nist-gov/www.nist.gov/topic-terms/time-and-frequency-metrology
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</h2>
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>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-113eee6df9e9a4c18f2bddbef86fed2be185e524b1a3e0e2e083fe3846bedb05">
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<article
about="/news-events/news/2025/01/spotlight-alejandra-collopy-and-atomic-clocks" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/01/spotlight-alejandra-collopy-and-atomic-clocks" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/01/13/DSC02047.jpg?itok=8xAUvcwo" width="100" height="67" alt="Alejandra Collopy wears safety glasses as she works the lab. She is surrounded by various pieces of equipment and many hanging wires. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2025/01/spotlight-alejandra-collopy-and-atomic-clocks"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Alejandra Collopy and Atomic Clocks</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-13T12:00:00Z">January 13, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> NIST researcher Alejandra Collopy is working to add another piece of timely feedback to help our ensemble of clocks perform at their best 24/7.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2024/12/nist-offers-new-calibration-service-wavemeters" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/12/nist-offers-new-calibration-service-wavemeters" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/12/23/wavemeter%20image%20of%20Costa%20Rican%20metrologist.jpg?itok=R6qlmZup" width="100" height="75" alt="Johnny Jiménez" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/12/nist-offers-new-calibration-service-wavemeters"><span property="schema:name">NIST Offers New Calibration Service for Wavemeters</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-12-23T12:00:00Z">December 23, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> For more than three decades, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has calibrated the wavelengths of lasers used in industry, academia, and
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2024/06/some-bumps-nist-scientists-devise-novel-way-extend-wavelength-range" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/06/some-bumps-nist-scientists-devise-novel-way-extend-wavelength-range" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/05/17/pump-laser.png?itok=XAII5XDj" width="100" height="100" alt="pump laser illustration" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/06/some-bumps-nist-scientists-devise-novel-way-extend-wavelength-range"><span property="schema:name">With Some Bumps, NIST Scientists Devise a Novel Way to Extend the Wavelength Range of Microcombs</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-06-05T12:00:00Z">June 5, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Microcombs chip-scale devices that generate and measure frequencies of light with exquisite accuracy have transformed timekeeping and boosted optical
</div>
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div>
</h2>
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<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-27bfa83a682d67dd2b6a19035a69933259dcc8ccaa6ac93ebd07ba19ab77ac88">
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<article
about="/programs-projects/phase-and-amplitude-noise-metrology" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/phase-and-amplitude-noise-metrology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/06/29/W-band.jpg?itok=KlZNdCAx" width="100" height="67" alt="Measurement device for signals in the W band (75-110 GHz)" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/phase-and-amplitude-noise-metrology"><span>Phase and Amplitude Noise Metrology</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
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</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The group provides high-precision measurement of electromagnetic signals in the radio-frequency, microwave and optical range. These measurements include phase noise, amplitude noise and perturbations due to vibration and temperature. Such precision measurements support high-value applications such
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<article
about="/programs-projects/field-programmable-gate-array-fpga-designs-metrology" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/field-programmable-gate-array-fpga-designs-metrology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/06/30/Time_and_Frequency_Metrology_Grp_FPGA_Design.png?itok=4jbJefIp" width="100" height="57" alt="Web interface to control and monitor the servo with interactive blocks" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/field-programmable-gate-array-fpga-designs-metrology"><span>Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Designs for Metrology</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Until recently, the precision measurement of phase noise, spectral purity, and related quantities had been a challenging process, with only a handful of qualified experts in the world. However, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based measurement systems, similar to software defined radio (SDR)
</div>
</div>
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<article
about="/programs-projects/low-phase-noise-frequency-synthesis" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/low-phase-noise-frequency-synthesis" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/07/02/5_MHz_4_6.jpg?itok=e2Y7Qkmw" width="100" height="73" alt="5 MHz Graph of phase noise vs. offset frequency showing NIST synthesized signal, Wenzel OXCO, and BVA oscilloquartz." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/low-phase-noise-frequency-synthesis"><span>Low-Phase Noise Frequency Synthesis</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Frequency synthesis plays an essential role in virtually all present-day commercial, industrial, and military technologies. State-of-the-art low-noise frequency synthesis is a crucial technical asset to high-resolution imaging and radar, high-speed telecommunications, and efficient management of the
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/programs-projects/phase-and-amplitude-noise-calibration-services" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/phase-and-amplitude-noise-calibration-services" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/07/02/102040GHz%20noise%20standard-6%20copy_1.jpg?itok=ZSkeDlaQ" width="100" height="29" alt="Image of AM/PM Noise Calibration Standard device made by NIST" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/phase-and-amplitude-noise-calibration-services"><span>Phase and Amplitude Noise Calibration Services</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The primary responsibility of the Phase Noise Metrology Group is to develop and provide calibration services for industrial, military, and commercial organizations to support the core mission of NIST. The PM and AM noise measurements require traceability and certification of devices such as phase
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Publications</div>
</h2>
<div
class="nist-block "
>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-d7a96572c1b0cc72f22ba97a742e728c40c7ae5447414d8e10f8d2ac542b4937">
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<article
about="/publications/time-transfer-performance-broadcast-positioning-system-bps" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/time-transfer-performance-broadcast-positioning-system-bps"><span>Time transfer performance of Broadcast Positioning System (BPS)</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-28T12:00:00Z">January 28, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item">Tariq Mondal, <span class="nist-author">Jeffrey Sherman</span>, <span class="nist-author">David Howe</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most prevalent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that provides Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT). GNSS
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/wavemeter-calibration-frequency-comb" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/wavemeter-calibration-frequency-comb"><span>Wavemeter calibration by frequency comb</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-11-07T12:00:00Z">November 7, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Patrick Egan</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Upgrades to the vacuum-wavelength calibration service at NIST are reported. The instrumentation centerpiece is an optical frequency comb tied to a GPS
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
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<article
about="/publications/direct-digital-simultaneous-phase-amplitude-noise-and-allan-deviation-measurement" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/direct-digital-simultaneous-phase-amplitude-noise-and-allan-deviation-measurement"><span>Direct Digital Simultaneous Phase-Amplitude Noise and Allan Deviation Measurement System</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-10-28T12:00:00Z">October 28, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Marco Pomponio</span>, <span class="nist-author">Archita Hati</span>, <span class="nist-author">Craig Nelson</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> In this paper, we present a direct digital measurement system capable of simultaneously measuring phase noise, amplitude noise, and Allan deviation with and
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/foundry-manufacturing-octave-spanning-microcombs" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/foundry-manufacturing-octave-spanning-microcombs"><span>Foundry manufacturing of octave-spanning microcombs</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-09-06T12:00:00Z">September 6, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Jizhao Zang</span>, <span class="nist-author">Haixin Liu</span>, <span class="nist-author">Travis Briles</span>, <span class="nist-author">Scott Papp</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Soliton microcombs provide a chip-based, octave-spanning source for self-referencing and optical metrology. We use a silicon nitride integrated photonics
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Awards</div>
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about="/awards/2022-breakthrough-prize-fundamental-physics-jun-ye" class="nist-teaser"
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2022-breakthrough-prize-fundamental-physics-jun-ye"><span>2022 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics - Jun Ye</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-long"> Ye has been a physicist at JILA, a joint institute of NIST and the University of Colorado Boulder, for more than 20 years. The prize
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about="/awards/2020-w-g-cady-award-craig-nelson" class="nist-teaser"
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2020-w-g-cady-award-craig-nelson"><span>2020 W. G. Cady Award - Craig Nelson</span>
</a></h3>
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<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-long"> For leadership in the design and development of state-of-the-art low noise oscillators and phase noise measurement systems. Learn More
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<article
about="/awards/2015-allen-v-astin-award-david-howe-craig-nelson-and-archita-hati" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2015-allen-v-astin-award-david-howe-craig-nelson-and-archita-hati"><span>2015 Allen V. Astin Award - David A. Howe, Craig Nelson, and Archita Hati</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-long"> For developing a world-leading program of phase noise research and measurement services to support industry and national priorities.
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</article>
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about="/awards/2013-w-g-cady-award-david-howe" class="nist-teaser"
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2013-w-g-cady-award-david-howe"><span>2013 W. G. Cady Award - David Howe</span>
</a></h3>
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<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-long"> For the analysis, design, and development of low noise, vibration-immune, and frequency stable frequency control devices.
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