ssa-gov/www.ssa.gov/OACT/quickcalc/spouse.html

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<h1>Benefits for Spouses</h1><!-- #EndEditable -->
</td>
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</table>
<!-- #BeginEditable name="import" -->
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" summary="formatting">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="25%" class="whiteruled2-td">
<p>Eligibility requirements and benefit information</p></td>
<td class="grayruled2-td">
<p>
When a worker files for retirement benefits, the worker's spouse may be eligible for a
benefit based on the worker's earnings. Another requirement is that the spouse must
be at least age 62 or have a qualifying child in her/his care. By a qualifying child,
we mean a child who is under age 16 or who receives Social Security disability benefits.
<p>
The spousal benefit can be as much as half of the worker's
"<a href="../COLA/piaformula.html">primary insurance amount</a>,"
depending on the spouse's age at retirement. If the spouse begins receiving benefits
before "<a href="../ProgData/nra.html">normal (or full) retirement age</a>,"
the spouse will receive a reduced benefit. However, if a spouse is caring
for a qualifying child, the spousal benefit is <i>not</i> reduced.
</p>
<p>If a spouse is eligible for a retirement benefit based on his or her own earnings,
and if that benefit is higher than the spousal benefit, then we pay the
retirement benefit. Otherwise we pay the spousal benefit.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="25%" class="whiteruled2-td">
<p><a name="calculator">Compute the effect of early retirement for spouses</a>
who do not have a qualifying child in their care</td>
<td class="grayruled2-td">
<p>
If you enter your date of birth and the effective month for which you would
like to begin receiving benefits, we will tell you the effect of early retirement
on your spousal benefit as a percentage of the worker's primary insurance amount.
(Please note that benefits are generally paid in the
month following the effective month.)
<form name="age">
<blockquote><p>Enter your date of birth
(<label for="month">month</label>/<label for="day">day</label>/<label for="year">year</label> format):<br />
<input type="text" name="month" size="1" maxlength="2" id="month" value="6">/
<input type="text" name="day" size="1" maxlength="2" id="day" value="15">/
<input type="text" name="year" size="3" maxlength="4" id="year" value="1960">
</p>
<p>Enter the effective month and year for which you would like to begin receiving benefits:<br />
<input type="text" name="drawmon" size="1" maxlength="2" id="drawmon" value="6">/
<input type="text" name="drawyr" size="3" maxlength="4" id="drawyr" value="2025">
<b><small>(You must be at least age 62 to begin receiving benefits.)</small></b>
<p><input name="button" type="button" onclick="calc();" value="Compute">
</blockquote>
<p><label for="new">You will reach normal retirement age</label>
in <input type="text" readOnly size="14" maxlength="14" name="nrastring" id="new">.<br />
Effect of the retirement choice on your benefit:<br /><label for="output">
<textarea readOnly rows="6" cols="60" name="textoutput" wrap="virtual" id="output">
</textarea></label>
</form>
<script language="JavaScript">
var message = '';
var birthyear = 0;
var birthmonth = 0;
var birthday = 0;
var drawmonth = 0;
var drawyear = 0;
var months = ['January','February','March','April','May','June','July',
'August','September','October','November','December'];
function calc() {
message = '';
var check1 = birthCheck();
var check2 = true;
if (check1) {
check2 = drawCheck();
}
if (check1 && check2) {
if (birthday == 1) {
birthday = 30;
birthmonth--;
if (birthmonth == 0) {
birthmonth = 12;
birthyear--;
}
}
var nra99 = nra(birthyear,birthmonth); // # of months after 1999 when attains NRA
var desire99 = desire(); // # of months after 1999 for specified retirement month
var age62mon = nra99 - (birthmonth + (birthyear + 62 - 1999)*12);
var minage = 62;
if (birthday != 2) {
age62mon--;
minage = '62 and one month';
}
var age70mon = birthmonth + (birthyear + 70 - 1999)*12 - nra99;
var delta = desire99 - nra99;
var nummon = Math.abs(delta); // number of months relative to NRA
var correction = '';
var str1 = 'You choose to receive benefits ';
var str2 = ' normal retirement age. ';
var str3 = ' Your benefit will be ';
var str4 = ' percent of the worker\'s primary insurance amount.';
var change = 0;
var relative = 'when';
if (delta < 0) {
relative = nummon + ' months before';
if (nummon > age62mon) {
nummon = age62mon;
correction = ' However, you can not start benefits before age '+minage;
correction += ', when your benefit will be reduced for '+age62mon;
correction += ' months of early retirement. ';
}
if (nummon > 36) { change = 25 + (nummon - 36) * 5 / 12; }
else { change = nummon * 25 / 36; }
change = 100 - Math.floor(change * 100 + .5) / 100;
change = Math.floor(change * 50 + .5) / 100;
} else if (delta > 0) {
relative = nummon + ' months after';
change = 50;
} else {
change = 50;
}
message = str1 + relative + str2 + correction + str3 + change + str4;
}
document.age.textoutput.value = message;
}
function birthCheck() {
var date_format = /^(\d{1,4})$/;
var matchArray = document.age.year.value.match(date_format);
if (matchArray == null) {
message = 'Your birth year is entered in a wrong format. Please check to make sure you ';
message += 'have not entered any extra spaces or symbols.';
return false;
}
birthyear = parseInt(matchArray[1], 10);
if (birthyear < 100) {
birthyear += 1900;
}
matchArray = document.age.month.value.match(date_format);
if (matchArray == null) {
message = 'Your birth month is entered in a wrong format. Please check to make sure you ';
message += 'have not entered any extra spaces or symbols.';
return false;
}
birthmonth = parseInt(matchArray[1], 10);
matchArray = document.age.day.value.match(date_format);
if (matchArray == null) {
message = 'Your birth day is entered in a wrong format. Please check to make sure you ';
message += 'have not entered any extra spaces or symbols.';
return false;
}
birthday = parseInt(matchArray[1], 10);
if (birthyear < 1917) {
message = "Birth year must be 1917 or later.";
return false;
}
if (birthday < 1 || birthday > 31) {
message = 'Birth day must be between 1 and 31.';
return false;
}
if (birthmonth < 1 || birthmonth > 12) { // check month range
message = 'Birth month must be between 1 and 12.';
return false;
}
if (birthday == 31 && (birthmonth == 4 || birthmonth == 6 ||
birthmonth == 9 || birthmonth == 11)) {
message = months[birthmonth - 1] + " doesn't have 31 days!";
return false;
}
if (birthmonth == 2) { // check for february 29th
if ((birthday == 29 && !isleap(birthyear)) || birthday > 29) {
message = "February " + birthyear + " doesn't have " + birthday +
" days!";
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
function drawCheck() {
var date_format = /^(\d{1,4})$/;
var matchArray = document.age.drawyr.value.match(date_format);
if (matchArray == null) {
message = 'Your retirement year is entered in a wrong format. Please check to make ';
message += 'sure you have not entered any extra spaces or symbols.';
return false;
}
drawyear = parseInt(matchArray[1], 10);
if (drawyear < 100) {
drawyear += 2000;
}
matchArray = document.age.drawmon.value.match(date_format);
if (matchArray == null) {
message = 'Your retirement month is entered in a wrong format. Please check to make ';
message += 'sure you have not entered any extra spaces or symbols.';
return false;
}
drawmonth = parseInt(matchArray[1], 10);
if (drawyear <= birthyear) { // check year range
message = 'Retirement year must be after birth year.';
return false;
}
if (drawmonth < 1 || drawmonth > 12) { // check month range
message = 'Retirement month must be between 1 and 12.';
return false;
}
return true;
}
function isleap( year ) {
return (year % 4 == 0 && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0));
}
function desire() {
return drawmonth + (drawyear - 1999)*12;
}
function nra(yob,mob) { // computes number of months of early or late retirement
var nrayr = 65;
var nramon = 0;
if (yob >= 1943 && yob <= 1954) { nrayr = 66 }
if (yob > 1959) { nrayr = 67 }
var transition = [1938,6502,1939,6504,1940,6506,1941,6508,1942,6510,1955,6602,1956,6604,1957,6606,1958,6608,1959,6610];
if ((yob > 1937 && yob < 1943) || (yob > 1954 && yob < 1960)) {
var index = 1;
for (var i = 0; i < 20; i+=2) {
if (transition[i] == yob) { index = i + 1 }
}
var tmp = String(transition[index]);
nramon = Number(tmp.substr(2,2));
nrayr = Number(tmp.substr(0,2));
}
nrayr += yob;
nramon += mob;
if (nramon > 12) {
nramon -= 12;
nrayr++;
}
document.age.nrastring.value = months[nramon - 1] + ' ' + String(nrayr);
return nramon + (nrayr - 1999)*12;
}
</script>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="25%" class="whiteruled-td">
<p><a name="early">Early retirement reduces benefits</a></p></td>
<td class="grayruled-td">
<p>A spouse can choose to retire as early as age 62, but
doing so may result in a benefit as little as 32.5 percent of the worker's
primary insurance amount. A spousal benefit is reduced 25/36 of one
percent for each month before normal retirement age, up to 36 months.
If the number of months exceeds 36, then the benefit is
further reduced 5/12 of one percent per month. </p>
<p>
For a spouse who is not entitled to benefits on his or her own earnings record, this reduction factor is applied to the base spousal benefit, which is 50 percent of
the worker's primary insurance amount.
For example, if the worker's primary insurance amount is $1,600
and the worker's spouse chooses to begin receiving benefits 36 months before his or her
normal retirement age, we first take 50 percent of $1,600 to get an $800 base spousal
benefit. Then we compute the reduction factor, which is 36 times 25/36 of one percent, or
25 percent. Applying a 25 percent reduction to the $800 amount gives a spousal benefit
of $600. Thus, in this case, the final spousal benefit is 37.5 percent of the primary
insurance amount.</p>
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