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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2003</h1>
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<h1>Ghana</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 8,250 cedi.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1965.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1991 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Voluntary affiliation for the self-employed; nonemployed formerly insured persons may contribute voluntarily as if self-employed.</p>
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<p>Special system for members of the armed forces.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 5% of earnings; self-employed, 17.5% of income.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 12.5% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit:</span> Age 60 (ages 55 to 59 for underground mine workers, steel mill workers, or employees engaged in other types of hazardous employment) with at least 240 months of contributions.</p>
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<p>Early pension: A reduced pension is payable from ages 55 to 59.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> For insured persons with insufficient contributions for the old-age benefit.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit:</span> Permanently disabled with 12 months of contributions in the last 36 months and incapable of any gainful employment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> The death of the insured person before age 72.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit:</span> The minimum pension is 50% of the average annual salary in the 3 best years of earnings. The pension is increased by 1.5 percentage points for each 12-month period of contributions beyond 240 months.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is not to exceed 80% of the average earnings of the top 5% of contributing members.</p>
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<p>The insured person may opt to take 25% of the pension as a lump sum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> A lump sum equal to the full refund of contributions plus interest set at 50% of the prevailing government treasury rate.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The minimum pension is 50% of the average annual salary for the 3 best years of earnings. The pension is increased by 1.5 percentage points for each 12-month period of contributions beyond 240 months.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p>If the insured was a pensioner at the time of death, the benefit is payable as a lump sum calculated on the present value of the pension that would have been received after the date of death until age 72. If the insured was not a pensioner but had 240 months of contributions, a lump-sum benefit is payable equal to the present value of 12 years' pension; with less than 240 months of contributions, a lump sum equal to the present proportional value of 12 years' pension. (The present value of the pension is calculated using 50% of the prevailing treasury bill rate of interest.) The pension is payable to named dependents.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security and National Insurance Trust administers the program through a tripartite management board.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>Employers can provide medical care for employees and their dependents through collective agreements.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1987.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system, normally involving insurance with a private carrier.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Total cost, met through the direct provision of benefits or the payment of insurance premiums.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> The minimum qualifying period is 6 months.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit is the difference between earnings before the onset of disability and the actual or potential earnings after the onset of disability. The benefit is payable after a 5-day waiting period for up to 24 months at the discretion of the Chief Labor Officer.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>A lump sum of 96 months' earnings on the date of certification of permanent disability, if totally disabled.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 25% of the total disability benefit.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A lump sum proportionate to the assessed degree of disability. Benefit payments are made according to the schedule in law.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical, surgical, hospital, and nursing care and the cost of medicines and appliances up to specified amounts.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p>A lump sum of 60 months' earnings at time of the work injury. The benefit is payable to the insured's dependents; a reduced benefit is paid if the survivor was only partially dependent.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Mobilization and Social Welfare, Labor Department, enforces the law.</p>
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<p>Employers may insure the assessed liability with private insurance companies.</p>
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