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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2015</h1>
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<h1>Bermuda</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 1.00 Bermuda dollar (B$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1967 (old age and survivors).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1970 (old age and survivors); 1980 (disability); 1998 (occupational pensions), implemented in 2000; and 1999 (national pension scheme regulations).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, mandatory occupational pension, and social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p>Employed and self-employed persons older than age 18 working more than four hours a week, and temporary residents gainfully employed for more than 26 consecutive weeks.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for persons who were previously covered.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: <span class="nobr">Full-time</span> students up to age 26 who work weekends or during school vacations.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p>Employed persons aged 23 or older who are citizens or the spouse of a citizen and who have worked 720 hours or more for their current employer in any calendar year; self-employed persons aged 23 or older who are citizens or the spouse of a citizen and have annual earnings above B$20,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance</span></p>
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<p>Residents of Bermuda.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> B$32.07 a week; none if older than age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> 5% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are B$200,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> B$64.17 a week; B$32.07 if older than age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> 10% of declared earnings. Additional voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
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<p>The maximum mandatory contribution on declared earnings is B$5,000 a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> B$32.07 a week.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> 5% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are B$200,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory occupational pension:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> Age 65 with at least 250 weeks of contributions, including an average of at least 50 weeks of contributions for each year of coverage. Retirement is not necessary.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Age 65 with at least 250 weeks of contributions, including an average of 25 to 49 weeks of contributions for each year of coverage.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age settlement (social insurance):</span> Age 65, has made contributions, but does not meet the contribution requirements for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (mandatory occupational pension):</span> Age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social assistance):</span> Age 65, does not qualify for contributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> benefits, and a citizen with at least 10 years of continuous residence in Bermuda in the 20 years immediately before the application.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> Assessed with a disability, employed immediately before the disability began, and unable to work for a full year. Must have at least 150 weeks of contributions, including at least 50 weeks of contributions for each year of coverage.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Assessed with a disability, employed immediately before the disability began, unable to work for a full year, and has an average of 25 to 49 weeks of contributions for each year of coverage.</p>
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<p>The disability pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension (mandatory occupational pension):</span> Must be assessed with an incapacity for work due to a physical or mental condition.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Noncontributory disability pension (social assistance):</span> Assessed with a permanent incapacity for work, does not qualify for any contributory disability benefits, and resided in Bermuda for at least 10 years immediately before the application.</p>
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<p>Appointed medical doctors assess the degree of disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension (social insurance).</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Paid if the deceased qualified for a partial <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or partial disability pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> married to the deceased for at least three years including at the time of death.</p>
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<p>For her own <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension calculation, a widow who receives a survivor pension is credited for every week she receives the pension and may substitute up to a year of her deceased husband's contribution record for her own.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases on remarriage or cohabitation.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor settlement (social insurance):</span> The deceased had made contributions but did not meet the contribution requirements for a survivor pension (social insurance).</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> married to the deceased for at least three years including at the time of death.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension (mandatory occupational pension):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension (mandatory occupational pension) at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include beneficiaries named by the deceased.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> B$226.22 a week (B$982.98 a month) plus B$1.33 for each <span class="nobr">26-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 250 contributions is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: The minimum monthly partial pension is B$491.49 <span class="nobr">(one-half</span> of the full pension) if the annual average number of weeks of contributions is 25 to 29; B$589.74 (<span class="nobr">three-fifths</span>) for 30 to 34 weeks; B$688.07 (seven-tenths) for 35 to 39 weeks; B$786.40 (<span class="nobr">four-fifths</span>) for 40 to 44 weeks; or B$884.69 (nine-tenths) for 45 to 49 weeks.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement (social insurance):</span> The total employer and employee contributions are refunded as a lump sum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (mandatory occupational pension):</span> The pension is based on the insured's average earnings or the amount of the insured's accumulated capital, depending on the rules for the specific occupational pension scheme.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social assistance):</span> B$103.81 a week (B$451.08 a month) is paid with total annual income greater than $4,000; B$106.83 a week (B$464.20 a month) with total annual income up to $4,000.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> B$150.79 a week (B$655.22 a month) is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: A percentage of the full pension is paid according to the number of average annual weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (mandatory occupational pension):</span> The amount of the benefit depends on the rules for the specific occupational pension scheme.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Noncontributory disability pension (social assistance):</span> B$103.81 a week (B$451.08 a month) is paid.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> B$226.22 a week (B$982.98 a month) is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: B$491.49 <span class="nobr">(one-half</span> of the full pension) a month is paid if the deceased's annual average number of weeks of contributions was 25 to 29; B$589.74 (<span class="nobr">three-fifths</span>) for 30 to 34 weeks; B$688.07 (seven-tenths) for 35 to 39 weeks; B$786.40 (<span class="nobr">four-fifths</span>) for 40 to 44 weeks; or B$884.69 (nine-tenths) for 45 to 49 weeks.</p>
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<p>An additional allowance of B$22.57 a week (B$98.07 a month) is paid for each dependent child.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension is paid for 26 weeks or until dependent children reach age 18 (26 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student); for life if the surviving spouse is older than age 50 or disabled.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement (social insurance):</span> The total employer and employee contributions are refunded as a lump sum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (mandatory occupational pension):</span> The benefit is paid as a lump sum or according to the pension plan based on the value of the deceased's contributions, accumulated capital, or accrued benefits.</p>
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<p>A <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is paid to the survivor if the deceased was a member of an occupational pension scheme for less than two years at the time of death.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance and social assistance</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Finance provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Department of Social Insurance (http://www.socialinsurance.gov.bm) administers the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p>Pension Commission (<a href="https://www.gov.bm/bermuda-pension">http://www.pensioncommission.bm</a>) supervises and regulates the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1970 (health insurance); 2000 (labor law); and 2004 (health council), implemented in 2006.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability (cash benefits) and compulsory insurance (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<p>Note: Compulsory medical insurance for employed persons and their dependents may be provided by a public or private carrier or an approved employer-operated plan. Separate insurance is available for nonemployed persons.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government Health Insurance Plan:</span> Residents of Bermuda aged 18 or older.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> Employed persons and their nonemployed spouses; and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> Residents of Bermuda aged 65 or older.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> B$216.66 a month, plus B$95 a month for each dependent child up to age 21. Voluntarily insured persons pay B$433.31 a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> Employed persons and their nonemployed spouses pay 50% of a premium set based on medical underwriting.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> B$252.11 a month; B$749.24 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements. Voluntary insured persons pay B$504.21 a month; B$1,498.48 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> B$433.31 a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> 100% of premiums set based on medical underwriting.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> B$504.21 a month; B$1,498.48 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> B$216.66 a month, plus B$95 a month each for employees' dependent children up to age 21.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> For employed persons and their nonemployed spouses, 50% of a premium set based on medical underwriting.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> B$252.11 a month; B$749.24 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost of health insurance for needy persons; 80% of the total cost of hospital care for residents aged 65 to 74; 90% of the total cost of hospital care for residents aged 75 or older.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> Must have at least one year of continuous service.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Must provide a medical certificate specifying the expected date of childbirth and submit an application to the employer at least four weeks before the expected date the leave will begin.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period for employees with compulsory coverage, except for a <span class="nobr">10-month</span> waiting period for maternity care.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's daily wages is paid for up to eight days a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's wages is paid for eight weeks for employees with at least one year of continuous service with the same employer, plus an additional four weeks of unpaid leave. Employees with less than a year may take eight weeks of unpaid leave.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> Benefits include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; medicine; basic dental care; and health and wellness visits.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> Benefits include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, preventive, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, air ambulance, air travel, room and board, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; prescription drugs; dental and vision care; and <span class="nobr">at-home</span> nursing services.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> Benefits include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, preventive, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; medicine; dental and vision care; and <span class="nobr">at-home</span> nursing services.</p>
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<p>Cost sharing: Copayments are required under all plans.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits for dependents</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan and Commercial Insurance:</span> Medical benefits for dependents are the same as for the insured.</p>
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<p>Eligible dependents include children up to age 21.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits</span></p>
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<p>Department of Workforce Development (http://www.dwd.bm/), under the Ministry of Home Affairs, administers cash benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Health provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Health Insurance Department (<a href="https://www.gov.bm/department/health-insurance">http://www.hip.gov.bm</a>) administers the Health Insurance Plan and the Future Care programs.</p>
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<p>Private carriers administer the commercial insurance.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1965 (workmen's compensation).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system. (The government may require employers to carry insurance.)</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons and apprentices.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, casual labor, <span class="nobr">part-time</span> workers, temporary employees, students, and voluntary workers.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost (pays insurance premiums or provides benefits directly to employees).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. The incapacity must last more than three days.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>50% of lost earnings (up to B$170 a week) or a lump sum is paid. The total benefit must not exceed the permanent disability benefit the insured would be entitled to receive.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefit:</span> For a total disability, four years of the insured's earnings before the incapacity began, or four years of the average annual per capita income, whichever is less, is paid.</p>
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<p>The average annual per capita income is B$91,479 (2014).</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 25% of the permanent disability benefit is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A percentage of the full disability benefit is paid according to the assessed loss of earning capacity.</p>
|
|
<p>Appointed medical doctors assess the degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include the cost of necessary medical care, including hospitalization (up to a maximum based on the prevailing public ward charge for 56 days); emergency outpatient treatment; surgery, according to a fee schedule; medical expenses, including the cost of nursing, ambulances, and medicine, up to B$1,000; the cost of prostheses up to B$2,000; and the cost of transportation up to B$250.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> Three years of the deceased's earnings, or three years of the average annual per capita income, whichever is less, minus the value of any permanent disability benefits paid to the deceased, is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The average annual per capita income is B$91,479.</p>
|
|
<p>Eligible survivors include persons who were totally dependent on the deceased.</p>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Partial survivor grant:</span> A grant is paid to those who were partially dependent on the deceased.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant and medical expenses:</span> Up to B$2,000 is paid if there are no dependents.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Labor, Home Affairs, and Public Safety provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>Supreme Court administers lump sums.</p>
|
|
<p>Courts supervise the agreement between an employer and the insured on the amounts payable.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p>Labor law (2000) requires employers to provide severance pay to employees with at least one year of continuous service. Severance is paid in cases of redundancy, insolvency, death of the employer, and death of the employee due to a work injury. The benefit is at least two weeks' wages for each year of service up to 10 years and three weeks for each year exceeding 10 years, up to 26 weeks' wages.</p>
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