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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2002</h1>
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<h1>Switzerland</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 1.65 francs.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1946 (old-age and survivor pensions); 1959 (disability pensions); 1982 (occupational pensions).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system and mandatory occupational pension system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Base pension:</span> All persons domiciled in Switzerland or those who are gainfully employed there. Swiss citizens and citizens of EU countries who live in a country may join voluntarily if they have been insured for at least 5 years without interruption.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Employees whose earnings exceed 24,720 francs annually (maximum old-age base pension for single person). Persons who are unemployed as of July 1997 are insured for disability and survivors benefits. The self-employed may insure on a voluntary basis.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<h4>Insured person</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Base pension:</span> 4.2% of earnings for old-age and survivors, 0.7% for disability insurance. No maximum earnings for contribution purposes for base pension. Self-employed, 7.8% of income for old-age and survivors and 1.4% for disability (according to a decreasing scale of contributions).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Contributions vary from 7% to 18% (depending on age and gender) on income between 24,720 francs and 74,160 francs.</p>
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<h4>Employer</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Base pension:</span> 4.2% of payroll for old-age and survivors, 0.7% for disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Contribution is at least equal to employee's contribution.</p>
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<h4>Government</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Base pension:</span> Annual subsidies to social insurance system cover about 20% of cost for old-age (16.36% from federal government, 3.64% from cantons) and 50% of cost for disability (75% from federal government, 25% from cantons).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<h4>Old-age pension</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Base pension:</span> Age 65 (men) or 63 (women). The age requirement for women will be 64 in 2005. A full pension requires that contributions be made in all years from age 21. A partial pension is payable for shorter insurance periods; however, at least 1 year's contribution is required in order to make a claim for any pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Payable at age 65 (men) or age 63 (women).</p>
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<h4>Disability pension </h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Base pension:</span> Full pension if at least 66.6% disabled. Half pension, if at least 50% disabled. Quarter pension if at least 40% disabled (half pension if at least 40% disabled in special cases). To receive a full pension, the insured must make contributions in all years from age 21. Minimum is 1 year of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Full pension if at least 66.6% disabled. Half pension, if at least 50% disabled.</p>
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<h4>Survivor pension</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Base pension:</span> For full pension for widow/widower, the deceased must have contributed from age 21. At least 1 year of contributions is required to receive any pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Pension paid if widow/widower has children, or if 45 years of age or older and the marriage has lasted for at least 5 years. Orphan's pension paid to orphans younger than age 18 (25 if in education).</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Base pension:</span> If average annual income is less than or equal to 37,080 francs, flat amount of 9,146 francs a year plus a variable amount calculated by multiplying annual income by 13/600; if average annual income is above 37,080 francs, flat amount of 12,854 francs a year plus a variable amount calculated by multiplying average annual income by 8/600.</p>
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<p>Minimum and maximum old-age base pensions are 1,030 francs and 2,060 francs a month, respectively. Combined individual pensions of a couple cannot exceed 150% of maximum old-age base pension of 3,090 francs a month.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Percentage of full pension according to relationship between the insured's years of contributions and those of their age group.</p>
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<p>Dependent supplement: Each child under age 18 (25 if student), 40% of pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Special pension:</span> For Swiss nationals who do not meet the required minimum duration of contribution period.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Adjusted every 2 years for changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Annual payment of 7.2% of accumulated funds in personal account, with interest.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Adjusted for price increases at same time as base pension.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Base pension:</span> Same arrangement as for old-age pension. Full, half, or quarter pension, depending on degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Percentage of payable pension is determined according to the relationship between the insured's years of contributions and those of their age group.</p>
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<p>Dependent supplement: Wife, 30% of pension. Child under age 18 (25 if student), 40% of pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Special pension:</span> For Swiss nationals who do not meet the required minimum duration of contribution period.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Adjusted every 2 years for changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Annually, 7.2% of funds that would be accumulated at retirement age. Full pension if 2/3 disabled; half pension if 50% disabled.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Adjusted for price increases at same time as base pension.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Base pension:</span> 80% of pension of insured, payable to widow if caring for child, or if age 45 and married at least 5 years when widowed. Minimum and maximum benefits are 824 francs and 1,648 francs a month, respectively.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Widower's pension:</span> 80% of pension of insured if caring for a child under age 18. Same minimum and maximum benefits as for widow.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 40% of pension of insured for each orphan under age 18 (25 if student); 40% if both parents deceased, but not more than 60% of the maximum old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Special pension:</span> For Swiss nationals who do not meet the required minimum duration of contribution period.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Adjusted every 2 years for changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> For widows, 60% of full pension payable to insured. For orphans, 20% of full pension of insured for each orphan.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Adjusted for price increases at same time as base pension.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Base pension:</span> Under the general supervision of Federal Department of Interior. Federal Social Insurance Office supervises implementation.</p>
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<p>Collection of contributions, recording of contributions, and payment of pensions are carried out by decentralized network of cantonal, industrial, and federal compensation funds.</p>
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<p>Central compensation office maintains register of all insured persons and pensioners.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> Under general supervision of Federal Social Insurance Office and cantons.</p>
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<p>Administration by registered occupational pension institutes (in 1998 there were 10,409 institutes).</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1911.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1994 (implemented 1996).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Mixed compulsory (medical care) and voluntary social insurance (cash benefits) systems.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical care:</span> All persons living in Switzerland.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> All persons living in Switzerland and involved in gainful activity who are over age 15 but under age 65 can buy insurance that provides daily allowances.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<h4>Insured person</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical care:</span> Single premium for funds within the same region.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> Premiums vary depending on the fund, benefits for insured, age of entry, and the region.</p>
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<h4>Employer </h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> Not required by law, but some collective agreements require employer to share employees' membership fees.</p>
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<h4>Government</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical care:</span> Federal subsidies to cantons for reduction of premiums paid by low-income earners. Cantons must add additional assistance.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> 9 months (270 days) of membership without interruption of more than 3 months.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> Amount of daily allowance is set by agreement between insurer and insured. Allowance is payable after a waiting period of 3 days, unless agreed otherwise, for up to at least 720 days in a period of 900 consecutive days.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> Payable for up to 16 weeks, including at least 8 weeks after confinement.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Comprehensive list of service benefits is set by law. Funds can also provide additional benefits through complementary insurance. No time limit on duration.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical care cost-sharing:</span> Patient pays 100% of costs up to ceiling (standard ceiling is 230 francs) and 10% of costs above this ceiling up to a set annual total. In addition, there is a daily contribution of 10 francs for hospitalization costs (except for insured who live with at least one member of their family). No cost-sharing for maternity care.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Receive same benefits in own right. Insurance is individual.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Federal Office of Social Insurance supervises compliance.</p>
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<p>Recognized funds and private insurance companies are authorized to administer and provide health insurance (108 recognized funds in 2001).</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1911 (effective 1918).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1981.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Compulsory insurance with semipublic or private carrier.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All employees; optional coverage for the self-employed. If working time does not exceed 8 hours a week, insurance covers only work-related injuries (including travel to and from work).</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None for work injuries, but total cost of insurance against nonoccupational accidents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Total cost, at contribution rates varying with risk (0.04% to 17.2%, according to classification).</p>
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<p>Maximum earnings for contribution and benefit calculation purposes is 106,800 francs a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefit:</span> No minimum qualifying period. Benefits are payable for occupational accidents and disease and nonoccupational accidents.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefit is 80% of earnings if totally disabled. Reduced benefit if partially disabled. Payable after 3-day waiting period until recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 80% of insured earnings if totally disabled.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Two to six times the maximum insured daily earnings, according to severity of impairment.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: Percentage of full pension corresponding to degree of incapacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Lump-sum award:</span> For lasting injury according to schedule in law, payable in addition to pensions above.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions adjusted every 2 years for changes in cost-of-living index.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical, hospital, and pharmaceutical treatment; prostheses and other necessary care; and travel expenses. No time limit on duration.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 40% of insured earnings is payable to a spouse who has dependent children or is at least 2/3 disabled or to a widow over age 45.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Widow's settlement:</span> Lump sum of varying amount related to duration of marriage is payable to widow if ineligible for pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of insured earnings for each orphan under age 18 (25 if student) or 25% if full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> Surviving divorced spouse receives up to 20% of insured earnings.</p>
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<p>Maximum survivor pension is 70% of insured earnings. If benefits are payable to both current and divorced spouse, maximum is 90%.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Lump sum of up to 2,051 francs.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted every 2 years for changes in cost-of-living index.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Under general supervision of Federal Social Insurance Office.</p>
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<p>Managed by the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund in case of accidents; private insurance companies for employers subject to compulsory insurance; public accident insurance; and approved sickness insurance funds.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1982.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1.5% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1.5% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> If contribution rate attains 2% and reserve fund is not sufficient to cover current expenditures, federal and cantonal low-interest loans to cover deficits.</p>
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<p>Maximum earnings for contribution and benefit calculation purposes: 106,800 francs a year. In order to cover deficits accumulated before 1996, 1% additional contribution on earnings between 106,801 francs and 267,000 francs a year.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Eligibility is based on total or partial unemployment. To be eligible, person must live in Switzerland, have 6 months of employment in last 2 years (waived for certain categories), be willing and able to accept suitable work, and must report once a month to unemployment office.</p>
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<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefit is 80% of last earnings if insured has dependents, earned less than 3,526 francs, or is disabled; 70% in all other cases. Payable after 5-day waiting period.</p>
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<p>Maximum duration depends on age: 150 days if up to age 50; 250 days if between ages 50 and 60; 400 days if over age 60. Payment period can be extended to 520 days for those participating in active labor market programs.</p>
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<p>Partial unemployment benefit: 80% of lost earnings in case of short-time work for up to 12 months in a 2-year period; or, in case of bad weather, for up to 6 months.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Federal Office of Economy approves and supervises unemployment funds.</p>
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<p>Federal Social Insurance Office supervises contributions.</p>
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<p>Cantonal and regional unemployment funds (public funds) administer program for cantons or regions.</p>
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<p>In addition, some funds administer programs for certain professional groups.</p>
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<p>Regional placement offices assist unemployed persons in finding employment.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current federal law:</span> 1952 (agriculture only). All cantons have laws, enacted during or after 1943.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Federal program covers agricultural employees and small self-employed farmers who have one or more children (family allowances) or spouse (housekeeping allowance).</p>
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<p>Cantonal programs cover nonagricultural employees with one or more children. Several cantons also cover some self-employed persons, including farmers not covered by federal program.</p>
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<p>Employers usually affiliate with family allowance funds; in some cantons, employers may guarantee payment.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Agricultural employers, 2% of payroll (federal program). Nonagricultural employers, from approximately 0.1% to more than 5% of payroll, according to canton and fund.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Federal and cantonal governments share residual cost for agricultural employees and total cost for small self-employed farmers (2/3 by federal government, 1/3 by cantonal governments).</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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|
<p>In the federal program, child must be under age 16 (20 if unable to work and not receiving a disability pension, 25 if student). In most cantonal programs, child must be under age 16 (age 18 to 20 if disabled, 25 if student).</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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|
<p>Federal program pays 165 francs a month for each of the first two children (185 francs in mountain regions); 170 francs a month for the third and each subsequent child (190 francs in mountain regions). Household allowance is 100 francs for each married worker.</p>
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<p>In cantonal programs, the legal minimum is 150 francs to 344 francs a month for each child according to canton. Funds often pay higher amount than legal minimum.</p>
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<p>Some cantons pay birth grants (600 francs to 1,500 francs). Other cantons pay for vocational training allowances (175 francs to 444 francs a month). Some cantons pay both birth grants and vocational training allowances. In the cantons providing financial support for vocational training, the receipt of vocational training allowances replaces family allowances.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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|
<p>Federal program: Cantonal old-age and survivors' insurance funds collect contributions and pay allowances.</p>
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<p>Cantonal programs: Administered by numerous public and approved private family allowance funds, supervised by cantonal governments.</p>
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<p>Employers usually pay allowances with wages and settle only the surplus or the deficit with the respective fund; see coverage, above.</p>
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</div>
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