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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2002</h1>
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<h1>Yemen</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 175.00 rials.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1980.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current Law:</span> 1991, with 2000 amendment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Public-sector system:</span> Permanent employees of government agencies and all public or mixed-sector entities.</p>
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<p>Special system for military and police personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Private-sector system:</span> Private-sector employees (nationals and foreigners), including Yemeni workers abroad.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Casual workers, agricultural workers, domestics, seamen, and fishermen.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 6% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 6% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None, except for payroll contributions as an employer.</p>
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<p>Earnings for contribution purposes include the basic salary plus all allowances paid to an employee.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 6% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 9% of payroll for the old-age pension and 4% of payroll for the disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<p>Earnings for contribution purposes include the basic salary plus all allowances paid to an employee.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age benefit:</span> Age 60 with at least 15 years of contributions (men) or age 55 with at least 10 years of contributions (women).</p>
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<p>Early retirement: Age 50 (men) with more than 25 years of contributions or age 46 (women) with 10 years of contributions; at any age (men and women) with 30 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Early retirement is possible regardless of age (men and women) with 25 years of contributions if the insured is dismissed.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability benefit:</span> Permanent total or partial disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor benefit:</span> Death of the insured prior to retirement.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age benefit:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with at least 15 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Early retirement: A pension is awarded if age 50 (men) with 25 years of contributions or age 46 (women) with 20 years of contributions; at any age with 30 years of contributions (men) or 25 years of contributions (women).</p>
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<p>Reduced pension: For retirement from normal employment at age 45 with 20 years of contributions, the pension is reduced by 10%; by 5% if age 50 with 20 years of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability benefit:</span> Permanent disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor benefit:</span> Death of the insured prior to retirement.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age benefit:</span> The pension is equal to the final month's salary multiplied by the number of months of contributions, divided by 420.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is received with 35 years of contributions; 43% for 15 years.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 7,000 rials a month.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases granted to active civil servants.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age benefit:</span> The pension is equal to the final month's salary multiplied by the number of months of contributions, divided by 420.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 50% of the final total salary.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Work-related disability benefit:</span> 100% of the last total salary plus a cash lump sum of 39,000 rials.</p>
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<p>Permanent partial disability: A reduced pension and a lump sum calculated in relation to the assessed degree of disability according to the schedule of law.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Non-work-related disability benefit:</span> The maximum benefit is dependent on the number of years of contributions. The minimum benefit is the minimum wage or 50% of the final total salary, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">End-of-service payment:</span> A lump sum calculated on the basis of 9% of the last month's salary times the number of months of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases granted to active civil servants.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Work-related disability benefit:</span> For total disability, 100% of the last year's covered salary.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Non-work-related disability benefit:</span> For total disability, 50% of the final total salary or the value of the old-age pension, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>Lump-sum payment: A lump sum equal to 12% of the average final salary times the number of years of contributions, if ineligible for the work or non-work-related disability benefit but with at least 1 year of contributions.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Public- and private-sector systems:</span> The benefit is based on the insured's entitlement to either the old-age pension or the disability pension. The pension is divided equally among named survivors.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors: <span class="nobr">Spouse(s)</span>, sons, daughters, parents, brothers, sisters, and dependent nephews and nieces.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Public-sector system benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases granted to active civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Public-sector system:</span> Supervised by a board of directors, the General Authority for Pensions and Social Security administers the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Private-sector system:</span> Supervised by a tripartite board of directors, the General Corporation for Social Insurance administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>Health insurance program for public-sector employees.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1991.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Permanent employees of government agencies and all public or mixed-sector entities.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of total payroll (private-sector entities).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None, except 1% of payroll as employer (public and mixed-sector entities).</p>
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<p>Note: For additional information for Work Injury, see permanent disability benefits under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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