1414 lines
96 KiB
Text
1414 lines
96 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2025/02/physicist-and-steampunk-enthusiast-explores-thermodynamics-quantum-world"><span property="schema:name">A Physicist and Steampunk Enthusiast Explores Thermodynamics in the Quantum World</span>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-13T12:00:00Z">February 13, 2025</time>
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<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> “Energy is eternal delight.” --William Blake Snuggling with her parents and brother while watching one of her favorite TV programs, Nicole Yunger Halpern was
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-12T12:00:00Z">February 12, 2025</time>
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<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Researchers have demonstrated that a strange type of quantum particle called the anyon, believed to exist in only two dimensions, can also be created in one
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2025/01/profile-quantum-physicist-alexey-gorshkov-tackles-big-problems"><span property="schema:name">Profile: Quantum Physicist Alexey Gorshkov Tackles the Big Problems</span>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-07T12:00:00Z">January 7, 2025</time>
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|
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<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> It’s hard enough to track the interactions of even a handful of quantum particles, but physicist Alexey Gorshkov has taken on an even more daunting task. He
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<div class="text-with-summary"> The primary degradation process in EUVL tools and satellite instruments begins by the adsorption of water or carbonaceous molecules from the vacuum environment onto the optic surface. The optic is damaged if the molecule undergoes photon-stimulated decomposition before it can (reversibly) thermally
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<div class="text-with-summary"> If funding is available, one new grant in the amount of $50,000 per year will be awarded for the initial period of October 1 through September 30 of the following year. The award may be continued for up to two additional years; however, future or continued funding will be at the discretion of NIST
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/extreme-ultraviolet-optical-constants" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/07/10/oc-ref.jpg?itok=1470J5RY" width="100" height="78" alt="Reflectance of two materials" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<div class="text-with-summary"> Measurements of EUV optical constants are often made by measuring the absorption or near-normal-incidence reflectivity, then performing transforms to obtain both the real and imaginary parts of the index. These sorts of measurements have considerable uncertainty because they require knowledge of
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about="/programs-projects/precision-materials-quantum-devices" class="nist-teaser"
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|
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/precision-materials-quantum-devices" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2016/09/13/oxides_2.jpg?itok=zq6VIU9i" width="100" height="75" alt="A 3" wafer is seen concentric with the lower plasma electrode." typeof="foaf:Image" />
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|
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|
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|
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/precision-materials-quantum-devices"><span>Precision Materials for Quantum Devices</span>
|
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<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> MBE System Our fabrication system is composed of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chambers that support the in-vacuum exchange of 75 mm wafers without exposure to air as seen in Figure 1. These chambers are: (1) a deposition chamber with electron gun deposition, UHV compatible sputter guns, in situ shadow
|
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|
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|
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Publications</div>
|
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</h2>
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<div
|
||
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|
||
>
|
||
|
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<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-eda5349d950e22af36bcdca95598c6a66ad4f3fe84a66e194d10e6c64a7829ef">
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<div>
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<article
|
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about="/publications/current-induced-circular-dichroism-metallic-surfaces-first-principles-study" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/current-induced-circular-dichroism-metallic-surfaces-first-principles-study"><span>Current-induced circular dichroism on metallic surfaces: A first-principles study</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
|
||
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-13T12:00:00Z">January 13, 2025</time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
|
||
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Farzad Mahfouzi</span>, <span class="nist-author">Mark Stiles</span>, <span class="nist-author">Paul M. Haney</span></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
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|
||
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||
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|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<div>
|
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<article
|
||
about="/publications/statistical-study-and-parallelization-multiplexed-single-electron-sources" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/statistical-study-and-parallelization-multiplexed-single-electron-sources"><span>Statistical study and parallelization of multiplexed single-electron sources</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
|
||
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-09-09T12:00:00Z">September 9, 2024</time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
|
||
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-field__item">S Norimoto, P See, N Schoinas, I Rungger, <span class="nist-author">Tommy Boykin</span>, <span class="nist-author">Michael Stewart</span>, J. P. Griffiths, C. Chen, D. A. Ritchie, M. Kataoka</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> Increasing electric current from a single-electron source is a main challenge in an effort to establish the standard of the ampere defined by the fixed value of
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<article
|
||
about="/publications/measurement-driven-neural-network-training-integrated-magnetic-tunnel-junction-arrays" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/measurement-driven-neural-network-training-integrated-magnetic-tunnel-junction-arrays"><span>Measurement-driven neural-network training for integrated magnetic tunnel junction arrays</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
|
||
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-05-14T12:00:00Z">May 14, 2024</time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
|
||
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">William Borders</span>, <span class="nist-author">Advait Madhavan</span>, <span class="nist-author">Matthew Daniels</span>, Vasileia Georgiou, Martin Lueker-Boden, Tiffany Santos, Patrick Braganca, <span class="nist-author">Mark Stiles</span>, <span class="nist-author">Jabez J. McClelland</span>, <span class="nist-author">Brian Hoskins</span></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> The increasing scale of neural networks needed to support more complex applications has led to an increasing requirement for area- and energy-efficient hardware
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
<div>
|
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<article
|
||
about="/publications/metrology-2d-materials-perspective-review-international-roadmap-devices-and-systems" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/metrology-2d-materials-perspective-review-international-roadmap-devices-and-systems"><span>Metrology for 2D materials: a perspective review from the international roadmap for devices and systems</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
|
||
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-04-08T12:00:00Z">April 8, 2024</time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
|
||
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Albert Davydov</span>, <span class="nist-author">Yaw S. Obeng</span>, <span class="nist-author">Ndubuisi George Orji</span>, Umberto Celano, Daniel Schmidt, Carlos Beitia</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> The international roadmap of devices and systems (IRDS) projects that 2D materials will be inserted into high-volume manufacturing as channel materials, mostly
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="margin-y-4">
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default">
|
||
<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Software</div>
|
||
</h2>
|
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<div
|
||
class="nist-block "
|
||
>
|
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|
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|
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<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-1322fcc37f597991306061dce28bcea1ad0f4105dcb033bd4d6a4d625a84b75a">
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<article
|
||
about="/services-resources/software/holografree" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
|
||
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/services-resources/software/holografree" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/mml/msed/functional_nanostructure/nbfluxon_1.jpg?itok=1p6Rz4Ry" width="100" height="100" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/services-resources/software/holografree"><span>HolograFREE</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
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<div class="nist-teaser__date">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> An electron hologram is a fringe modulated image containing the amplitude and phase information of an electron transparent object. The HolograFREE routines
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Tools and Instruments</div>
|
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|
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class="nist-block "
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|
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<article
|
||
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-7-euv-reflectometry" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
|
||
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-7-euv-reflectometry" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2016/08/31/bl7img.jpg?itok=ZjzFGFrb" width="65" height="100" alt="Beamline 7" typeof="foaf:Image" />
|
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|
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
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<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-7-euv-reflectometry"><span>Beamline 7: EUV reflectometry</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> The NIST/DARPA EUV Reflectometry facility began in the late 1980's to make measurements of the reflectivity of EUV multilayer optics for lithography. Since then
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
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</article>
|
||
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|
||
<div>
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|
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<article
|
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about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-8-surface-chemistry-durability-euv-optics" class="nist-teaser"
|
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>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
|
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-8-surface-chemistry-durability-euv-optics" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/04/13/BL-8%20Sketch.jpg?itok=4weRuF45" width="100" height="59" alt="Schematic of beamline 8." typeof="foaf:Image" />
|
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|
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</a>
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||
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||
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</div>
|
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<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
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<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-8-surface-chemistry-durability-euv-optics"><span>Beamline 8: Surface chemistry & durability of EUV optics</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> Beamline 8 is used to study the degradation of surfaces that are irradiated by EUV radiation in the presence of common outgas species. Its multilayer mirror
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<article
|
||
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-1-degradation-euv-filters-and-mirrors" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
|
||
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-1-degradation-euv-filters-and-mirrors" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/pml/div685/grp07/bl-1-fig-0ua_1.jpg?itok=mxwRu9p6" width="100" height="56" alt="Beamline 1" typeof="foaf:Image" />
|
||
|
||
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|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-1-degradation-euv-filters-and-mirrors"><span>Beamline 1: Degradation of EUV filters and mirrors</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> Beamline 1 separates a swath of light from the synchrotron into two parts. The first part is collected in Beamline 1a by a normal-incidence multilayer mirror
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
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<article
|
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about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-5-new-electron-beam-imaging-system" class="nist-teaser"
|
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>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
|
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-5-new-electron-beam-imaging-system" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2016/08/31/mirrormount.jpg?itok=KwAkhWSw" width="75" height="100" alt="Beamline 5 mirror mount" typeof="foaf:Image" />
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
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|
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<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/beamline-5-new-electron-beam-imaging-system"><span>Beamline 5: New electron beam imaging system</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> Beamline 5 of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility is a diagnostics end-station used to determine the transverse size of the stored electron beam. The
|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
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