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nist-gov/www.nist.gov/ncnr/spin-filters
Scott Williams 4063bef310 Initital commit.
2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00

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<h2 class="text-align-center"><sup>3</sup>He Neutron Spin Filters</h2>
<p>Nuclear spin polarized&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He gas, produced by optical pumping, can be used to polarize or analyze neutron beams because of the strong spin dependence of the neutron absorption cross section for&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He. Compared to commonly used neutron polarizers such as supermirrors and Heusler crystals, neutron spin filters (NSF) have these advantages: 1) they are broadband and can polarize cold, thermal or hot neutrons effectively; 2) they can polarize large area and large divergence neutron beams without adding beam divergence; 3) they are in-line add-on devices, and 4) they can efficiently flip the neutron polarization by reversing the&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He nuclear polarization. This last capability can be performed using the adiabatic fast passage nuclear magnetic resonance technique, thus integrating the polarizer and the flipper into a single neutron polarizing device.</p>
<p>Polarized&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He is used to provide polarized beam capability for various instruments at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. The process involves the polarization of&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He gas contained within a glass cell which is placed on the instrument. By this method, polarized&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He can be used to polarize the neutron beam (polarizer) and/or select out the chosen spin state (analyzer). The high density of polarized&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He gas (10<sup>19</sup>&nbsp;to 10<sup>20</sup>&nbsp;cm<sup>−3</sup>) required for an effective neutron polarizer can be produced using two optical pumping methods: spin-exchange (SEOP)&nbsp;{<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.69.629">Walker97</a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.373">BCV60</a>}, which is performed directly at high pressure (1-10 bar), and metastability-exchange (MEOP){<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.132.2561">CSW63</a>}, in which the gas is polarized at low pressure (1 mbar) and then compressed. More detail is provided through the reference links below about neutron spin filters.</p>
<p>The NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) initiated a polarized&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He neutron spin filter program in 2006. The goal is to polarize and/or analyze neutron beams for neutron scattering instruments where&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He NSFs are advantageous. At the NCNR, polarized&nbsp;<sup>3</sup>He NSF devices have been applied to diffuse reflectometry, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometry (TAS). Applications to more instruments (Multi Axis Crystal Spectrometer, Disk Chopper time-of-flight spectrometer, BT-1 powder diffractometer, Materials Diffractometer, MAGIK reflectometer) are under development. For more information about the&nbsp;capabilities specific to the NCNR neutron spin filter program, please select the provided links.</p>
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