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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2003 - Tunisia</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2003</h1>
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<h1>Tunisia</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 1.33 dinars.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1960.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1960 (nonagricultural income earners), implemented in 1974; 1981 (agricultural income earners); 1985 (civil servants); 1989 (improved agricultural scheme); 1995 (self-employed); 2002 (low-income earners); and 2002
(artists and intellectuals).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Wage earners in the private sector, agricultural workers, farmers, the self-employed, fishermen, domestic workers, some categories of low-income earners, artists, and intellectuals.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for Tunisian workers employed abroad who are not covered by the host country or by a reciprocal agreement.</p>
<p>Special scheme for civil servants.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3.68% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 7.37% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 with 120 months of contributions (age 50 with at least 180 months of contributions if prematurely aged because of arduous work, involuntarily unemployed for 6 months, or the mother of three children). Retirement from insured employment is necessary.</p>
<p>Early pension: From age 50 with at least 360 months of contributions.</p>
<p>Partial pension: Workers with between 60 and 119 months of contributions qualify for a proportionately reduced pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age allowance:</span> A lump sum for workers aged 60 or older with fewer than 60 months of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The permanent loss of at least 2/3 of earning capacity and with at least 60 months of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The insured person met the pension requirements or was a pensioner at the time of death.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> The insured person had 50 days of employment during the last 2 quarters or 80 days during the last 4 quarters.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 40% of average earnings in the last 10 years, plus 0.5% for every 3-month period of contributions beyond 120 months.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 2/3 of the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG).</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 80% of earnings up to a ceiling of 6 times the SMIG.</p>
<p>Early pension: 0.5% reduction for each quarter that the pension is awarded before age 60.</p>
<p>Partial pension: The pension is proportionate to the number of contributions.</p>
<p>The minimum partial pension is 50% of the SMIG.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age allowance:</span> A lump-sum payment.</p>
<p>The minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG) is 188 dinars.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 50% of average earnings in the last 10 years, plus 0.5% for every 3-month period of contributions beyond 180 months.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 2/3 of the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG).</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 80% of earnings up to a ceiling of 6 times the SMIG.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 20% of the disability pension.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 75% of the insured's pension is paid to a widow(er) without a dependent child; 70%, with one dependent child; 50%, with two or more.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 30% of the insured's pension for each orphan under age 16 (age 21 if a student; age 25 if a student without a scholarship; no age limit if disabled or for an unmarried daughter without income).</p>
<p>The maximum survivor pension is 100% of the insured's pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> Based on the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), a lump sum equal to 12 times the monthly average wage, plus 8.4% for each year of contributions. The death grant is reduced by 50% for the death of a pensioner; the amount is reduced to 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% if the death occurs at age 70, age 75, age 80, or age 85, respectively. The monthly average wage must not be more than 6 times the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG).</p>
<p>Supplement for dependent children: 10% of the grant for each dependent child.</p>
<p>The maximum death grant is 18 months' earnings.</p>
<p>Death allowance: In the case of the death of a dependent spouse or child, a lump sum equal to between 10 and 90 days of the insured's sickness benefit is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund administers the program through regional offices.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1960.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits:</span> Private-sector employees, agricultural workers, farmers, the self-employed, fishermen, students, and trainees.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits only:</span> Pensioners, domestic workers, and some categories of low-income earners and their dependents (including aged parents).</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for Tunisian workers employed abroad who are not covered by the host country or by a reciprocal agreement.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 2.08% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4.17% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and medical benefits:</span> 50 days of insured employment during the last 2 calendar quarters or 80 days during the last 4 quarters. Long-term sickness (over 180 days) must be certified by the medical commission.</p>
<p>Hospital care: 50 days of insured employment during the last 2 calendar quarters or 80 days during the last 4 quarters.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> 80 days of insured employment during the last 4 quarters.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 2/3 of average daily earnings up to a ceiling of twice the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG); 50% after 3 years. The benefit is payable after a 5-day waiting period; there is no waiting period for hospitalization, recognized long-term illnesses, and nonwork-related accidents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 2/3 of earnings is payable for 30 days
(may be extended for a further 15 days).</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical services are provided directly to insured patients by government hospitals and health establishments under contract with the National Social Security Fund and the Health Department; ambulatory services are provided in clinics operated by the fund; some specialized services are provided by private health establishments under conventions and protocols.</p>
<p>Benefits include medical care, hospitalization, surgery, specialist care, laboratory services, kidney dialysis, appliances, spa treatment, and medicines.</p>
<p>Pensioners receive free medical care in government hospitals and National Social Security Fund clinics.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Same as for the insured person.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund administers the program through regional offices.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1921.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1994, with 1995 amendment.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>All salaried employees, including domestic servants.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> From 0.4% to 4.0%, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>2/3 of earnings. The benefit is payable after a 3-day waiting period until full recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> Average earnings multiplied by 0.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion of disability between 15% and 50% and by 1.5 for the portion above 50%; a lump sum is paid for an assessed disability of between 5% and 15%.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 25% of average earnings.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is equal to the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG).</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>All necessary medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicines, and appliances, up to a specified maximum amount.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the insured's earnings is payable to a widow(er).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the insured's earnings for one orphan (30% for two; 40% for three or more) under age 16
(age 21 if attending secondary or professional school; age 25 if in higher studies; no age limit if disabled or for an unmarried daughter without income). 50% for one full orphan; 60% for two; 70% for three; and 80% for four or more.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors (in the absence of the above):</span> Dependent grandchildren, parents, and grandparents.</p>
<p>The maximum survivor pension is 80% of the insured's earnings.</p>
<p>Funeral grant: One month's earnings, but no higher than the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG).</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund administers the program through regional offices.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1982.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1996, implemented in 1997, with 2002 amendment.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Unemployment assistance.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>All nonagricultural salaried employees.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<p>The National Social Security Fund pays benefits according to available reserves.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefits:</span> Twelve quarters of contributions paid to any program administered by the National Social Security Fund. Ineligible for an old-age pension or a disability pension. Registered at an employment office. Involuntarily unemployed.</p>
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
<p>Equal to the minimum guaranteed monthly wage (SMIG). The benefit is payable for 6 months.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund administers benefits.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1944.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1960 and 1980 (family supplement).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Private-sector employees, certain categories of fishermen, agricultural cooperative workers, employees of farms employing 30 or more workers, students under age 28, and trainees of any age.</p>
<p>Exclusion: Domestic workers.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1.98% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3.97% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> The child must be under age 16 (age 18 if an apprentice; age 21 if a student or the insured's daughter providing care for her brothers and sisters; no limit if disabled).</p>
<p>Supplement for a family with a nonworking spouse:
Children must be eligible for the family allowance.</p>
<p>Parental leave: Awarded within the first 7 days after the birth.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> 18% of the insured's earnings for the first child, 16% for the second, and 14% for the third.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for benefit purposes are 122 dinars a quarter.</p>
<p>Supplement for a family with a nonworking spouse:
9,375 dinars a quarter for the first child, 18,750 dinars a quarter for two children, and 23,475 dinars a quarter for three children.</p>
<p>Parental leave: One day of paid leave.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund administers the program through regional offices.</p>
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