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nist-gov/www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/drones-disaster-zones-how-advanced-3d-mapping-technology-can-help-first
Scott Williams 4063bef310 Initital commit.
2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00

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<h1 class="nist-page__title">Drones in Disaster Zones: How Advanced 3D Mapping Technology Can Help First Responders Save Lives</h1>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-29T12:00:00Z">January 29, 2025</time>
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<figure class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/judges_watching_drone_compeition_012925.jpg?itok=ww10skzS" data-media-id="728606">
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/judges_watching_drone_compeition_012925.jpg?itok=0pTiPWSg" width="960" height="640" alt="Four men are protected by a net structure as they look away from the camera toward a drone flying in a large high-ceilinged room with street signs on the walls." typeof="foaf:Image" />
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">
<div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content">
</div>
<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Wilson/NIST
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</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>When first responders need to rescue people from an earthquake-ravaged home, they need real-time information. If law enforcement officers are looking for a shooter in a crowded building, they must learn everything they can about the scene.&nbsp;</p><p>Emergency responders need to know where people are and if the building is structurally stable enough for them to attempt a rescue.&nbsp;</p><p>But timely information can be scarce during a natural disaster or other dangerous incident.&nbsp;</p><p>In many of these situations, sending an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS), also known as a drone, into a building can provide lifesaving intelligence by capturing video footage, identifying potential hazards and mapping the inside of the building.&nbsp;</p><figure class=" align-center nist-video--vertical nist-video" role="group">
<div data-media-id="728671">
<div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="
&lt;div class=&quot;video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
"><img alt="NIST Drone Test " loading="lazy" src="https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_hmf029yb/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image">
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<div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">NIST Drone Test </div>
</div>
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<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">The NIST-sponsored drone challenge was similar to an aerial scavenger hunt.&nbsp;</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>“This mapping technology can allow first responders to know where there might be potential victims,” said Stephanie Layman of NIST’s <a href="/ctl/pscr" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b13e7096-e337-49c7-a330-2856498550cf" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Public Safety Communications Research Division">Public Safety Communications Research (PSCR)</a> Division. “These maps can help direct responders more quickly to exactly where to send their people, as well as map a path to help get them back out safely. It’s about saving lives <span>—</span> including first responders’ lives.”&nbsp;</p><p>But flying a UAS inside a building is a lot trickier than flying one outdoors for several reasons. <span>Drones often rely on GPS to remain in a stable position, but they cannot always use it indoors.&nbsp;</span>UASs may also have to move through tight spaces such as hallways, doors or stairs. Additionally, the systems must navigate through the turbulence created by their own propellers <span>—</span> something that also occurs with helicopters, according to NIST Robotics Program Manager Kamel S. Saidi.&nbsp;</p><p>Saidi pointed out that while many first responders now have access to affordable drones, it can cost $50,000 or more to purchase tools that provide detailed real-time intelligence.&nbsp;</p><h2>A 3D Mapping Challenge&nbsp;</h2><p>To encourage the development of more affordable versions of this technology, NIST recently sponsored a <a href="https://firstresponderuaschallenge.org/">3D indoor mapping prize challenge</a> to help UAS designers and engineers build systems that can help first responders while operating in these challenging indoor environments.&nbsp;</p><p>The challenge asked participants to design a system that could provide high-quality 3D images and maps that could be easily displayed for the incident commander and pilot, while flying a complex path through a building. Contestants collected images of specific targets in the indoor environment, while NIST experts made measurements.&nbsp;</p>
<figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/drone_in_air_during_competition_012925.jpg?itok=5o0MiG46" data-media-id="728616">
<img alt="A drone is flying inside a second-story balcony space in a testing facility that includes pretend storefronts like Mary's Gift Shop. " height="640" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/drone_in_air_during_competition_012925.jpg?itok=AQf2ITfg" typeof="foaf:Image" width="960">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">One of NIST’s roles in encouraging drone use in public safety is to bring parties together — emergency responder organizations, pilots and experts — and to provide impartial testing of the systems and their pilots.<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Wilson/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Teams were eligible to win cash prizes and received help from experts while developing their inventions from the idea stage to something that’s commercially available.&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>NIST also hosted a testing event last year that allowed participants to test their drones in an indoor space used to train firefighters in Montgomery County, Maryland.&nbsp;</p><p>It was akin to an aerial scavenger hunt. The teams received grades on factors such as the number and quality of the images they collected and their ability to fly the course within the drone’s battery life.&nbsp;</p>
<figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/drone_in_air_during_compeition_in_front_of_signs_012925.jpg?itok=HWW-5qLl" data-media-id="728621">
<img alt="UAS in air inside a testing facility that includes street signs and stoplights. " height="641" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/drone_in_air_during_compeition_in_front_of_signs_012925.jpg?itok=QOULHRP9" typeof="foaf:Image" width="960">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Flying an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS), also known as a drone, in indoor environments can be challenging due to lack of GPS coverage and the need to maneuver through tight spaces.<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Wilson/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>One of NIST’s roles in these efforts is to bring parties together — emergency responder organizations, drone pilots and drone experts — and to provide impartial testing of drones and their pilots.&nbsp;</p><p>Additionally, NIST’s engineers are creating ways to evaluate how well UAS technology works in varied environments. Those measurements and test methods may eventually become standards published through a standards organization, just as the process works in <a href="/feature-stories/why-you-need-standards" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="569009a9-120a-4bcb-a50b-1649bb7719f0" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Why You Need Standards">other areas of NIST</a>.&nbsp;</p><h2>Moving the Industry Forward&nbsp;</h2>
<figure class=" align-right nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/eric_bircher_competition_012925.jpg?itok=P97o6ldt" data-media-id="728611">
<img alt="A man wearing an electronic device over his eyes sits at a table holding a controller for a drone. The indoor training facility includes pretend storefronts like a pizza shop. " height="480" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2025/01/06/eric_bircher_competition_012925.jpg?itok=913TDqCn" typeof="foaf:Image" width="320">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Competitor Eric Bircher steers his drone during the competition.<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Wilson/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Competitor Eric Bircher said the competition helped his team develop its 3D mapping techniques, which is key to making drones work for first responders.&nbsp;</p><p>Bircher became interested in drones after seeing a competition on ESPN in 2016. Now, he consults in the field and works for a company that delivers food via drones.&nbsp;</p><p>“I want to push the industry forward as far as getting drones in the hands of first responders. I like helping people, and I wanted to be a part of this field. So, I thought, why not use my skills to help push this industry forward?” he said.&nbsp;</p><p>While the competition is a step forward for this important work, which has tremendous potential to help first responders work in a variety of challenging indoor environments, Saidi says it will take time before this technology is readily available at a lower price.</p><p>“I think more research and development will be needed to make faster and cheaper 3D mapping technology that can work on small, inexpensive drones. It’s getting there, but we haven’t seen the big breakthrough yet,” he said. “We know this technology is working on UAS for other industries at a higher price point for similar applications. We believe it’s just a matter of time before reliable, real-time 3D mapping is available for all budgets and applications.”&nbsp;</p>
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<div class="text-with-summary"><p>Megan King is a writer-editor at NIST and edits the Taking Measure blog. After graduating from John Carroll University, she began her career as a newspaper journalist, covering county fairs and school board meetings. Megan has worked in various communications roles in the government for more than 15 years, including as a content manager and strategist. Outside of work, Megan coaches beginner ice skaters, cheers on Pittsburgh sports teams, and knits.</p></div>
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