nist-gov/www.nist.gov/topic-terms/metals
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class="nist-block "
>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-528bde4b38a0b413f0085fff0a9d95aa463a03267d24e2070fc4e5541593b3e7">
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2024/03/spotlight-test-instrument-puts-materials-under-forces-high-speeds-mimic" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/03/spotlight-test-instrument-puts-materials-under-forces-high-speeds-mimic" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/03/20/DSC_2581.jpg?itok=deDoUeWA" width="67" height="100" alt="An elongated test instrument with steel cylinders that rapidly heats and applies force to a material." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/03/spotlight-test-instrument-puts-materials-under-forces-high-speeds-mimic"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Test Instrument Puts Materials Under Forces at High Speeds to Mimic Many Instantaneous Situations in the Real World</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-03-16T12:00:00Z">March 16, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> This elongated test instrument, the first of its kind in the world, puts materials under two extreme conditions in fractions of seconds.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2023/10/spotlight-unfortunate-origin-nist-metal-toughness-program-still-going" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2023/10/spotlight-unfortunate-origin-nist-metal-toughness-program-still-going" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/10/20/TankerSchenectady.jpg?itok=3QbLwtjz" width="100" height="78" alt="Historical newspaper photo shows a large ship in port with a crack down the center, splitting it almost in half. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2023/10/spotlight-unfortunate-origin-nist-metal-toughness-program-still-going"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: The Unfortunate Origin of a NIST Metal Toughness Program Still Going Strong</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-10-19T12:00:00Z">October 19, 2023</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> A series of catastrophic failures in U.S. ships during World War II prompted the start of a program still in existence and going strong at NIST.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2023/05/spotlight-searching-3d-printed-titaniums-breaking-point-jake-benzing" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2023/05/spotlight-searching-3d-printed-titaniums-breaking-point-jake-benzing" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/06/09/DSC_1303-2.jpg?itok=kbpRbR5g" width="100" height="100" alt="Jake Benzing wears safety glasses as he bends over to adjust piece of scientific equipment in the lab." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2023/05/spotlight-searching-3d-printed-titaniums-breaking-point-jake-benzing"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Searching for 3D-Printed Titaniums Breaking Point With Jake Benzing</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-05-24T12:00:00Z">May 24, 2023</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> We have researchers who break stuff so that others can live their lives without stuff breaking down prematurely.
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div>
</h2>
<div
class="nist-block "
>
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<article
about="/programs-projects/multifunctional-3d-printable-polymer-metal-composites" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/multifunctional-3d-printable-polymer-metal-composites" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/09/28/Multifunctional%20AM%20Project%20Page.jpg?itok=ly1a-0JF" width="87" height="100" alt="Multifunctional AM Project Page" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/multifunctional-3d-printable-polymer-metal-composites"><span>Multifunctional 3D Printable Polymer-Metal Composites</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) have positioned metals and polymers as two key materials. Typically, AM of these two materials involves incompatible methods and conditions. The novel multifunctional polymer-metal composites in this project incorporate low-melting alloys with
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
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<article
about="/programs-projects/atomistic-tools-structure-property-investigations" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/atomistic-tools-structure-property-investigations"><span>Atomistic tools for structure-property investigations</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Interatomic Potential Repository The Interatomic Potentials Repository (IPR) provides a source for interatomic potentials (force fields), related files, and evaluation tools to help researchers obtain interatomic models and judge their quality and applicability. The files provided are of known
</div>
</div>
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</article>
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<article
about="/programs-projects/microstructure-property-tools-structure-property-design" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/microstructure-property-tools-structure-property-design"><span>Microstructure-Property Tools for Structure-Property Design</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Microstructure-level Structure-Property Tools OOF: Finite Element Analysis of Microstructures enables materials scientists calculate macroscopic properties from images of real or simulated microstructures. It reads an image, assigns material properties to features in the image, and conducts virtual
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
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<article
about="/programs-projects/developing-materials-innovation-infrastructure" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/developing-materials-innovation-infrastructure"><span>Developing a Materials Innovation Infrastructure</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--green boolean">Completed</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Phase Field Community Hub ( PFHub) and Benchmarks The Phase Field Community Hub provides a framework that supports phase field practitioners and code developers participating in an effort to improve quality assurance for phase field codes. The main thrust of this effort is the generation of a set of
</div>
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<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default">
<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Publications</div>
</h2>
<div
class="nist-block "
>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-8419f66a244731d2004b3430d7c14cbba8d0389a6b9d93505fb103958dc15fb7">
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<article
about="/publications/insights-grain-refinement-al-mn-fe-si-alloy-situ-reaction-during-laser-direct-energy" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/insights-grain-refinement-al-mn-fe-si-alloy-situ-reaction-during-laser-direct-energy"><span>Insights on grain refinement of Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloy via in situ reaction during laser direct energy deposition</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-02T12:00:00Z">February 2, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item">Qingyu Pan, <span class="nist-author">Fan Zhang</span>, Deepak Vikraman Pillai, Zilong Zhang, Yufeng Zheng, Lang Yuan, Monica Kapoor, John Carsley, Xiaoyuan Lou</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> In the present work, we studied the grain refinement by adding in situ reactants, pure titanium (Ti) or a combination of Ti and boron (B), and investigated the
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/correlating-titanium-powder-manufacturing-methods-and-resultant-particle-morphologies" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/correlating-titanium-powder-manufacturing-methods-and-resultant-particle-morphologies"><span>Correlating Titanium Powder Manufacturing Methods and Resultant Particle Morphologies to Microstructural Properties, Particle Flight and Impact Velocity, and Bonding and Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-23T12:00:00Z">January 23, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item">Pranav Anumandla, Carlos Faggi, Sinan Muftu, <span class="nist-author">Edward Garboczi</span>, <span class="nist-author">Newell Moser</span>, Rachel Cook, <span class="nist-author">Nicholas Derimow</span>, Ozan Ozdemir</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Unlike high temperature thermal spray processes and metal additive manufacturing methods that require extensive heat treatment, native particle microstructural
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/three-dimensional-nucleation-and-growth-deformation-twins-magnesium" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/three-dimensional-nucleation-and-growth-deformation-twins-magnesium"><span>Three-dimensional nucleation and growth of deformation twins in magnesium</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-12-21T12:00:00Z">December 21, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item">Sangwon Lee, Michael Pilipchuk, Can Yildirim, Duncan Greeley, Qianying Shi, Tracy Berman, <span class="nist-author">Adam Creuziger</span>, <span class="nist-author">Evan Rust</span>, Carsten Detlefs, Veera Sundararaghavan, John Allison, Ashley Bucsek</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> At two-thirds the weight of aluminum, magnesium alloys have the potential to significantly reduce the fuel consumption of transportation vehicles. These
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/heterogeneous-deformation-built-nickel-alloy-625-checkered-columnar-grains-different" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/heterogeneous-deformation-built-nickel-alloy-625-checkered-columnar-grains-different"><span>Heterogeneous Deformation of AsBuilt Nickel Alloy 625 with Checkered Columnar Grains at Different Strain Rates (AMB202204)</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-11-20T12:00:00Z">November 20, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Saadi Habib</span>, <span class="nist-author">James Zuback</span>, <span class="nist-author">Jordan Weaver</span>, <span class="nist-author">Steven P. Mates</span>, <span class="nist-author">Lyle E. Levine</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM Bench) provides comprehensive measurement data for additive manufacturing (AM) simulations and modeling. As
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="margin-y-4">
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Software</div>
</h2>
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class="nist-block "
>
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about="/services-resources/software/holografree" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/services-resources/software/holografree" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/mml/msed/functional_nanostructure/nbfluxon_1.jpg?itok=1p6Rz4Ry" width="100" height="100" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/services-resources/software/holografree"><span>HolograFREE</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> An electron hologram is a fringe modulated image containing the amplitude and phase information of an electron transparent object. The HolograFREE routines
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Tools and Instruments</div>
</h2>
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class="nist-block "
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about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-measurement-system" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-measurement-system" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/06/nanocalorimeter_measurement_system.jpg?itok=F_4rUCEz" width="100" height="75" alt="Nanocalorimeter Measurement System " typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanocalorimeter-measurement-system"><span>Nanocalorimeter Measurement System</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> This Nanocalorimeter Measurement System is used for nanocalorimetry measurements at fast heating rates (100 °C/s to 100,000 °C/s) and measurements of samples
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</div>
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</article>
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about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/positron-annihilation-lifetime-spectrometer" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/positron-annihilation-lifetime-spectrometer" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/19/positronium_formation_in_polymers.png?itok=vUFrofTa" width="100" height="78" alt="Positronium formation in polymers" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/positron-annihilation-lifetime-spectrometer"><span>Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectrometer</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy uses positrons to probe material defects/voids/free volume at the sub-nm scale. The general working principle is
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
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<article
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/hard-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-haxpes" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/hard-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-haxpes" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2019/02/19/haxpes_srnphoto_lowres.jpg?itok=ZyCVBPzU" width="100" height="67" alt="Instrument scientists Conan Weiland (left) and Nick Quackenbush (right) at the Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (HAXPES)." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/hard-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-haxpes"><span>Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES)</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) end station uses a tunable, focused X-ray beam in the tender spectrum (2.0 keV to 7.5 keV) to probe the depth
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
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<article
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/vector-potential-photoelectron-microscope-vppem" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/vector-potential-photoelectron-microscope-vppem" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2019/02/15/vppem_resolutionnormal.jpg?itok=-PJPX46f" width="100" height="59" alt="Image of intermetallics in an Aluminum Calcium reaction zone from VPPEM" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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</div>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/vector-potential-photoelectron-microscope-vppem"><span>Vector Potential Photoelectron Microscope (VPPEM)</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The Vector Potential Photoemission Microscope endstation sits at the end of both the SST-I and SST-II beamlines, providing both soft (0.1 keV to 2.2 keV) and
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Awards</div>
</h2>
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class="nist-block "
>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-3557aea7a01eef132b9dd31e7c68b24a0ba3b0a3e86d07779efdfbe0fed6db54">
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about="/awards/mark-stoudt-named-asm-fellow" class="nist-teaser"
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<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/mark-stoudt-named-asm-fellow" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/09/29/Stoudt%20%281%29.jpg?itok=fAsU6HWW" width="100" height="100" alt="Mark Stoudt" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/mark-stoudt-named-asm-fellow"><span>Mark Stoudt Named ASM Fellow</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-long"> For outstanding contributions to the scientific understanding of the structure-property relationships of additively manufactured alloys and
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
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<article
about="/awards/dr-ursula-kattner-honored-2020-william-hume-rothery-award" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/dr-ursula-kattner-honored-2020-william-hume-rothery-award"><span>Dr. Ursula Kattner Honored with 2020 William Hume-Rothery Award</span>
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<div class="text-long"> Dr. Kattner received the award for outstanding contributions to the development and application of the multicomponent thermodynamics
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/mml-project-leader-enrico-lucon-receives-astm-international-award-merit" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/03/21/charpylab030218.jpg?itok=erMjXaA_" width="100" height="75" alt="Enrico Lucon in the lab" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/mml-project-leader-enrico-lucon-receives-astm-international-award-merit"><span>MML Project Leader Enrico Lucon Receives ASTM International Award of Merit</span>
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<div class="text-long"> Project Leader Enrico Lucon, from the MML Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, received the 2018 ASTM International Award of Merit for
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/mml-group-leader-frank-delrio-named-asme-fellow" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/04/13/delriophoto1_headshot.jpg?itok=J8TPb2d-" width="100" height="88" alt="Frank DelRio head shot" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/mml-group-leader-frank-delrio-named-asme-fellow"><span>MML Group Leader Frank DelRio Named ASME Fellow</span>
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<div class="text-long"> Group Leader Frank DelRio, leader of the Fatigue and Fracture Group in the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, has been elected a
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