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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2015</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Dominica</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 2.70 East Caribbean dollars (<abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1970 (provident fund).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1975 (social security) and 2012 (social security regulations).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, self-employed persons, and apprentices.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage is available.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 5% (rising by 0.25% each year until reaching 6% in 2019) of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>There are no minimum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$72,000.</p>
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<p>The insured's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 11% of declared net earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$7,200.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$72,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 6.75% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>There are no minimum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$72,000.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 62 (rising by six months each year until reaching 65 in 2021) with at least 500 weeks of paid or credited contributions, including at least 150 weeks of paid contributions.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Age 60 with at least 500 weeks of paid or credited contributions, including at least 150 weeks of paid contributions.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred indefinitely.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> Age 62 with at least 50 weeks but less than 500 weeks of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Old-age benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Younger than age 60, assessed with a permanent incapacity for work, and has at least 150 weeks of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> Younger than age 60, assessed with a permanent incapacity for work, and has less than 150 weeks of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>A medical referee assesses the incapacity for work.</p>
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<p>Disability benefits are payable abroad if the purpose of travel is to receive medical treatment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include the spouse; dependent children younger than age 21 if a student, unmarried, and unemployed; and dependent parents and grandparents aged 60 or older, if there is no surviving spouse or dependent child.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases on remarriage or cohabitation.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> The deceased had at least 150 weeks of contributions but did not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Survivor benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age,</span> disability, sickness, or maternity benefit. Paid when the insured, the insured's uninsured spouse, or one of the insured's dependent children younger than age 21 (if a student, unmarried, and unemployed) dies.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average earnings plus 1% for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 500 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>Average earnings are based on the insured's best 10 years of earnings in the last 15 years.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$36.90.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 60% of the insured's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.5% a month for each month the pensioner is younger than the pensionable age.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension increases by 6% for each complete year of deferral.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> A lump sum of three times the insured's average weekly covered earnings is paid for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Average weekly covered earnings are the total covered earnings divided by the total number of weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every three years according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average earnings plus 1% for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 500 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>Average earnings are based on the insured's best 10 years of earnings in the last 15 years or the number of years worked if less than 10.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly disability pension is 60% of the insured's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum of three times the insured's average weekly covered earnings is paid for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Average weekly covered earnings are the total covered earnings divided by the total number of weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every three years according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> aged 50 or older. If the surviving spouse was married to the deceased for less than three years or is younger than age 50, the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> receives a survivor pension for one year or while caring for dependent children.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for each of the first two orphans (33% if a full orphan or disabled). If there are more than two orphans, the total pension amount is split equally.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly orphan's pension is <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$50.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a dependent parent or grandparent.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> A lump sum of three times the deceased's average weekly covered earnings is paid for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Weekly covered earnings are the total covered earnings divided by the total number of weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid to the person who pays for the funeral. <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,400 is paid when the insured dies; <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,016 for the death of an uninsured spouse; and <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$1,008 for the death of a dependent child.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every three years according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Social Security provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Dominica Social Security (http://www.dss.dm), governed by the Social Security Board, administers the social insurance program.</p>
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<p>Division of Social Welfare administers social assistance benefits.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1975 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash benefits only.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, self-employed persons, and apprentices.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as en employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Employed persons must have at least 13 weeks of insured employment immediately before the incapacity began, including at least eight weeks of paid contributions. Self-employed persons must have at least 52 weeks of insured employment immediately before the incapacity began, including at least two quarters of paid contributions in the last three consecutive quarters.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> Employed persons must have at least 30 weeks of contributions, including at least 20 weeks in the <span class="nobr">30-week</span> period before maternity leave began. Self-employed persons must have at least three quarters of paid contributions in the four consecutive quarters before the quarter in which maternity leave began.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity grant:</span> Paid to an insured woman or the uninsured spouse of an insured man. Employed persons must have at least 26 weeks of paid contributions in the <span class="nobr">52-week</span> period before the expected date of childbirth. Self-employed persons must have at least three quarters of paid contributions in the four consecutive quarters before the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 60% of the insured's average weekly earnings in the last 13 weeks is paid from the first day of incapacity if the incapacity lasts at least four days. The benefit is paid for up to 26 weeks.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 60% of the insured's average weekly earnings in the last 30 weeks is paid six weeks before and six weeks after the expected date of childbirth; in certain cases, the benefit may be paid from three weeks before and up to nine weeks after the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity grant:</span> A lump sum of <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$500 is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>Public hospitals and clinics under the Ministry of Health provide primary and secondary health care to the general population.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>Public hospitals and clinics under the Ministry of Health provide primary and secondary health care to the general population.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Social Security provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Dominica Social Security (http://www.dss.dm), governed by the Social Security Board, administers the social insurance program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1938 (workmen's compensation).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1985 (employment injury and occupational diseases).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, including apprentices.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.5% of employees' gross earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. The disability must last at least four days.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>60% of the insured's average earnings in the last 13 weeks is paid for up to 26 weeks until the disability ends or certification of permanent disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefit:</span> Up to 60% of the insured's average earnings in the last 13 weeks is paid, according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If the insured is assessed with a 100% disability and requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 50% of the insured's permanent disability benefit is paid. The allowance is suspended if the insured is hospitalized.</p>
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<p>If the assessed degree of disability is less than 30%, a lump sum is paid.</p>
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<p>A medical referee assesses the incapacity for work.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical expenses of up to <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$6,000 are reimbursed for local and overseas treatment.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a dependent <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases on remarriage or cohabitation.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive (33% if a full orphan or disabled) is paid for each of the first two dependent children younger than age 21 if attending school, unmarried and unemployed. If there are more than two orphans, the total pension amount is split equally.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly orphan's pension is <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$50.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 50% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a dependent parent or grandparent.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid to the person who pays for the funeral. <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,400 is paid for when the insured dies; <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,016 when an uninsured spouse dies; and <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$1008 when a dependent child younger than age 18 dies, if unmarried and unemployed.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Social Security provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Dominica Social Security (http://www.dss.dm), governed by the Social Security Board, administers the social insurance program.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>The Protection of Employment Act (1984) requires employers to provide severance pay in cases of redundancy for employees with at least three years of continuous service. The benefit amount varies according to the length of service: with up to five years, one week's pay plus two weeks' pay for each year exceeding three years; with more than five but less than ten years of service, nine weeks' pay plus two weeks for each year exceeding five; with more than 10 years of service, 19 weeks' pay plus three weeks for each year exceeding 10 years.</p>
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