breadcrumbs" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">You are here: <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Administration</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2005</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></span></div>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Rwanda</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 569.46 francs.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 and 2003.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Salaried workers including permanent, occasional, and temporary workers; professional and in-service trainees; apprentices; civil servants; political appointees; and government officials.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for persons who were previously insured at least 6 consecutive months and had mandatory coverage in the last 12 months and for the self-employed.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3% of gross earnings; 6% of gross earnings for voluntary coverage.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings for contribution and benefit purposes are equal to the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are subject to a ceiling.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 6% of income.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly income for contribution purposes is 104,000 francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are equal to the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are subject to a ceiling.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> From age 55 to age 65 (younger than age 55 if prematurely aged), with 15 years of insurance coverage. Employment must cease.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad only if there is a reciprocal agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 55 (younger than age 55 if prematurely aged) and ineligible for the old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> A loss of 50% of earning capacity with 5 years of insurance coverage, including 6 months of contributions in the 12 months before the onset of disability. There is no minimum qualifying period for a nonoccupational accident.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> Payable to eligible survivors if the deceased was a pensioner, met the qualifying conditions for an old-age pension or a disability pension, or had 180 months of insurance coverage at the time of death.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> Payable to eligible survivors if the deceased did not meet the qualifying conditions for a pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled), and parents (including adopting parents) in the absence of a surviving spouse and orphans.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to 30% of average earnings during the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), plus 2% for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of insurance coverage beyond 180 months.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 50% of the legal minimum wage. The legal monthly minimum wage is 10,400 francs (2002).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum equal to average monthly earnings during the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher) times the number of years of insurance.</p>
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<p>If the insured is entitled to two or more pensions (including work injury benefits), the highest pension is paid plus half the amount of the other benefits.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree. (The last adjustment was made in April 2002.)</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The pension is equal to 30% of average earnings during the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), plus 2% for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of insurance coverage beyond 180 months. For each year that a claim is made before age 55, the insured is credited with a <span class="nobr">6-month</span> coverage period.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 50% of the legal minimum wage. The legal monthly minimum wage is 10,400 francs (2002).</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Equal to 40% of the insured's pension.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree. (The last adjustment was made in April 2002.)</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the deceased's pension is payable to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the deceased's pension is payable for each eligible orphan; 40% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Parent's pension (in the absence of other eligible survivors):</span> 25% of the deceased's pension each.</p>
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<p>The total survivor pension must not exceed 100% of the deceased's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum equal to 1 month's pension for each <span class="nobr">6-month</span> period of insurance coverage is payable to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's settlement:</span> A lump sum equal to 50% of the survivor settlement is payable to each eligible orphan. The total settlement paid to orphans must not exceed twice the survivor settlement.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree. (The last adjustment was made in April 2002.)</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Service and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Managed by a tripartite council and director, the Social Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The labor code requires employers to pay 100% of wages for sickness benefits for up to 30 days.</p>
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<p>The labor code requires employers to pay 100% of wages for maternity benefits for up to 2 months.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949 (private sector).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 and 2003.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons. (Voluntary coverage is not possible.)</p>
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<p>Exclusions: The self-employed.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit is equal to 75% of the insured's average daily earnings in the 3 months before the onset of disability. The benefit is payable until full recovery or certification of permanent disability, up to a maximum of 180 days.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> If totally disabled, the pension is equal to 85% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 months before the onset of disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Equal to 40% of the insured's pension.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is 15% or more, the benefit equals a percentage of the full pension according to the assessed degree of disability; if the assessed degree of disability is less than 15%, a lump sum equal to 3 year's pension is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, laboratory services, medicines, hospitalization, dental care, eyeglasses, appliances, rehabilitation, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's average daily earnings is payable to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the deceased's average daily earnings is payable for each orphan younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled); 20% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> 10% of the insured's average daily earnings for each other eligible survivor.</p>
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<p>The total survivor pension must not exceed 100% of the deceased's permanent disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 100 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Service and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Managed by a tripartite council and director, the Social Fund administers contributions and benefits.</p>
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