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nist-gov/www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/last-artifact-brings-metrology-tv
Scott Williams 4063bef310 Initital commit.
2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00

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<h1 class="nist-page__title">‘The Last Artifact’ Brings Metrology to TV</h1>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2020-09-10T12:00:00Z">September 10, 2020</time>
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<figure class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2020/08/20/Filming%20in%20the%20Kibble%20balance%20lab.jpg?itok=tM-ix8u9" data-media-id="588596">
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2020/08/20/Filming%20in%20the%20Kibble%20balance%20lab.jpg?itok=N--7CjrR" width="960" height="480" alt="Film crew films a pair NIST researchers operating the NIST Kibble balance" title="Filming in the Kibble balance lab" typeof="foaf:Image" />
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">
<div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content">
<p>The crew of <em>The Last Artifact</em> films NIST’s Kibble balance, a complex instrument used in the redefinition of the kilogram. From left, NIST researchers Stephan Schlamminger and Darine Haddad, sound recordist Parker Brown, director of photography Rick Smith and co-director/producer Jaime Jacobsen.</p>
</div>
<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
J. Stoughton/NIST
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</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Remember that documentary you saw that&nbsp;<em>finally&nbsp;</em>explained metrology and why measurements are critical to practically every aspect of modern life? Yeah, neither do I. Probably because that documentary doesn’t exist …</p><p>Or does it?</p><p><em>The Last Artifact</em>, a new one-hour film that PBS stations are <span>planning to broadcast starting this month</span>, aims to fill that cinematic void by bringing metrology to the people. It tells the tale of measurement science and features researchers from metrology laboratories around the world, including several faces from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).</p>
<figure class=" nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2020/08/20/Interviewing%20Jon%20Pratt.jpg?itok=OWy9chVr" data-media-id="588581">
<img alt="camera crew interviewing Jon Pratt" height="640" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2020/08/20/Interviewing%20Jon%20Pratt.jpg" title="camera crew interviewing Jon Pratt" typeof="foaf:Image" width="960">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Jaime Jacobsen interviews NIST researcher Jon Pratt during filming at NIST. From left, Rick Smith, Jacobsen, Parker Brown and Pratt.<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
J. Stoughton/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Perhaps the most prominent character in the film, however, is inanimate: the eponymous “Last Artifact,” aka the International Prototype Kilogram, aka “Le Grand K.” <a href="https://www.bipm.org/en/history-si/kilogram">This cylinder, composed primarily of platinum, served for 130 years as the definition of the kilogram</a> and the standard for practically all measurements involving mass. Its longtime status of defining the mass of the kilogram officially ended in May 2019 as a result of an international vote in late 2018 to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/a-massive-change-nations-will-vote-to-redefine-the-kilogram/2018/11/15/b5704b0a-e6c7-11e8-b8dc-66cca409c180_story.html">redefine the kilogram based on fundamental constants of nature</a><span>, including the speed of light and Planck’s constant.</span></p><p>As part of that historic redefinition of the International System of Units, other units of measurement — the ampere, the kelvin and the mole — were also redefined in terms of natural constants. But it was the kilogram that seemed to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/16/science/kilogram-physics-measurement.html">capture people’s imaginations</a>. Its ascension from the material to the universal evoked something bigger and more profound. And, it didn’t hurt that Le Grand K also had a certain mystique, residing in international territory just outside Paris, inside a triple-locked underground vault in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bipm.org/en/about-us/pavillon-de-breteuil/"> a pavilion built by the brother of Louis XIV in 1672 and later restored by Napoleon</a>.</p><p>As a defining measurement standard embodied in a physical artifact, Le Grand K was indeed the last of its kind. The evolution of the kilogram even served as a sort of metaphor for the work of metrologists over the decades, who took the long view and strove to make our units of measurement increasingly accurate and egalitarian by basing them on the ultimate standard of objectivity: nature.</p><p>In the words of former NIST Director Willie May, “This would make a pretty good movie.”</p><p>American Public Television (APT), the largest syndicator of programming for public television stations in the United States, vetted the film with 340 PBS stations across the country, and based on stations’ positive responses, expects nearly 100% coverage in public television markets. APT will make the documentary available to public television stations to air and repeat for over six years, beginning this September. The film will also be made available internationally through a distribution deal with <a href="https://pbsinternational.org/programs/last-artifact-the/">PBS International</a>.</p><p>Check out the <a href="https://www.montanapbs.org/programs/last-artifact/">trailer for the film</a>, and check your local listings for other showtimes.</p><p>The film has received several accolades including being awarded the international award for "Best Documentary Feature" at the British Documentary Film Festival.</p><p>PBS Learning Media created a <a href="https://mpt.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/the-last-artifact/">digital learning collection</a> with media from <em>The Last Artifact</em>, which contains 12 short videos on instruments, measurements, and units for grades 5-12, available to educators everywhere.</p><p>In addition, Jason Learning, a 501(c)3 organization that provides STEM curriculum&nbsp;for U.S. K-12 teachers, will include five videos from <em>The Last Artifact</em> as part of their new physics curriculum surrounding the redesign of the SI system, to be released in fall 2020.</p>
<div class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2020/08/20/The%20Last%20Artifact%20poster.jpg?itok=Yp3Ay0Xd" data-media-id="588586">
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2020/08/20/The%20Last%20Artifact%20poster.jpg" width="1875" height="2500" alt="movie poster that reads &quot;The Last Artifact, a film by Jaime Jacobsen and Ed Watkins, a production of Montana PBS and Montana State University.&quot; The prototype kilogram is under three glass bell jars in the center. " title="The Last Artifact movie poster" typeof="foaf:Image">
<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
Credit: KUSM-TV/MontanaPBS
</div>
</div>
<h2>A small but fascinating niche</h2><p>In 2016 when documentary filmmakers Jaime Jacobsen and Ed Watkins applied for the NIST grant providing up to $500,000 to create a science documentary about the redefinition of the kilogram, they knew they had a rare opportunity. “This grant provided us with the means to make a beautiful science film that could have a large impact,” says producer and director Jacobsen, who led the team that created <em>The Last Artifact</em>.</p><p>As a filmmaker — particularly a documentary filmmaker — that’s not something you come across every day,” she says. “Science filmmaking is really considered a small niche within the broader world of documentary filmmaking.”</p><p>“Metrology is a fascinating topic, but not one that commercial broadcasters would ever fund upfront,” says writer and co-director Watkins in describing the dilemma of how to make and nationally distribute a film about an important but largely unknown scientific subject.</p><p>As veteran documentary filmmakers, Jacobsen and Watkins know all about the challenges of getting science on screen. They first met in 2005 when they were students in the <a href="http://sfp.montana.edu/sciencenaturefilm/">Science and Natural History Filmmaking program at Montana State&nbsp;University</a>. Jacobsen went on to produce numerous documentaries, including <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3956712/"><em>Finding Traction</em></a>, which was featured on both Netflix and Amazon Prime. She has filmed on every continent except Antarctica. Watkins has produced science and natural history documentaries for PBS, the BBC, NOVA, National Geographic and others. His best-known production is perhaps <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6417924/"><em>Stephen Hawking’s Favorite Places</em></a>, a three-part miniseries that featured the famous University of Cambridge physicist and won a national news and documentary Emmy Award in 2017.</p><p>“The huge advantage of <em>The Last Artifact</em> being funded through a grant was that we had the ability to make a show without having to worry about what any given channel's executive producer would demand,” says Watkins. “In the end, that allowed us to make a far more engaging and accessible film than otherwise would have been possible.”</p><p>As science-filmmaking pros with an impressive credit list — having documented and explained everything from ants to black holes — Jacobsen and Watkins were experts in using the techniques of filmmaking to explain and demystify complex topics and concepts. And although they were well versed in the milieu of scientific research, even&nbsp;<em>they</em>&nbsp;had never heard of the science of metrology prior to learning about the NIST grant.</p><p>They would spend the next three years becoming experts.</p><h2>How on earth do we tell this story?</h2><p>After Jacobsen and her team were awarded the NIST grant in early 2017, they spent two years traveling the globe, filming in six countries and recording detailed interviews with 25 different researchers at metrology labs and other institutions. The footage they captured includes rare scenes of Le Grand K itself, when the three keyholders to its underground vault assembled in October 2017 to open the rarely unsealed sanctum.</p>
<figure class=" nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2020/08/20/selfie%20with%20kilogram.jpg?itok=Y03Ssg3d" data-media-id="588591">
<img alt="three men take a selfie inside the kilogram vault. The kilogram is visible in a safe behind them. " height="1334" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2020/08/20/selfie%20with%20kilogram.jpg" title="selfie with kilogram" typeof="foaf:Image" width="2000">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">The Last Artifact writer and co-director Ed Watkins (left) poses for a quick selfie with Le Grand K — visible in the vault in the background — along with Rick Smith and International Bureau of Weights and Measures Director Martin Milton (right).<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Smith
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Jacobsen, Watkins and their team spent a year editing and polishing this massive repository of footage into a cohesive one-hour film that tells the tale of measurement science through the ages, culminating with the now-legendary&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/13/18087002/kilogram-new-definition-kg-metric-unit-ipk-measurement">2018 meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in Versailles, France</a>, where representatives from 60 countries unanimously agreed to redefine the kilogram, the kelvin, the ampere and the mole based on constants of nature.</p><p>“How on earth do we tell this story?” Jacobsen recalls thinking when she started work on the film. “The science behind the redefinition is incredibly technical. As a storyteller, that presents a real challenge.”</p><p>And, let’s face it, metrology is a little quirky. Jacobsen and Watkins picked up on this during their travels to metrology institutes around the world, and it inspired them to adopt a style for <em>The Last Artifact</em> that any fan of the movies <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0128445/?ref_=nm_flmg_wr_16"><em>Rushmore</em></a> or <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0362270/?ref_=nm_flmg_wr_14"><em>The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou</em></a> will recognize. Watkins explains: “The more metrologists I met, the more I was struck by the meticulous nature of their work and how joyfully passionate they are about their research. Stylistically, <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0027572/">Wes Anderson's films</a> are just like that — clean, precise, and delightfully warm and joyful.”</p><h2>Let’s hear it for the metrologists</h2><p>For thousands of years, human-made measurements were defined by varied and sometimes capricious physical artifacts like the width of a barleycorn or the length of a particular king’s foot. The French Revolution gave rise to the metric system — now subsumed into the International System of Units — kicking off a 200-year movement toward truly universal standards of measurement that are both fair and necessary for the advancement of society.</p><p>“When someone watches <em>The Last Artifact,</em> I hope they come away with a sense of awe for the scientific process and the scientific work that goes on behind the scenes,” says Jacobsen. “We don’t hear about it often, but it underpins our world and keeps our society going.”</p><p>All our present-day industries and inventions — air travel, smartphones, medicine, electronic stock trading, and more — depend on our measurement standards, as do the industries and inventions of the future. These standards exist because of the work of generations of scientists, including metrologists.</p><p>“There are so many things we take for granted, and barely even stop to wonder about,” adds Watkins. “I hope people see just how important scientists really are."</p>
<figure class=" nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2020/09/10/Last%20Artifact%20group%20photo.jpg?itok=ttnfbNbK" data-media-id="590651">
<img alt="group of people at a movie premiere" height="960" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2020/09/10/Last%20Artifact%20group%20photo.jpg" title="Last Artifact group photo" typeof="foaf:Image" width="1200">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">The International Bureau of Weights and Measures, located in Sèvres, France, arranged a special October 2019 screening of “The Last Artifact” in Paris for an audience composed of the leaders of national metrology labs from around the world. The NIST and "Last Artifact" delegations at the screening, shown here, are, from left, Jason Stoughton (who wrote this article), NIST Associate Director for Laboratory Programs Jim Olthoff, film editor and writer Stefanie Watkins, film co-producer/director Jaime Jacobsen, NIST International and Academic Affairs Director Claire Saundry, NIST Chief of Staff Kevin Kimball, NIST Public Affairs Director Gail Porter and NIST Director Walter Copan.</figcaption>
</figure>
<p><em>*Edited Dec. 7, 2020</em></p>
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<div class="text-with-summary"><p>In addition to being an unabashed science fanboy, Jason Stoughton is a writer, photographer, video producer and former director of NIST internal communications (now working at the National Science Foundation). Before coming to NIST he worked in broadcast television and video production in a variety of roles from creative director to night shift dub room technician, somehow winning 11 Emmy awards in the process. He lives in Silver Spring, Maryland, with his wife and daughter.</p></div>
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