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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2003</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Bolivia</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 7.62 bolivianos (Bs).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956, implemented in 1959.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1996 (pensions), implemented in 1997.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Mandatory private insurance system.</p>
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<p>Notes: In 1997, all active members of the social insurance system transferred to a system of mandatory individual accounts. Contributions made under the old system are recognized and paid as part of the pension. Only those active members who were already eligible for a social insurance pension are able to retire under the old system.</p>
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<p>All residents aged 65 or older receive an annual social assistance cash benefit under the Bonosol program.</p>
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<p>This information is from 1999.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 10% of earnings for old age, plus an additional amount for disability and survivor insurance and administrative fees.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of payroll for disability insurance.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Social insurance and social assistance pensions.</p>
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<p>The maximum earnings for contribution purposes are 60 times the national minimum wage.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 65 or when the accumulated capital in the individual account, plus accrued interest, is equal to at least 70% of the last 5 years' average covered earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Younger than age 65 with between 18 months and 5 years of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased was insured.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The insured's accumulated capital (contributions plus accrued interest) is used to purchase a fixed or variable annuity.</p>
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<p>There is no guaranteed minimum pension.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 70% of average salary during the last 5 years. If the contributions period is between 18 months and 5 years, the benefit is based on the average salary of the last 12 months.</p>
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<p>An additional 10% of the last monthly salary is placed in the old-age pension account of a disabled employee who is younger than age 65 and who has at least 18 months of contributions in the last 36 months.</p>
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<p>The benefit is payable until age 65 when eligibility for the old-age pension begins.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The insured's accumulated capital in the individual account is payable to a spouse, dependents, parents, or siblings.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 70% of average earnings in the last 5 years, with at least 18 months of contributions during the last 5 years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Widow's pension:</span> 80% of the insured's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the insured's pension to each dependent child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Bs1,100.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>System of Financial Regulation provides financial supervision of program.</p>
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<p>Superintendent of Pensions administers the program.</p>
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<p>Insurance companies pay benefits.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1987, 1988, and 1998.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash and medical benefits.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All workers. (Health insurance coverage for those over age 60.)</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None. (Pensioners contribute 5% of the pension.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 10% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<p>All of the above contributions also finance temporary work injury benefits.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Two contributions before the onset of incapacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefits:</span> Four months of contributions before the start of pregnancy for cash and medical benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> One month of contributions in the preceding 2 months.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 75% of earnings, payable after a <span class="nobr">3-day</span> waiting period for up to 26 weeks; may be extended to 52 weeks if continuing medical care will prevent permanent disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 95% of earnings, payable for up to 45 days before and 45 days after the expected date of childbirth to an insured women or the insured's spouse.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Nursing and prenatal allowances:</span> See Family Allowances, below.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits include general, specialist, and preventive care; diagnostic services; surgery; hospitalization; and medicines.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits include general, specialist, and preventive care; diagnostic services; surgery; hospitalization; and medicines.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>National Health Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1987 and 1996, implemented in 1997.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All workers.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit is payable as cash sickness benefit under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 70% of the average salary during the last 5 years. If the assessed degree of disability is 25% or greater, the monthly benefit is equal to the insured's base salary times the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of between 10% and 25%, a lump sum is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include necessary medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicines, appliances, and rehabilitation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The minimum pension is 70% of average earnings in the last 5 years, with at least 18 months of contributions during the last 5 years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Widow's pension:</span> 80% of the insured's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the insured's pension to each dependent child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Bs1,100.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> National Health Fund administers the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability and survivors benefits:</span> Superintendent of Pensions administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>Labor law requires employers to grant severance pay to dismissed employees. Unemployed workers receive medical and maternity benefits for 2 months following dismissal.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1953.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1956, implemented in 1959; and 1987.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All workers.</p>
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<p>Special systems for bank employees, military personnel, drivers, miners, railroad employees, petroleum workers, and other groups of worker.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> Child must be between age 1 (when the nursing allowance ceases) and age 19 (no limit if disabled). Housing allowances are payable to married couples and single persons, with or without children. The family head must be currently working more than 15 days a month.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> A monthly allowance for each child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Housing allowance:</span> Provided to single and married workers.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Prenatal grant:</span> Milk and a cash benefit from the fifth month of pregnancy.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> One national monthly minimum wage for each birth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Nursing allowance:</span> Monthly milk allowance for each child for the <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period following birth (paid in kind).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Burial allowance:</span> One national monthly minimum wage for each child under age 19.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Housing and Economic Development provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Secretariat of Pensions, through the National Institute of Pensions, administers the program.</p>
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<p>Employers pay allowances for single and married adults directly to their employees.</p>
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