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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2003</h1>
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<h1>Dominican Republic</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 27&nbsp;pesos.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1947.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2001 (social security), implemented in 2003; and 2002 (pensions regulation).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Mandatory private insurance and social assistance system.</p>
<p>Note: The 2001 law created a three-part system that will be implemented in stages. A system of individual accounts for public- and private-sector workers began in June&nbsp;2003. The other programs, a social assistance program for those with very low income and subsidized individual accounts for the self-employed, are scheduled to begin in August&nbsp;2004 and 2006, respectively. The old social insurance system, which covers current pensioners and public-sector employees who opt not to join the new system, is being phased out.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<h4>Private insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Individual mandatory account:</span> All public- and private-sector workers, employers, and Dominican citizens living abroad. During the transition, mandatory coverage for all private-sector workers under age&nbsp;45 in 2003 and voluntary coverage for workers aged&nbsp;45 or older in 2003 and current public-sector employees.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Subsidized individual mandatory account:</span> Self-employed workers with income above the minimum wage.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Severely disabled, indigent, unemployed, or self-employed persons with income below the minimum wage.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<h4>Private insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 1.98% of earnings. To be raised to 2.88% of earnings by 2008.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 5.02% of payroll. To be raised gradually to 7.12% by 2008; includes 0.4% of payroll to finance minimum pensions (Social Solidarity Fund).</p>
<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> Finances the subsidized individual mandatory account.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution purposes are equal to one minimum salary.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution purposes are 20&nbsp;times the minimum wage.</p>
<p>Note: The above contributions include administrative fees for the pension fund and management companies&nbsp;(AFPs) and the operating costs of the Superintendent of Pensions, the supervisory organization.</p>
<h4>Social assistance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> Total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<h4>Private insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 with at least 30&nbsp;years of contributions; age&nbsp;55 if the pension is equal to at least 50% of the minimum pension.</p>
<p>Early retirement: Aged&nbsp;57 or older, unemployed, and with 300&nbsp;months of contributions; if less than 300&nbsp;months, the insured can receive a pension based on the accumulated funds or continue contributing until reaching 300&nbsp;months.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (subsidized):</span> Age&nbsp;65 with at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The insured has a chronic illness or injury (regardless of its origin) and has used up either sickness or work injury benefits. Total disability is at least a 2/3 loss of earning capacity; partial disability, between 1/2 and 2/3 loss. The insured's degree of disability is assessed by a regional medical committee.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor benefit:</span> The deceased was insured or a pensioner at the time of death.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance (income-tested):</span> Age&nbsp;60; at any age if severely disabled or indigent. Eligible survivors are <span class="nobr">widow(er)s</span>, partners, unmarried children under age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;21 if a full-time student, no limit if disabled).</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<h4>Private insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is based on the value of the accumulated capital plus accrued interest. The accumulated capital can be used to purchase a price-indexed annuity or to make programmed withdrawals. The insured's contributions under the old system will be recognized as an indexed bond.</p>
<p>Early retirement: The minimum old-age pension is paid until age&nbsp;60. The maximum early retirement pension is equal to the insured's final salary.</p>
<p>The minimum old-age pension is equal to the lowest legal minimum wage.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to changes in the minimum public-sector wage.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (subsidized):</span> The pension is based on the value of the accumulated capital plus accrued interest. The accumulated capital can be used to purchase a price-indexed annuity or can be withdrawn in the form of scheduled periodic payments.</p>
<p>The minimum old-age pension (subsidized) is equal to 70% of the private-sector minimum wage.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to price changes.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance old-age pension:</span> 60% of the minimum public-sector wage (plus a Christmas bonus).</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to price changes.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (private insurance):</span> 60% of indexed average earnings during the previous 3&nbsp;years if totally disabled. The insured's contributions under the old system are recognized as an indexed bond. The reference pension is used to purchase an annuity from an insurance company.</p>
<p>Partial disability: 30% of indexed average earnings during the previous 3&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>There is no minimum disability pension.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to price changes.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance disability pension:</span> 60% of the minimum public-sector wage. (Plus a Christmas bonus.)</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to price changes.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (private insurance):</span> 60% of indexed average earnings during the previous 3&nbsp;years. The insured's contributions under the old system will be recognized as an indexed bond. The reference pension is used to purchase an annuity from an insurance company.</p>
<p>A spouse over age&nbsp;50 receives the pension for life; a spouse between ages&nbsp;50 and 55, for 6&nbsp;years only; a spouse younger than age&nbsp;50, for 5&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>If there are orphans (under age&nbsp;18; up to age&nbsp;21 if a full-time student, no limit if disabled), the pension is split between the spouse and the orphans.</p>
<p>There is no minimum survivor pension.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to price changes.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance survivor pension:</span> 60% of the minimum public-sector wage. (Plus a Christmas bonus.)</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted according to price changes.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>National Social Security Board&nbsp;(CNSS) provides overall governance of the social security system.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Private insurance:</span> Superintendent of Pensions&nbsp;(SIPEN) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Individual pension fund management companies&nbsp;(AFPs) administer the individual accounts.</p>
<p>Authorized insurance companies sell annuity products.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1947.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1948 and 2001 (social security), not fully implemented.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash and universal medical benefits.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits (nonsubsidized):</span> Employed persons and their spouses or partners, the insured's children up to age&nbsp;21 if in full-time education (no limit if disabled), and pensioners.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits (subsidized):</span> Pensioners receiving subsidized benefits and the self-employed and home workers and their dependents.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 2.7% of earnings. To be raised gradually to 3% of earnings by 2008.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 6.3% of payroll. To be raised gradually to 7% of payroll by 2008.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Total cost of social assistance and part of the cost for the subsidized and pediatric health care programs.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (nonsubsidized):</span> Twelve months' contributions or a pensioner.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (nonsubsidized):</span> Eight months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before childbirth or no paid work during this period.</p>
<h4>Medical benefits</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Basic health plan:</span> Universal coverage.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pediatric health care:</span> Universal coverage.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (nonsubsidized):</span> 60% of earnings in the last 6&nbsp;months (40% if hospitalized), payable after a <span class="nobr">3-day</span> waiting period for up to 26&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (nonsubsidized):</span> Three months' covered salary, payable for 6&nbsp;weeks before and 6&nbsp;weeks after the expected date of childbirth.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Nursing allowance:</span> If the insured's salary is less than three times the minimum national wage, an allowance is paid for up to 12&nbsp;months after the child's birth.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits under the basic health plan include preventive, inpatient and outpatient, pediatric, and specialist care; medicines; dental treatment for children; rehabilitation; and prosthesis for disabled persons, according to the schedule in law.</p>
<p>Cost-sharing for some medicines. The insured is reimbursed for 70% of the cost of medicines. Social assistance beneficiaries receive basic medicines free of charge.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>The basic health plan provides coverage.</p>
<p>Pediatric health care: From the 45th day after birth until age&nbsp;5. Benefits include nutrition, pediatric care, and child development programs.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>National Health Insurance and Health Risk Management Companies administer the basic health plan.</p>
<p>Health Risk Management Companies may be private, public, or mixed entities.</p>
<p>Superintendent of Health and Labor Risks supervises the National Health Insurance and Health Risk Management Companies.</p>
<p>Superintendent of Health and Labor Risks supervises the pediatric health care program.</p>
<p>Pediatric health care is administered by the Social Insurance Institute.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1932.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2001 (social security).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>All insured workers.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Total cost, met through contributions that vary according to the assessed degree of risk (the average contribution is 1.2% of payroll).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<p>The maximum annual earnings for contribution purposes are 10&nbsp;times the minimum average national wage.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits are provided for temporary disability.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> Benefits are provided according to four degrees of disability.</p>
<p>Permanent partial disability for current occupation: The loss of at least 50% of earning capacity.</p>
<p>Permanent total disability for current occupation: Unable to perform usual occupation.</p>
<p>Permanent total disability for any occupation: Unable to perform any occupation.</p>
<p>Severe total disability: Totally disabled and in need of constant attendance.</p>
<p>All benefits are calculated using the base salary. The base salary is equal to average covered earnings in the last 6&nbsp;months before the onset of injury or occupational disease. For insured workers with less than 6&nbsp;months of covered earnings, the base salary is 50% of total covered earnings.</p>
<p>For an assessed degree of disability of more than 15% and up to 50%, the lump-sum benefit is between 5 and 10&nbsp;times the base salary. For an assessed degree of disability of more than 50% and up to 67%, the monthly pension is 50% of the base salary. For an assessed degree of disability of at least 67%, the monthly pension is 70% of the base salary. For a severe total disability the monthly pension is 100% of the base salary.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits are the same as provided under the basic health plan. Benefits include general, specialist, and surgical care; hospitalization; medicines; and prostheses.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the insured's pension is payable to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> aged&nbsp;45 or older or disabled. The pension ceases on remarriage. If the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> is under age&nbsp;45 or remarries, a lump sum equal to 2&nbsp;years' pension is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the insured's pension is payable to each orphan under age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;21 if a full-time student, no limit if disabled).</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Superintendent of Health and Labor Risks supervises, monitors, and controls the program.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p>Benefits are payable to unemployed single mothers with young children who are without sufficient resources to meet basic needs. (The benefits are provided under the Old Age, Disability, and Survivors program, above).</p>
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