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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2008</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Syria</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr>US</abbr>$1.00 equals 45.70 pounds.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1959 (social insurance), with 1976 and 2001 amendments.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; civil servants; household workers; freelance workers; self-employed persons; and employers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for Syrians working abroad.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Family labor.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 7% of earnings (plus an optional 1% of earnings for voluntary supplementary disability and death benefits).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Information is not available.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 14% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women); at any age (men and women) in physically demanding or dangerous work, with at least 15 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Age 55 (men) or age 50 (women) with at least 20 years of contributions. At any age (men and women) with at least 30 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Early pension: At any age with at least 25 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Payments abroad are made at the discretion of the Institution of Social Insurance.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) and does not satisfy the qualifying conditions for the old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Paid for the loss of at least 80% of working capacity. The disability began during employment or within 6 months after leaving employment but is not due only to an occupational injury. The insured must have made contributions throughout the last 12 months or for a total of at least 24 months including the last 3 months.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> The assessed degree of disability must exceed 35%. The disability may be due to an occupational injury.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased met the contribution conditions for the disability pension or was a pensioner at the time of death. The death was not the result of an occupational injury.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include an unemployed widow of any age or a disabled widower, orphans younger than age 21 (age 24 if disabled), and dependent parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> Paid to eligible survivors for the death of the insured.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Paid to help meet the cost of the funeral.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to 2.5% of the insured's base earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions, up to 75% of the base earnings. The base earnings are equal to the previous year's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is equal to 2.5% of the insured's base earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions, up to 75% of the base earnings. The base earnings are equal to the previous year's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is equal to the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly pension is 3,450 pounds or 75% of base earnings, whichever is less.</p>
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<p>Old-age increment: A lump sum is paid equal to 1 month of the pension for every complete covered year beyond 30 years of coverage, up to 5 months of the pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of between 11% and 15% of total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The pension is equal to 40% of the insured's base earnings plus 2% for each year of covered employment. The base earnings are equal to the previous year's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is equal to the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is equal to 80% of base earnings.</p>
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<p>Temporary disability pension: The minimum monthly pension is 343 pounds, plus 25 pounds for each dependent.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> A lump sum is paid equal to 50% of the insured's insurable earnings in the previous year. The benefit is increased by an additional 50% if the insured is totally disabled as a result of an accident at work.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The pension is equal to 37.5% of the deceased's disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> The pension is equal to 25% of the deceased's disability pension for the first orphan (37.5% for a full orphan); 12.5% for the second orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension:</span> Each parent receives 12.5% of the deceased's disability pension.</p>
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<p>The minimum survivor pension is 400 pounds a month for a widow; 96 pounds each for other survivors.</p>
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<p>The maximum total survivor pension is equal to 75% of the deceased's disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> A lump sum equal to 100% of the deceased's earnings in the previous year is paid to a survivor. The lump sum is increased by 50% if the insured's death was caused by an accident at work.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 1 month of earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum funeral grant is 100 pounds.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Institution of Social Insurance, managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1959 (social insurance), with 1976 and 2001 amendments.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; municipal workers; and public employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Household workers and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit for the first month is equal to 80% of the insured's monthly earnings; thereafter, 100%.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly benefit is 2,000 pounds and is paid from the day after the injury occurred for up to 12 months.</p>
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<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pension entitlements.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> If assessed with a degree of disability of at least 80%, the benefit is equal to 75% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 458 pounds.</p>
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<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pension entitlements.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of 35% to 79%, a percentage of the full pension (75% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year) is paid according to the assessed degree of disability. For an assessed degree of disability of less than 35%, a lump sum of 1 year of the partial pension (a percentage of the full pension) is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>General and specialist care, surgery, hospitalization, drugs, X-rays, appliances, and rehabilitation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 75% of the deceased's average monthly earnings in the previous year is split among eligible survivors as follows: 50% for the widow and 50% for orphans; if there is a dependent parent, 20% to the parent, 40% to the widow, and 40% to orphans.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 400 pounds for a widow; 96 pounds each for other survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid equal to 1 month of earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum funeral grant is 80 pounds.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Institution of Social Insurance, managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
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