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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/government-pension-offset.html">Government Pension Offset</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/retirement-earnings-test.html">Retirement Earnings Test</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/scheduled-payable.html">Scheduled <abbr title="versus">vs.</abbr> Payable Benefits</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/special-minimum.html">Special Minimum Benefit</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/poverty-decline.html">Why Will Poverty Decline for Beneficiaries?</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/windfall-elimination-provision.html">Windfall Elimination Provision</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="noClick menu1a" id="PM"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Projections</a></li>
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<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PFS"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Fact sheets</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/divorced-spousal-2050.html">By beneficiary type</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/beneficiaries-60-or-older.html">By demographic group</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PPO"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Tables</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/policy-options/index.html">Policy options/proposals</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/beneficiaries.html">Profile of beneficiaries by race & ethnicity</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/taxpayers.html">Profile of taxpayers by race & ethnicity</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav></div>
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<div class="column-6"> <div id="docTitle">
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<h3>Social Security Bulletin, <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 65, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 1</h3>
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<div class="releaseDate">(released May 2004)</div></div> <div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p1.html">Evaluating the Initial Impact of Eliminating the Retirement Earnings Test</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Jae G. Song</div>
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<p>How did workers aged <span class="nobr">65–69</span> respond to the removal of the retirement earnings test in 2000? Using Social Security administrative data matched with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, the author finds that the higher earners in this group increased their earnings, while the lower earners did not. The author reports an acceleration of benefit applications by workers aged <span class="nobr">65–69</span> but no clear evidence of increased employment in this age group.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p17.html">Comparing Replacement Rates Under Private and Federal Retirement Systems</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Patricia P. Martin</div>
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<p>This article presents a comparison of replacement rates for employees of medium and large private establishments to replacement rates for federal employees under the Civil Service Retirement System and the Federal Employees Retirement System. This analysis shows the possibility of replacement rates exceeding 100 percent for <abbr>FERS</abbr> employees who contribute 6 percent of earnings to the Thrift Savings Plan over a full working career. Private-sector replacement rates were quite similar for workers with both a defined benefit and a defined contribution pension plan.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p26.html">Stochastic Models of the Social Security Trust Funds</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Clark Burdick and Joyce Manchester</div>
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<p>The 2003 Trustees Report on the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds contains, for the first time, results from a stochastic model of the combined trust funds of the OASDI programs. To help interpret the new stochastic results and place them in context, the Social Security Administration's Office of Policy arranged for three external modeling groups to produce alternative stochastic results. This article demonstrates that the stochastic models deliver broadly consistent results even though they use significantly different approaches and assumptions. However, the results also demonstrate that the variation in trust fund outcomes differs as the approach and assumptions are varied.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p33.html">Lifetime Distributional Effects of Social Security Retirement Benefits</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Karen E. Smith, Eric J. Toder, and Howard M. Iams</div>
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<p>This article presents three measures of the distributional effects of Social Security benefits on actual and projected retirement income of workers born between 1931 and 1960. Microsimulations take into account marital history, the sharing of incomes and tax burdens within couples, and differences in life expectancy among subgroups of the population. More important than changes in tax rates or benefits are changes in the demographics and earnings patterns of the workforce, particularly the higher lifetime covered earnings of women. The growing share of women receiving worker benefits instead of spouse or survivor benefits, plus the increased proportion of retirees who are divorced, make Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (<abbr class="spell">OASI</abbr>) benefits more progressive, even in the face of declining net benefits.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p63.html">Executive Summary from—<i>Survey Estimates of Wealth: A Comparative Analysis and Review of the Survey of Income and Program Participation</i></a></div>
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<div class="authors">by John L. Czajka, Jonathan E. Jacobson, and Scott Cody</div>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v65n1/v65n1p70.html">Outcome Indicators</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="column-3"><div class="sidebar">
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<img src="cover.jpg" alt="issue cover" class="cover" />
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<p class="ninetypercent"><abbr class="spell">ISSN</abbr>: 1937-4666</p>
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<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Contact</h4><p><a href="mailto:ssb@ssa.gov">ssb@ssa.gov</a></p>
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<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Next Expected Update</h4><p id="js-exp"></p>
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<a href="/policy/research.html?type=Social%20Security%20Bulletin">Listing of all issues</a>
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<div class="container-blue"><p>The <i>Bulletin</i> welcomes submissions from outside researchers and analysts for its <a href="/policy/docs/ssb/perspectives.html">Perspectives section</a>.</p></div>
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