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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2016</h1>
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<h1>Fiji</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 2.05 Fiji dollars (F$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1966 (provident fund); 2001 (social assistance); and 2011 (provident fund regulations), implemented in 2012.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Provident fund and social assistance system.</p>
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<p>Note: Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF) provides two types of individual accounts for each member: a Preserved Account primarily for retirement (first-time homebuyers may withdraw a portion of the balance prior to retirement); and a General Account that may be accessed prior to retirement for education, medical, unemployment, housing, and other approved expenses.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Provident Fund:</span> Employed persons who reside in Fiji.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons, household workers, students, some foreign workers employed in Fiji, and certain informal-sector workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Employees whose employer's principal place of business is outside Fiji.</p>
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<p>Special systems for civil servants and military and police personnel who began employment before November 1971 and opted to continue under the Civil Service Pension Scheme.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Citizens of Fiji.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 8% of total wages; F$35 is deducted annually from the member's provident fund account (Special Death Benefit). Additional voluntary contributions of up to 12% of total wages (paid by the insured person, the employer, or both) are possible.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined insured person and employer contribution is 30% of total wages.</p>
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<p>Of the combined insured person and employer contribution, 70% is allocated to a Preserved Account and 30% to a General Account.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> An annual contribution of at least F$84; F$35 is deducted annually from the member's provident fund account (Special Death Benefit).</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 10% of payroll up to age 65. Additional voluntary contributions of up to 12% of total wages (paid by the insured person, the employer, or both) are possible.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined insured person and employer contribution is 30% of total wages.</p>
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<p>Of the combined insured person and employer contribution, 70% is allocated to a Preserved Account and 30% to a General Account.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (provident fund)</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Preserved Account:</span> Age 55; age 50 if unemployed for the last three years with an account balance of up to F$2,000; at any age if emigrating permanently.</p>
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<p>Drawdown payment: May withdraw funds before age 55 to finance the purchase of a first home.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">General Account:</span> Funds may be accessed prior to retirement for education, medical, unemployment, housing, and other approved expenses.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (Social Pension Scheme, social assistance):</span> Age 68 and not receiving provident fund benefits, poverty benefits, or a government pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (provident fund):</span> Must have a permanent incapacity for work in covered employment. Medical certification is required. A medical board appointed by the Fiji National Provident Fund Board may request that the fund member undergo a medical examination.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (provident fund):</span> Paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> or other survivors named by the fund member, when the fund member dies.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Special Death Benefit:</span> Paid when a fund member dies.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (provident fund)</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Preserved Account:</span> The balance of total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest minus drawdown payments is paid. This amount may be taken as a lump sum; a single life or joint life annuity; a term annuity for terms of five, 10, or 15 years; or a combination of these. Life annuity rates depend on age at retirement. Life annuities are guaranteed for up to five years; may purchase both a single and joint life annuity at the same time.</p>
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<p>Drawdown payment: Up to 30% of the account balance may be withdrawn prior to retirement to finance housing costs.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">General Account:</span> The balance of total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest may be withdrawn for education purposes, medical care, housing costs, periods of unemployment, or funeral expenses.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (Social Pension Scheme, social assistance):</span> F$50 a month is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (provident fund):</span> The balance of total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest minus drawdown payments (from both the Preserved and General Accounts) is paid. This amount may be taken as a lump sum; a single life or joint life annuity; a term annuity for terms of five, 10, or 15 years; or a combination of these. Unlike the life annuity, the term annuity rates are not adjusted for age, but for term.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (provident fund):</span> The balance of total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest (from both the Preserved and General Accounts) is paid. This amount may be taken as a lump sum; a single life or joint life annuity; a term annuity for terms of five, 10, or 15 years; or a combination of these. Only a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> can choose an annuity option.</p>
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<p>Special Death Benefit: F$8,500 is credited to the deceased's balance, including F$2,000 that can be withdrawn for the deceased's funeral expenses.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: The Special Death Benefit is reviewed annually.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Fiji National Provident Fund Board (<a href="https://myfnpf.com.fj/">https://www.myfnpf.com.fj/</a>), appointed by the Minister of Finance, provides general supervision and enforces the law.</p>
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<p>Ministry of Women, Children & Poverty Alleviation (http://www.welfare-women.gov.fj/) administers the social assistance programs.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 2002 (public health), 2002 (public hospitals), and 2007 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits:</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Citizens of Fiji.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost; pays benefits directly to employees.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> Temporarily incapable of work due to illness or injury and has at least three months of continuous service with the same employer. The employer may request a medical certificate.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Must have been employed for at least 150 days in the nine months before the date of childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness (employer liability):</span> 100% of the insured's normal earnings is paid for up to 10 days a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> 100% of the woman's normal earnings is paid for up to 84 days for up to three births; 50% for the 4th and subsequent births. If the woman was employed by multiple employers during the entitlement period, the responsibility for payment is divided proportionally among them.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Public hospitals and clinics provide free health care. Benefits include preventive care, generalist and specialist services, and hospitalization.</p>
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<p>Private hospitals and clinics provide services on a fee-for-service basis.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits (employer liability)</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Employment, Productivity, and Industrial Relations (http://www.labour.gov.fj/) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Employment Relations Tribunal and Employment Relations Court adjudicate employment claims for paid sickness and maternity leave.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits</span></p>
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<p>Division of Public Health and Hospital Services of the Ministry of Health (<a href="https://www.health.gov.fj/">http://www.health.gov.fj/</a>) oversees the provision of government health services.</p>
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<p>Deputy Secretary of Public Health coordinates primary and preventive care services through a network of local health facilities and hospitals.</p>
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<p>Deputy Secretary of Hospital Services coordinates secondary and tertiary care through a network of national hospitals.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1965 (workmen's compensation).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons and apprentices.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Casual labor, family labor, military personnel, self-employed persons, some public-sector employees, and other workers designated by the government.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Provides benefits directly to employees.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must have an incapacity for work for at least three days.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>66% of the insured's weekly earnings is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-day</span> waiting period for up to 260 weeks.</p>
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<p>The maximum total benefit is F$50,000 (partial disability) or F$67,000 (total disability). The benefit may be converted to a <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> payment in certain cases.</p>
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<p>The assessed degree of disability is established according to a schedule in law and following an examination by a doctor chosen by the employer. Periodic assessment of the degree of disability may be required.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>For a total disability, a lump sum of 260 weeks of earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is F$6,000.</p>
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<p>The maximum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is F$67,000.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 50% of the lump sum for a total disability is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A percentage of the lump sum for a total disability is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is F$3,000.</p>
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<p>The maximum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is F$50,000.</p>
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<p>The assessed degree of disability is established according to a schedule in law and following an examination by a doctor chosen by the employer. Periodic assessment of the degree of disability may be required.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical and hospital care, surgery, medicine, appliances, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p>A lump sum of 208 weeks of the deceased's earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include individuals who were fully or partially dependent on the insured. The survivor benefit is split among all eligible survivors.</p>
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<p>The minimum combined <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is F$9,000.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is F$50,000.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Employment, Productivity, and Industrial Relations (http://www.labour.gov.fj/) enforces work injury law.</p>
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<p>Individual employers pay compensation directly to their own employees, except for <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> payments and survivor benefits.</p>
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<p>Local courts administer <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> payments and survivor benefits.</p>
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<p>Courts settle disputes regarding the provision of medical benefits.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>Provident fund members may draw down a portion of their account balance during periods of unemployment. See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2001 (social justice).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Citizens of Fiji.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-Employed person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Poverty benefit (means tested):</span> Paid to needy households for up to three years; able-bodied members of the household must undergo vocational training and actively seek work or income-generating projects.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Child allowance (Care & Protection Allowance, means tested):</span> Paid to needy single mothers, deserted spouses, widows, prisoners' dependents, and foster parents or guardians without any source of income. The child must be younger than age 18.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Food voucher program (means tested):</span> Provided to needy households with children in remote rural areas if children are enrolled in school; to needy pregnant women during the last seven months of pregnancy; and to certain needy citizens aged 68 or older who qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability allowance.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Poverty benefit (means tested):</span> F$30 a month is paid for each household member, up to F$120. An additional food voucher of F$30 a month is provided.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Child allowance (Care & Protection Allowance, means tested):</span> F$25 to F$100 is paid per child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Food voucher program (means tested):</span> Food vouchers of F$50 are provided.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Women, Children & Poverty Alleviation (http://www.welfare-women.gov.fj/) administers the programs.</p>
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