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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2002</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Thailand</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 43.32 baht.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1990, revised in 1994 and 1999; disability and death benefits, implemented in 1991; old-age benefits, implemented in 1998.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of firms with one or more workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
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<p>Special programs for civil servants and private-school teachers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Employees of foreign governments or international organizations and Thais working abroad.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1% of wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> 1% of wages.</p>
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<p>All of the above contributions finance old-age benefits and child allowance only.</p>
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<p>For the contributions for disability and survivor benefits, see Sickness and Maternity, below.</p>
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<p>Note: The contribution rates for the insured person and the employer have been temporarily reduced to 1% in response to economic recession. The contribution rates were 3%.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 55 with 180 months of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit:</span> Three months of contributions in the 15 months before the onset of disability. The benefit is payable after any entitlement to sickness benefit ceases.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> The benefit is payable if an old-age pensioner dies within 60 months of entitlement to the old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> One month of contributions in the 6 months prior to death. The death must have resulted from a nonoccupational injury or illness (for a death that resulted from an occupational injury or illness, see Work Injury, below).</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 15% of the average wage of the last 60 months. If the insured person has paid contributions for over 180 months, the rate of the average wage will increase by 1% for each 12-month period of contributions over 180 months.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age lump sum:</span> A refund of the employee's contribution is paid in a lump sum if the insured person has less than 12 months of contributions. If the insured person has more than 12 months but less than 180 months of contributions, a lump-sum refund consisting of the employer's and the employee's contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>50% of the wage prior to the onset of disability is payable until death. The maximum daily benefit is 250 baht.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p>A lump sum equal to 10 times the deceased's monthly old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> 30,000 baht.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security Office administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1990, revised in 1994 and 1999.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of firms with one or more workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
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<p>Special programs for civil servants and private-school teachers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Employees of foreign governments or international organizations and Thais working abroad.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1% of wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> 1% of wages.</p>
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<p>Minimum earnings for contribution purposes are 1,650 baht a month; maximum earnings, 15,000 baht a month.</p>
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<p>All of the above contributions also finance disability and survivor benefits.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and medical benefits:</span> Three months of contributions in the 15 months before the date of treatment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity and medical benefits:</span> Seven months of contributions in the 15 months before the date of treatment. Benefits are limited to two childbirths.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 50% of wages, up to a maximum of 250 baht a day. The benefit is payable for up to 90 days for each illness but for not more than 180 days in any calendar year; benefit for each incidence of chronic disease is payable for not more than a total of 365 days.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 50% of wages is payable for up to 90 days for each childbirth.</p>
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<p>Childbirth grant: A lump sum of 4,000 baht to cover the cost of medical treatment during childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical examination and treatment, hospitalization, medicines, ambulance fees, rehabilitation, and other necessary expenses under the capitation system.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>A lump sum of 4,000 baht to cover the cost of medical treatment during childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security Office administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1972.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1994.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Compulsory insurance with a public carrier.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of industrial and commercial firms with one or more workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Employees working in agriculture, forestry, and fishing; employees of state enterprises; employees of private schools; and government employees.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.2% to 1.0% of payroll, according to the risk classification of the employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>60% of wages. The benefit is payable after a 3-day waiting period; it is paid retroactively if the incapacity lasts more than 3 days. The minimum monthly benefit is 2,000 baht; the maximum is 9,000 baht.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>For total disability, 60% of the average monthly wage is payable for a maximum of 15 years.</p>
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<p>Permanent partial disability benefit: 60% of the average monthly wage. The benefit is payable for up to 10 years according to the assessed degree of incapacity or as a lump sum.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>All necessary medical, surgical, and hospital services. A maximum limit on the cost of medical benefits is set at 35,000 baht; up to 50,000 baht in certain specified cases, depending on the determination of a medical committee.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 60% of the average monthly wage. The benefit is payable for up to 8 years or as a lump sum.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors: The spouse, parents, and children under age 18 (no age limit if a student or if disabled). Each survivor receives an equal amount.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> 100 times the minimum daily wage (165 baht).</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security Office administers the program through the Office of Workmen's Compensation Fund.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1990 (social security act), not yet implemented.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1990, revised in 1994 and 1999; implemented in 1998.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of firms with one or more workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
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<p>Special programs for civil servants and private-school teachers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Employees of foreign governments or international organizations and Thais working abroad.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Child allowance:</span> Twelve months of contributions in the 36 months before the month of entitlement. The child must be under age 6.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Child allowance:</span> A monthly allowance of 200 baht per child under age 6. The allowance is payable for not more than two children at a time. If the insured person becomes disabled or dies while the child is under age 6, the allowance is paid until the child is age 6.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security Office administers the program.</p>
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