165 lines
No EOL
27 KiB
HTML
165 lines
No EOL
27 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
|
|
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
|
<title>Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 4</title>
|
|
<meta name="dc.identifier" content="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/index.html" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:contentOffice" content="ORDP:ORES" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:contentOwner" content="publications@ssa.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:coderOffice" content="ORDP:ORES:OD" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:coder" content="op.webmaster@ssa.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:dateCertified" content="2025-01-01" />
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Social Security Administration Research, Statistics, and Policy Analysis" />
|
|
<!-- STYLES & SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-/JqT3SQfawRcv/BIHPThkBvs0OEvtFFmqPF/lYI/Cxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
<link href="/framework/css/phoenix.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/policy/styles/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/policy/styles/nav-shared.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<!-- SSA INTERNET HEAD SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="/framework/js/ssa.internet.head.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"SJ-3a3bb884-f513-47e3-a86c-84bab05e21dc","rua.cook":"true","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script>
|
|
<script>!function(e){var n="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if("False"=="True")e.BOOMR_config=e.BOOMR_config||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams=e.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,n="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="LERZW-HECFS-R8H4E-23UQ7-ERMQB",function(){function e(){if(!o){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="boomr-scr-as",e.src=window.BOOMR.url,e.async=!0,i.parentNode.appendChild(e),o=!0}}function t(e){o=!0;var n,t,a,r,d=document,O=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=e?"if":"i",t=function(e,n){var t=d.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e=e||d.body,e.appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]\./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void t(i.parentNode,"boomr-async");a=document.createElement("IFRAME"),a.src="about:blank",a.title="",a.role="presentation",a.loading="eager",r=(a.frameElement||a).style,r.width=0,r.height=0,r.border=0,r.display="none",i.parentNode.appendChild(a);try{O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}catch(_){n=document.domain,a.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+n+"';void(0);",O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}if(n)d._boomrl=function(){this.domain=n,t()},d.write("<bo"+"dy onload='document._boomrl();'>");else if(O._boomrl=function(){t()},O.addEventListener)O.addEventListener("load",O._boomrl,!1);else if(O.attachEvent)O.attachEvent("onload",O._boomrl);d.close()}function a(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=12,window.BOOMR.url=n+"LERZW-HECFS-R8H4E-23UQ7-ERMQB";var i=document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o=!1,r=document.createElement("link");if(r.relList&&"function"==typeof r.relList.supports&&r.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in r)window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",r.href=window.BOOMR.url,r.rel="preload",r.as="script",r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",function(){t(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){if(!o)t(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),i.parentNode.appendChild(r);else t(!1);if(window.addEventListener)window.addEventListener("load",a,!1);else if(window.attachEvent)window.attachEvent("onload",a)}}(),"".length>0)if(e&&"performance"in e&&e.performance&&"function"==typeof e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=e.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var n="false"=="true"?1:0,t="cookiepresent",a="eyd7g6aaiaaamjqacqdfqaaaabt3mowf-f-6745eedbb-clienttons-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,o={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"1204614","ak.ai":parseInt("728289",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":3,"ak.ipv":6,"ak.proto":"h2","ak.rid":"c95ca8","ak.r":19138,"ak.a2":n,"ak.m":"dsca","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"2607:f378:40:6::","ak.cport":40614,"ak.gh":"184.50.26.202","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.3","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"","ak.t":"1739995845","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==flASvv3DVAZM0hXVr2mPoQugwHbsU8+JkGKVSSe9j37ovLUgwMr84erWNE/kGX9ACLE6U/xZlrQzuxtA9V3rwRXKQD9z8IkfCjbpctfHsuvpRHDC4JneV19983Kj04THRjyo8bGIN/NfRU6akfEaXuK49rsolMHicq05Uw3w2x7t+qJ/eZxHkSlTJ2cAhR8UT3rFUeFqKn3K4O47oiHkYObqIOxHzJbHRUcBuskcRRQdfCuhHYgHoN2ljbrPHdGuzGVrNDaZGpjgV9zz0YHq3bQSOq4YGJovbpOJrLW3eSNnZiAvd4MxVbu40R8OseOW/l/+D4MxjTNCpjJaWrKgMDyYydQ1mx28NOAhBGyKm7Vr7mTZ58g5VgDMyW0oQv5orISufxgdmIxDDnKdenXZSqGI4o/yCqHswaGlp5nZuyY=","ak.pv":"98","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)o["ak.ruds"]=t;var r={i:!1,av:function(n){var t="http.initiator";if(n&&(!n[t]||"spa_hard"===n[t]))o["ak.feo"]=void 0!==e.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(o)},rv:function(){var e=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(e)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:o,akDNSPreFetchDomain:a,init:function(){if(!r.i){var e=BOOMR.subscribe;e("before_beacon",r.av,null,null),e("onbeacon",r.rv,null,null),r.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head>
|
|
<body class="RA">
|
|
<div id="page">
|
|
<div class="bg-dark-gray accessibility" id="accessibility"><a id="skip-navigation" href="#content">Skip to main content</a></div><ssa-header class="print-hide"><noscript><header class="banner-neo" id="banner" role="banner" style="background-color: #0b4778;"><div class="banner-wrapper"><h1 class="banner-logo"><a class="banner-logo__link" href="/">Social Security</a></h1><nav class="banner-nav" id="banner-nav"><a class="banner-nav__link banner-search" href="https://search.ssa.gov/search?affiliate=ssa" title="Search" target="_blank"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 10 23 C 11.219 23 12.384 22.762 13.496 22.285 C 14.608 21.808 15.565 21.169 16.367 20.367 C 17.169 19.565 17.808 18.608 18.285 17.496 C 18.762 16.384 19 15.219 19 14 C 19 12.953 18.829 11.951 18.488 10.992 C 18.147 10.033 17.661 9.164 17.031 8.383 L 22.711 2.711 C 22.904 2.518 23 2.281 23 2 C 23 1.713 22.905 1.475 22.715 1.285 C 22.525 1.095 22.287 1 22 1 C 21.719 1 21.482 1.096 21.289 1.289 L 15.617 6.969 C 14.836 6.339 13.966 5.853 13.008 5.512 C 12.05 5.171 11.047 5 10 5 C 8.781 5 7.616 5.238 6.504 5.715 C 5.392 6.192 4.435 6.831 3.633 7.633 C 2.831 8.435 2.192 9.392 1.715 10.504 C 1.238 11.616 1 12.781 1 14 C 1 15.219 1.238 16.384 1.715 17.496 C 2.192 18.608 2.831 19.565 3.633 20.367 C 4.435 21.169 5.392 21.808 6.504 22.285 C 7.616 22.762 8.781 23 10 23 Z M 10 21 C 9.052 21 8.146 20.815 7.281 20.445 C 6.416 20.075 5.672 19.578 5.047 18.953 C 4.422 18.328 3.925 17.584 3.555 16.719 C 3.185 15.854 3 14.948 3 14 C 3 13.052 3.185 12.146 3.555 11.281 C 3.925 10.416 4.422 9.672 5.047 9.047 C 5.672 8.422 6.416 7.925 7.281 7.555 C 8.146 7.185 9.052 7 10 7 C 10.948 7 11.854 7.185 12.719 7.555 C 13.584 7.925 14.328 8.422 14.953 9.047 C 15.578 9.672 16.075 10.416 16.445 11.281 C 16.815 12.146 17 13.052 17 14 C 17 14.948 16.815 15.854 16.445 16.719 C 16.075 17.584 15.578 18.328 14.953 18.953 C 14.328 19.578 13.584 20.075 12.719 20.445 C 11.854 20.815 10.948 21 10 21 Z" transform="matrix(-1, 0, 0, -1, 24.000001, 24.000001)" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Search</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-menu" href="/menu" id="ssa-menu" title="Menu"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 5h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 6t-.293.707T21 7H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 6t.293-.707T3 5zm0 12h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 18t-.293.707T21 19H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 18t.293-.707T3 17zm0-6h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 12t-.293.707T21 13H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 12t.293-.707T3 11z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Menu</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-languages" href="/es" id="ssa-languages" title="Español" hreflang="es"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12s5.373 12 12 12c.812 0 1.604-.08 2.37-.235-.31-.147-.343-1.255-.037-1.887.34-.703 1.406-2.485.35-3.08-1.053-.6-.76-.868-1.405-1.56-.644-.692-.38-.796-.422-.974-.14-.61.62-1.523.656-1.616.035-.094.035-.446.023-.55-.012-.107-.48-.387-.597-.4-.117-.01-.176.188-.34.2-.164.012-.88-.433-1.03-.55-.154-.117-.224-.398-.435-.61-.21-.212-.235-.047-.562-.175-.327-.13-1.382-.516-2.19-.844-.81-.33-.88-.79-.892-1.114-.012-.325-.492-.797-.718-1.137-.225-.342-.267-.81-.348-.705-.082.106.422 1.336.34 1.37-.083.037-.26-.338-.493-.643-.235-.304.245-.14-.505-1.617-.75-1.476.235-2.23.282-3 .048-.77.633.28.328-.21-.304-.493.023-1.524-.21-1.9-.235-.374-1.57.423-1.57.423.034-.363 1.17-.985 1.99-1.56.82-.573 1.322-.128 1.982.083.66.21.703.142.48-.07-.222-.21.094-.316.61-.235.516.082.656.704 1.442.645.784-.06.08.152.186.35.105.2-.117.177-.633.53-.516.35.012.35.926 1.02.913.667.632-.447.538-.94-.094-.49.668-.105.668-.105.563.375.46.02.87.15.408.13 1.52 1.07 1.52 1.07-1.395.762-.516.844-.282 1.02.235.175-.48.515-.48.515-.294-.293-.34.012-.528.117-.187.105-.012.375-.012.375-.97.153-.75 1.173-.738 1.418.012.247-.62.622-.786.973-.164.35.423 1.113.117 1.16-.305.048-.61-1.148-2.25-.703-.495.134-1.593.703-1.008 1.863.585 1.16 1.558-.328 1.886-.164.33.163-.093.902-.023.913.07.012.927.033.974 1.032.048 1 1.3.914 1.57.938.27.023 1.173-.74 1.3-.774.13-.035.646-.47 1.77.175 1.126.644 1.7.55 2.086.82.387.27.117.81.48.985.365.176 1.818-.058 2.18.54.364.597-1.5 3.597-2.085 3.925-.586.328-.856 1.078-1.442 1.558-.69.563-1.418 1.076-2.18 1.535-.684.407-.807 1.137-1.112 1.367C19.984 22.52 24 17.73 24 12c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12zm2.813 11.262c-.165.047-.504.352-1.336-.14-.832-.494-1.406-.4-1.477-.48 0 0-.07-.2.293-.236.747-.072 1.688.692 1.9.704.21.012.315-.21.69-.09.375.12.094.195-.07.242zM10.887 1.196c-.082-.06.068-.128.157-.246.05-.07.013-.182.078-.246.175-.177 1.043-.423.874.058-.17.48-.98.527-1.11.434zm2.098 1.523c-.293-.013-.983-.086-.856-.212.494-.492-.188-.633-.61-.668-.423-.036-.598-.27-.388-.294.21-.024 1.055.013 1.196.13.14.117.902.422.95.644.047.223 0 .41-.293.4zm2.542-.083c-.234.188-1.413-.673-1.64-.867-.985-.844-1.513-.563-1.72-.703-.206-.142-.132-.33.184-.61.318-.282 1.21.094 1.724.152.516.058 1.113.457 1.125.93.01.474.562.91.327 1.097z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Español</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-signin" href="https://secure.ssa.gov/RIL/SiView.action" id="ssa-signin" title="Sign in" target="_blank"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.016q-.797 0-1.406-.61t-.61-1.405.61-1.405 1.406-.61 1.406.61.61 1.406-.61 1.407-1.406.61zm6 3V9.986H6v10.03h12zm-6-17.11q-1.266 0-2.18.914T8.906 6H9v2.016h6.094V6q0-1.266-.914-2.18T12 2.906zm6 5.11q.797 0 1.406.586t.61 1.383v10.03q0 .798-.61 1.384T18 21.984H6q-.797 0-1.406-.586t-.61-1.384V9.986q0-.798.61-1.384T6 8.016h.984V6q0-2.063 1.477-3.54T12 .985t3.54 1.477T17.015 6v2.016H18z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Sign in</span></a></nav></div></header></noscript></ssa-header><script src="https://www.ssa.gov/legacy/components/dist/ssa-header.js"></script>
|
|
<div id="title-bar"><h2>Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</h2></div>
|
|
<div class="rMenuBtn show-phone" id="rMenuBtn">☰ Browse publications</div>
|
|
<div id="content" role="main">
|
|
<div class="grid">
|
|
<div class="breadRSPA" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">You are here: <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Administration</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/research.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research & Analysis Archives</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Social%20Security%20Bulletin" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Bulletin</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="4" /></span> > <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 72, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 4</div>
|
|
<div class="row-12">
|
|
<div class="column-3 leftNav"><nav class="rMenu" id="rMenu" role="navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li id="RSH"><a href="/policy/index.html">Research & Statistics Home</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1a" id="RA"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Research & Analysis</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/index.html">International Update</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Issue%20Paper">Issue Papers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=ORES%20Working%20Paper"><abbr class="spell">ORES</abbr> Working Papers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Policy%20Brief">Policy Briefs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Research%20and%20Statistics%20Note">Research & Statistics Notes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Research%20Summary">Research Summaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/index.html">Social Security Bulletin</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="menu2a"><a href="/policy/research.html" title="Research and Analysis Archives">Archives</a></li>
|
|
<li class="menu2a"><a href="/policy/author-index.html">Author index</a></li>
|
|
<li class="noClick menu1a" id="SDF"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a"> <a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Current editions</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/di_asr/index.html">Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/index.html">Annual Statistical Supplement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/factsheets/cong_stats/index.html">Congressional Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/di-ssi-employment/index.html"><abbr class="spell">DI</abbr> & <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Program Participants: Characteristics & Employment</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/eedata_sc/index.html">Earnings & Employment Data..., by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/expenditures_aged/index.html">Expenditures of the Aged Chartbook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/fast_facts/index.html">Fast Facts & Figures About Social Security</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/income_aged/index.html">Income of the Aged Chartbook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/income_pop55/index.html">Income of the Population 55 or Older</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/nbs/index.html">National Beneficiary Survey: Disability Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_sc/index.html"><abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr> Beneficiaries by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_zip/index.html"><abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr> Beneficiaries by State & <abbr>ZIP</abbr> Code</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_asr/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_monthly/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Monthly Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_sc/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Recipients by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/statistics.html?type=Statistics%20at%20a%20Glance">Statistics At a Glance</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="menu2b"> <a href="/policy/statistics.html" title="Statistics Archives">Archives</a></li>
|
|
<li class="menu1b" id="PUDF"><a href="/policy/docs/data/index.html">Public-Use Data Files</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1b" id="POP"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Population Profiles</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/child-beneficiaries.html">Child Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/child-beneficiary-families.html">Child Beneficiary Families</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/fully-insured-workers.html">Fully Insured Workers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/marital-status-poverty.html">Marital Status & Poverty</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/middle-class-beneficiaries.html">Middle Class Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/never-beneficiaries.html">Never Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/tax-max-earners.html">Taxable Maximum Earners</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/veteran-beneficiaries.html">Veteran Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1b" id="PE"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Program Explainers</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/benefit-claiming-age.html">Benefit Claiming Age</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/government-pension-offset.html">Government Pension Offset</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/retirement-earnings-test.html">Retirement Earnings Test</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/scheduled-payable.html">Scheduled <abbr title="versus">vs.</abbr> Payable Benefits</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/special-minimum.html">Special Minimum Benefit</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/poverty-decline.html">Why Will Poverty Decline for Beneficiaries?</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/windfall-elimination-provision.html">Windfall Elimination Provision</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="noClick menu1a" id="PM"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Projections</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PFS"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Fact sheets</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/divorced-spousal-2050.html">By beneficiary type</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/beneficiaries-60-or-older.html">By demographic group</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PPO"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Tables</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/policy-options/index.html">Policy options/proposals</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/beneficiaries.html">Profile of beneficiaries by race & ethnicity</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/taxpayers.html">Profile of taxpayers by race & ethnicity</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav></div>
|
|
<div class="column-6">
|
|
<div id="docTitle">
|
|
<h3>Social Security Bulletin, <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 72, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 4</h3>
|
|
<div class="releaseDate">(released November 2012)</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="container-red downloadBox">
|
|
<p><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/ssb-v72n4.pdf" title="Download entire publication as PDF">Download entire publication</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/v72n4p1.html">An Overview of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the Context of Social Security and Supplemental Security Income</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by Nolan Smith-Kaprosy, Patricia P. Martin, and Kevin Whitman</div>
|
|
<p>The American Indian and Alaska Native (<abbr class="spell">AIAN</abbr>) population is understudied in a variety of policy contexts. This article compares <abbr class="spell">AIAN</abbr> socioeconomic characteristics with those of the total population, focusing on patterns of adult Social Security benefit and Supplemental Security Income receipt. The analysis takes advantage of the relatively large <abbr class="spell">AIAN</abbr> sample size provided by the <span class="nobr">2005–2009</span> American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/v72n4p11.html">Factors Affecting Initial Disability Allowance Rates for the Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income Programs: The Role of the Demographic and Diagnostic Composition of Applicants and Local Labor Market Conditions</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors"><div class="float-right"><img src="/policy/images/icons/info-22.png" alt="Information icon" style="display:inline;height:1.1em;margin-bottom:.25em"> <i><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/v72n4p11.html#errataBox">Errata</a></i></div> by Kalman Rupp</div>
|
|
<p>Various factors outside the control of decision makers may affect the rate at which disability applications are allowed or denied during the initial step of eligibility determination in the Social Security Disability Insurance (<abbr class="spell">DI</abbr>) and Supplemental Security Income (<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) programs. This article, using individual-level data on applications, focuses on the role of three important factors—the demographic characteristics of applicants, the diagnostic mix of applicants, and the local unemployment rate—in affecting the probability of an initial allowance and state allowance rates. A random sample of initial determination administrative records for the <span class="nobr">1993–2008</span> period is used for the analysis in a fixed-effects multiple regression framework. The empirical results show that the demographic and diagnostic characteristics of applicants and the local unemployment rate substantially affect the initial allowance rate. An increase in the local unemployment rate tends to be associated with a decrease in the initial allowance rate. This negative relationship holds for adult applicants in both the <abbr class="spell">DI</abbr> and <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> programs and for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> childhood applicants.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/v72n4p37.html">Mind the Gap: The Distributional Effects of Raising the Early Eligibility Age and Full Retirement Age</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by Anya Olsen</div>
|
|
<p>Policymakers have proposed increases to the early eligibility age (<abbr class="spell">EEA</abbr>) and/or full retirement age (<abbr class="spell">FRA</abbr>) to address increasing life expectancy and Social Security solvency issues. This analysis uses the Social Security Administration's Modeling Income in the Near Term (<abbr>MINT</abbr>) model to compare three retirement-age increases suggested by the Social Security Advisory Board: (1) increase the <abbr class="spell">FRA</abbr> alone, (2) increase both the <abbr class="spell">EEA</abbr> and <abbr class="spell">FRA</abbr> to maintain a <span class="nobr">4-year</span> gap between them, and (3) increase both the <abbr class="spell">EEA</abbr> and <abbr class="spell">FRA</abbr> to maintain a <span class="nobr">5-year</span> gap between them. This distributional analysis shows the impact these varying reforms would have on Social Security beneficiaries in the future.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v72n4/v72n4p47.html">How Did the Recession of <span class="nobr">2007–2009</span> Affect the Wealth and Retirement of the Near Retirement Age Population in the Health and Retirement Study?</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by Alan L. Gustman, Thomas L. Steinmeier, and Nahid Tabatabai</div>
|
|
<p>This article uses household wealth and labor market data from the Health and Retirement Study (<abbr class="spell">HRS</abbr>) to investigate how the recent "Great Recession" has affected the wealth and retirement of the Early Boomer cohort, those in the population who were just approaching retirement age at the beginning of the recession. The retirement wealth of people aged <span class="nobr">53–58</span> before the onset of the recession in 2006 declined by a relatively modest 2.8 percent by 2010. For members of older cohorts, wealth had increased by about 5 percent over a comparable age span. The wealth holdings of poorer households were least affected by the recession. Relative losses were greatest for those who initially had the highest wealth when the recession began. The retirement behavior of the Early Boomer cohort looks similar, at least to date, to the behavior observed for members of older cohorts at comparable ages.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="column-3">
|
|
<div class="sidebar"> <img src="cover.jpg" alt="issue cover" class="cover" />
|
|
<p class="ninetypercent"><abbr class="spell">ISSN</abbr>: 1937-4666</p>
|
|
<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Contact</h4>
|
|
<p><a href="mailto:ssb@ssa.gov">ssb@ssa.gov</a></p>
|
|
<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Next Expected Update</h4><p id="js-exp"></p>
|
|
<p><a class="mailIcon" href="/policy/notify/index.html">Subscribe to Updates</a></p>
|
|
<p><a class="calendarIcon" href="/policy/pub_schedule.html">Publishing Schedule</a></p>
|
|
<div id="otherIssues"></div>
|
|
<div id="otherDates"></div>
|
|
<a href="/policy/research.html?type=Social%20Security%20Bulletin">Listing of all issues</a>
|
|
<div class="container-blue"><p>The <i>Bulletin</i> welcomes submissions from outside researchers and analysts for its <a href="/policy/docs/ssb/perspectives.html">Perspectives section</a>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- END COLUMN, ROW, GRID, CONTENT -->
|
|
<ssa-footer class="print-hide"><noscript><footer class="footer" id="footer" role="contentinfo"><a href="/menu#footer">Footer menu</a></footer></noscript></ssa-footer><script src="https://www.ssa.gov/legacy/components/dist/ssa-footer.js"></script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- END PAGE CONTAINER -->
|
|
<!-- SSA INTERNET BODY SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="/framework/js/ssa.internet.body.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/policy/js/rspa.nav.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/policy/js/rspa-shared.js"></script>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |