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<div id="title-bar"><h2>Social Security History</h2></div>
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<div class="archive"><div class="content-wrapper pad-left no-top-padding no-bottom-padding">This is an archival or historical document and may not reflect current policies or procedures.</div></div>
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<h3> MESSAGE TO CONGRESS REVIEWING THE BROAD OBJECTIVES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE ADMINISTRATION. JUNE 8, 1934.</h3>
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<p>You are completing a work begun in March
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1933, which will be regarded for a long time as a splendid
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justification of the vitality of representative government.
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I greet you and express once more my appreciation of the
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cooperation which has proved so effective. Only a small
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number of the items of our program remain to be enacted
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and I am confident that you will pass on them before adjournment.
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Many other pending measures are sound in conception, but
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must, for lack of time or of adequate information, be
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deferred to the session of the next Congress. In the meantime,
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we can well seek to adjust many of these measures into
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certain larger plans of governmental policy for the future
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of the Nation.</P>
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<P align="left">You and I, as the responsible directors
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of these policies and actions, may, with good reason,
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look to the future with confidence, just as we may look
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to the past fifteen months with reasonable satisfaction.</P>
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<P align="left">On the side of relief we have extended material
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aid to millions of our fellow citizens.</P>
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<P align="left">On the side of recovery we have helped to
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lift agriculture and industry from a condition of utter
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Prostration.</P>
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<P align="left">But, in addition to these immediate tasks
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of relief and of recovery we have properly, necessarily
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and with overwhelming approval determined to safeguard
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these tasks by rebuilding many of the structures of our
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economic life and reorganizing it in order to prevent
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a recurrence of collapse.</P>
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<P align="left">It is childish to speak of recovery first
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and reconstruction afterward. In the very nature of the
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processes of recovery we must avoid the destructive influences
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of the past. We have shown the world that democracy has
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within it the elements necessary to its own salvation.</P>
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<P align="left">Less hopeful countries where the ways of
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democracy are very new may revert to the autocracy of
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yesterday. The American people can be trusted to decide
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wisely upon the measures taken by the Government to eliminate
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the abuses of the past and to proceed in the direction
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of the greater good for the greater number.</P>
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<P align="left">Our task of reconstruction does not require
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the creation of new and strange values. It is rather the
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finding of the way once more to known, but to some degree
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forgotten, ideals and values. If the means and details
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are in some instances new, the objectives are as permanent
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as human nature.</P>
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<P align="left">Among our objectives I place the security
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of the men, women and children of the Nation first.</P>
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<P align="left">This security for the individual and for
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the family concerns itself primarily with three factors.
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People want decent homes to live in; they want to locate
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them where they can engage in productive work; and they
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want some safeguard against misfortunes which cannot be
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wholly eliminated in this man-made world of ours.</P>
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<P align="left">In a simple and primitive civilization homes
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were to be had for the building. The bounties of nature
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in a new land provided crude but adequate food and shelter.
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When land failed, our ancestors moved on to better land.
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It was always possible to push back the frontier, but
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the frontier has now disappeared. Our task involves the
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making of a better living out of the lands that we have.</P>
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<P align="left">So, also, security was attained in the earlier
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days through the interdependence of members of families
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upon each other and of the families within a small community
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upon each other. The complexities of great communities
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and of organized industry make less real these simple
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means of security. Therefore, we are compelled to employ
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the active interest of the Nation as a whole through government
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in order to encourage a greater security for each individual
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who composes it.</P>
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<P align="left">With the full cooperation of the Congress
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we have already made a serious attack upon the problem
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of housing in our great cities. Millions of dollars have
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been appropriated for housing projects by Federal and
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local authorities, often with the generous assistance
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of private owners. The task thus begun must be pursued
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for many years to come. There is ample private money for
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sound housing projects; and the Congress, in a measure
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now before you, can stimulate the lending of money for
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the modernization of existing homes and the building of
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new homes. In pursuing this policy we are working toward
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the ultimate objective of making it possible for American
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families to live as Americans should.</P>
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<P align="left">In regard to the second factor, economic
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circumstances and the forces of nature themselves dictate
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the need of constant thought as the means by which a wise
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Government may help the necessary readjustment of the
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population. We cannot fail to act when hundreds of thousands
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of families live where there is no reasonable prospect
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of a living in the years to come. This is especially a
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national problem. Unlike most of the leading Nations of
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the world, we have so far failed to create a national
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policy for the development of our land and water resources
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and for their better use by those people who cannot make
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a living in their present positions. Only thus can we
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permanently eliminate many millions of people from the
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relief rolls on which their names are now found.</P>
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<P align="left">The extent of the usefulness of our great
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natural inheritance of land and water depends on our mastery
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of it. We are now so organized that science and invention
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have given us the means of more extensive and effective
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attacks upon the problems of nature than ever before.
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We have learned to utilize water power, to reclaim deserts,
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to recreate forests and to redirect the flow of population.
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Until recently we have proceeded almost it random, making
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mistakes.</P>
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<P align="left">These are many illustrations of the necessity
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for such planning. Some sections of the Northwest and
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Southwest which formerly existed as grazing land, were
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spread over with a fair crop of grass. On this land the
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water table lay a dozen or twenty feet below the surface,
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and newly arrived settlers put this land under the plow.
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Wheat was grown by dry farming methods. But in many of
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these places today the water table under the land has
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dropped to fifty or sixty feet below the surface and the
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top soil in dry seasons is blown away like driven snow.
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Falling rain, in the absence of grass roots, filters through
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the soil, runs off the surface, or is quickly reabsorbed
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into the atmosphere. Many million acres of such land must
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be restored to grass or trees if we are to prevent a new
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and man-made Sahara.</P>
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|
<P align="left">At the other extreme, there are regions
|
|
originally arid, which have been generously irrigated
|
|
by human engineering. But in some of these places the
|
|
hungry soil has not only absorbed the water necessary
|
|
to produce magnificent crops, but so much more water that
|
|
the water table has now risen to the point of saturation,
|
|
thereby threatening the future crops upon which many families
|
|
depend.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">Human knowledge is great enough today to
|
|
give us assurance of success in carrying through the abandonment
|
|
of many millions of acres for agricultural use and the
|
|
replacing of these acres with others on which at least
|
|
a living can be earned.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">The rate of speed that we can usefully employ
|
|
in this attack on impossible social and economic conditions
|
|
must be determined by business-like procedure. It would
|
|
be absurd to undertake too many projects at once or to
|
|
do a patch of work here and another there without finishing
|
|
the whole of an individual project. Obviously, the Government
|
|
cannot undertake national projects in every one of the
|
|
435 Congressional districts, or even in every one of the
|
|
48 States. The magnificent conception of national realism
|
|
and national needs that this Congress has built up has
|
|
not only set an example of large vision for all time,
|
|
but has almost consigned to oblivion our ancient habit
|
|
of pork-barrel legislation; to that we cannot and must
|
|
not revert. When the next Congress convenes I hope to
|
|
be able to present to it a carefully considered national
|
|
plan, covering the development and the human use of our
|
|
natural resources of land and water over a long period
|
|
of years.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">In considering the cost of such a program
|
|
it must be clear to all of us that for many years to come
|
|
we shall be engaged in the task of rehabilitating many
|
|
hundreds of thousands of our American families. In so
|
|
doing we shall be decreasing future costs for the direct
|
|
relief of destitution. I hope that it will be possible
|
|
for the Government to adopt as a clear policy to be carried
|
|
out over a long period, the appropriation of a large,
|
|
definite, annual sum so that work may proceed year after
|
|
year not under the urge of temporary expediency, but in
|
|
pursuance of the well-considered rounded objective.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">The third factor relates to security against
|
|
the hazards and vicissitudes of life. Fear and worry based
|
|
on unknown danger contribute to social unrest and economic
|
|
demoralization. If, as our Constitution tells us, our
|
|
Federal Government was established among other things,
|
|
"to promote the general welfare," it is our
|
|
plain duty to provide for that security upon which welfare
|
|
depends.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">Next winter we may well undertake the great
|
|
task of furthering the security of the citizen and his
|
|
family through social insurance.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">This is not an untried experiment. Lessons
|
|
of experience are available from States, from industries
|
|
and from many Nations of the civilized world. The various
|
|
types of social insurance are interrelated; and I think
|
|
it is difficult to attempt to solve them piecemeal. Hence,
|
|
I am looking for a sound means which I can recommend to
|
|
provide at once security against several of the great
|
|
disturbing factors in life--especially those which relate
|
|
to unemployment and old age. I believe there should be
|
|
a maximum of cooperation between States and the Federal
|
|
Government. I believe that the funds necessary to provide
|
|
this insurance should be raised by contribution rather
|
|
than by an increase in general taxation. Above all, I
|
|
am convinced that social insurance should be national
|
|
in scope, although the several States should meet at least
|
|
a large portion of the cost of management, leaving to
|
|
the Federal Government the responsibility of investing,
|
|
maintaining and safeguarding the funds constituting the
|
|
necessary insurance reserves. I have commenced to make,
|
|
with the greatest of care, the necessary actuarial and
|
|
other studies for the formulation of plans for the consideration
|
|
of the 74th Congress.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">These three great objectives the security
|
|
of the home, the security of livelihood, and the security
|
|
of social insurance--are, it seems to me, a minimum of
|
|
the promise that we can offer to the American people.
|
|
They constitute a right which belongs to every individual
|
|
and every family willing to work. They are the essential
|
|
fulfillment of measures already taken toward relief, recovery
|
|
and reconstruction.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">This seeking for a greater measure of welfare
|
|
and happiness does not indicate a change in values. It
|
|
is rather a return to values lost in the course of our
|
|
economic development and expansion.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">Ample scope is left for the exercise of
|
|
private initiative. In fact, in the process of recovery,
|
|
I am greatly hoping that repeated promises of private
|
|
investment and private initiative to relieve the Government
|
|
in the immediate future of much of the burden it has assumed,
|
|
will be fulfilled. We have not imposed undue restrictions
|
|
upon business. We have not opposed the incentive of reasonable
|
|
and legitimate private profit. We have sought rather to
|
|
enable certain aspects of business to regain the confidence
|
|
of the public. We have sought to put forward the rule
|
|
of fair play in finance and industry.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">It is true that there are a few among us
|
|
who would still go back. These few offer no substitute
|
|
for the gains already made, nor any hope for making future
|
|
gains for human happiness. They loudly assert that individual
|
|
liberty is being restricted by Government, but when they
|
|
are asked what individual liberties they have lost, they
|
|
are put to it to answer.</P>
|
|
<P align="left">We must dedicate ourselves anew to a recovery
|
|
of the old and sacred possessive rights for which mankind
|
|
has constantly struggled homes, livelihood, and individual
|
|
security. The road to these values is the way of progress.
|
|
Neither you nor I will rest content until we have done
|
|
our utmost to move further on that road.</p>
|
|
|
|
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