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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2003</h1>
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<h1>Venezuela</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 1,600&nbsp;bolivares.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1966, 1991, and 2001.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<p>Note: The 1990 labor code established supplementary pension funds financed by employer contributions only.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in the private and public sectors.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage is possible under certain conditions for persons who were previously covered.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> An average of 1.93% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> An average of 4.82% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> At least 1.5% of total taxable earnings to cover the cost of administration. Contributes as an employer.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution and benefit purposes are 375,000&nbsp;bolivares.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women) with 750&nbsp;weeks of contributions. The pensionable age is lower for those in unhealthy and arduous occupations. Retirement is not necessary. The pension is payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> The insured was not eligible for a pension but has at least 100&nbsp;weeks of contributions during the last 4&nbsp;years.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The permanent or prolonged loss of over 2/3 of working capacity with 250&nbsp;weeks of contributions (reduced by 20&nbsp;contributions for every year under age&nbsp;35), including 100&nbsp;weeks in the last 3&nbsp;years before the onset of disability. There is no qualifying period if the disability was caused by an accident that occurred while covered.</p>
<p>Partial disability pension: The loss of between 25% and 66.6% of working capacity.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> For an assessed degree of disability of between 5% and 25%.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The insured met the qualifying conditions for a pension or was a pensioner at the time of death. There is no qualifying period if the death is due to an accident that occurred while covered.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> The insured did not meet the qualifying period for a pension but had at least 100&nbsp;weeks of contributions during the last 4&nbsp;years. The grant is payable to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, a common-law wife, or to orphans.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 9,000&nbsp;bolivares a month, plus 30% of average earnings during the last 5&nbsp;years or the average of the best 5&nbsp;years in the last 10&nbsp;years (whichever is higher), plus an increment of 1% of earnings for every <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions beyond 750&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 40% of earnings.</p>
<p>Deferred pension: An increment of 5% of the pension for every year that the pension is deferred after the pensionable age.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Periodic adjustments of benefits for changes in prices and wages.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> An amount equal to 10% of total covered earnings if the insured is not eligible for a pension but has at least 100&nbsp;weeks of contributions during the last 4&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Periodic adjustments of benefits for changes in prices and wages.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 9,000&nbsp;bolivares a month plus 30% of average earnings (payable after 6&nbsp;months of disability), plus an increment of 1% of earnings for every <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions beyond 750&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 40% of earnings.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Up to 50% of the pension.</p>
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of between 25% and 66.6%, a percentage of the full pension proportional to the assessed degree of disability (if the disability is the result of a nonoccupational accident).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> Thirty-six months' disability pension.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Periodic adjustment of benefits for changes in prices and wages.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 40% of the pension paid or accrued to the insured is payable to a widow aged&nbsp;45 or older or caring for a child. Other widows receive a lump sum of 2&nbsp;years' widow's pension. A pension is also payable to a dependent widower aged&nbsp;60 or disabled. In the absence of a widow, the pension may be paid to a surviving common-law wife.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the insured's pension for each orphan under age&nbsp;14 (age&nbsp;18 if a student, no limit if disabled).</p>
<p>Full orphans: The first full orphan receives 40% of pension; other full orphans, 20%.</p>
<p>The maximum survivor pension is 100% of the insured's pension.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Periodic adjustment of benefits for changes in prices and wages.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors (in the absence of the above):</span> An amount equal to 10% of the insured's total covered earnings is payable to brothers, sisters, and parents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> An amount equal to 10% of the insured's total covered earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The grant must not be more than five times the insured's monthly salary.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Periodic adjustment of benefits for changes in prices and wages.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Managed by a tripartite board and a director general, the Social Insurance Institute administers the program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1966, 1991, and 2001.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash and medical benefits.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in the private and public sectors.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> An average of 1.79% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> An average of 3.46% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
<p>All of the above contributions also finance work injury benefits.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits:</span> Current coverage is necessary.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 66.6% of earnings, payable after a <span class="nobr">3-day</span> waiting period for up to 52&nbsp;weeks; may be extended under certain conditions. The benefit is reduced by 50% when the patient is hospitalized.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 66.6% of earnings is payable for up to 6&nbsp;months.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Free medical services are normally provided directly to patients by the medical facilities of the Social Security Institute for up to a maximum of 52&nbsp;weeks; may be extended for another 52&nbsp;weeks for convalescent care. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, medicines, dental care, maternity care, appliances, and transportation.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Free medical services are normally provided directly to patients by the medical facilities of the Social Security Institute. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, medicines, dental care, maternity care, appliances, and transportation. The maximum duration of medical benefits for dependents of pensioners is 26&nbsp;weeks; survivors of pensioners are entitled to medical service benefits for up to 52&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institute administers the program.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institute operates its own clinics and hospitals and contracts for other facilities.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1923.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1966, 1991, and 2001.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in the private and public sectors.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>66.6% of earnings. The benefit is payable after a <span class="nobr">3-day</span> waiting period for up to 52&nbsp;weeks (may be extended for an additional 52&nbsp;weeks if recovery is likely.)</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 66.6% of earnings, if totally disabled.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Up to 50% of the pension.</p>
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of between 25% and 66.6%, a percentage of the full pension in proportion to the assessed degree of disability. For an assessed degree of disability of between 6% and 24%, a lump sum equal to 3&nbsp;years' pension.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include free general and specialist care, hospitalization, medicines, laboratory services, appliances, and rehabilitation services.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 40% of the insured's total disability pension, payable to a widow aged&nbsp;45 or caring for a child. Other widows receive a lump sum of 2&nbsp;years' widow's pension. A pension is also payable to a dependent widower aged&nbsp;60 or older or disabled and a common-law wife (in the absence of a widow).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the insured's pension for each orphan under age&nbsp;14 (age&nbsp;18 if a student, no limit if disabled).</p>
<p>Full orphans: The first full orphan receives 40% of the insured's pension; other full orphans, 20%.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors (in the absence of the above):</span> Brothers, sisters, and parents may receive an amount equal to 10% of the insured's total covered earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> An amount equal to 10% of the insured's total covered earnings. The settlement is payable if the insured did not meet the qualifying period for a pension but had at least 100&nbsp;weeks of contributions during the last 4&nbsp;years.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> 5,000&nbsp;bolivares.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institute administers contributions and benefits.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institute provides medical benefits through its own clinics and hospitals.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1966, 1991, and 2001.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<p>Labor law requires that employers provide a severance payment for dismissal without due notice, for unjustified dismissal, or involuntary retirement.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in the private and public sectors.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured:</span> 0.5% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1.7% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution and benefit purposes are 375,000&nbsp;bolivares.</p>
<p>The above contributions also help finance health insurance for the unemployed.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> Fifty-two weeks of contributions during the 18&nbsp;months preceding the date unemployment began. The insured must be available for training or suitable employment.</p>
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
<p>60% of the average weekly salary during the last 50&nbsp;weeks. The benefit is paid for up to 18&nbsp;weeks; may be extended to 26&nbsp;weeks. Unemployed persons are entitled to a transportation bonus, employment training, and guidance services.</p>
<p>Transportation grant: 200&nbsp;bolivares.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Unemployed insured persons and family members are covered for health insurance for 26&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Employment services administer training and guidance.</p>
<p>Venezuelan Social Insurance Institute administers the program.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Marriage grant:</span> A lump sum of 7,000&nbsp;bolivares with 100&nbsp;weekly contributions paid in the 3&nbsp;years before marriage. (The grant is provided under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.)</p>
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