nist-gov/www.nist.gov/topic-terms/law-enforcement
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class="nist-block "
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<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-dae7af067260eaf7a02b133a3a6f61d5de6e623d0fd3e63a775835d79806527e">
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<article
about="/news-events/news/2025/01/technology-demonstrations-5x5" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
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<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/01/technology-demonstrations-5x5" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/01/27/5x5%20demo%20news.jpg?itok=tLCKlDnN" width="100" height="35" alt="Two men participating in a tech demo at 5x5 Chicago" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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</div>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2025/01/technology-demonstrations-5x5"><span property="schema:name">Technology Demonstrations at 5x5</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-16T12:00:00Z">January 16, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Do you have an innovative, cutting-edge, or emerging technology that has the potential to advance public safety communications? NIST Public Safety
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</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-researchers-test-new-approach-detecting-cannabis-breath" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-researchers-test-new-approach-detecting-cannabis-breath" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/15/BreathStudyIllustration.png?itok=YDOkCizk" width="100" height="56" alt="A researcher&#039;s hands holding a vial in the lab are juxtaposed with a cannabis plant. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-researchers-test-new-approach-detecting-cannabis-breath"><span property="schema:name">NIST Researchers to Test New Approach for Detecting Cannabis in Breath</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-08-15T12:00:00Z">August 15, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> The new approach involves two breath tests separated by a specified time interval.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/news/2024/07/nists-new-hemp-reference-material-will-help-ensure-accurate-cannabis" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/07/nists-new-hemp-reference-material-will-help-ensure-accurate-cannabis" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/06/27/NIST_Hemp_RM_1.jpg?itok=CtxxzFOi" width="100" height="56" alt="A person wearing a mask and laboratory gloves handles ground plant material inside a metal container." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/07/nists-new-hemp-reference-material-will-help-ensure-accurate-cannabis"><span property="schema:name">NISTs New Hemp Reference Material Will Help Ensure Accurate Cannabis Measurements</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-07-08T12:00:00Z">July 8, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> This will help forensic labs correctly determine whether a seized material is hemp, which is legal in all 50 states, or marijuana, which is a controlled
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Events</div>
</h2>
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class="nist-block "
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<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-75f312288f1dfddf3bbab2da791c24e8475cb1f8adc6673590ea108a5c1adfcf">
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<article
about="/news-events/events/2025/06/5x5-public-safety-innovation-summit" class="nist-teaser"
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<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/events/2025/06/5x5-public-safety-innovation-summit" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/10/28/5x5_WebBanner_Seattle2025.jpg?itok=87x0TzcM" width="100" height="35" alt="5x5 Public Safety Innovation Summit" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/events/2025/06/5x5-public-safety-innovation-summit"><span>5x5: The Public Safety Innovation Summit</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="smartdate">Tue, Jun 3 - Thu, Jun 5 2025</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> REGISTER NOW 5x5 ― the confirmation of a strong and clear signal ― and the place to make your voice heard and drive
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</div>
</div>
</article>
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<article
about="/news-events/events/2025/06/needs-and-research-gaps-surrounding-safe-handling-synthetic-opioids-and" class="nist-teaser"
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/events/2025/06/needs-and-research-gaps-surrounding-safe-handling-synthetic-opioids-and"><span>Needs and Research Gaps Surrounding Safe Handling of Synthetic Opioids and Other Emerging Compounds of Concern</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="smartdate">Mon, Jun 9 - Tue, Jun 10 2025</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> As part of NIST's response to the 2023 TRANQ Research Act, we have started a series of workshop to better understand the
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/events/2025/06/towards-increased-data-sharing-and-standardization-illicit-drug-analysis" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/events/2025/06/towards-increased-data-sharing-and-standardization-illicit-drug-analysis"><span>Towards Increased Data Sharing and Standardization for Illicit Drug Analysis and Monitoring</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="smartdate">Wed, Jun 11 - Fri, Jun 13 2025</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> As part of NIST's response to the 2023 TRANQ Research Act, we have started a series of workshop to better understand the
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/news-events/events/2025/06/building-path-forward-meaningful-cannabis-breathalyzer-realization" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/events/2025/06/building-path-forward-meaningful-cannabis-breathalyzer-realization" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/01/13/Cannabis%20Breathalyzer.png?itok=cw8DdV2X" width="100" height="84" alt="Clipart of Person smoking Cannabis and images of cars" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/events/2025/06/building-path-forward-meaningful-cannabis-breathalyzer-realization"><span>Building a Path Forward for Meaningful Cannabis Breathalyzer Realization</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="smartdate">Wed, Jun 18 - Thu, Jun 19 2025</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> We are bringing together participants from government, forensic laboratories, industry, academia, law enforcement
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div>
</h2>
<div
class="nist-block "
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<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-81bc6ed569692816eebe647db812de7c72db6d03c2f9b816c7d725deeb57b538">
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<article
about="/programs-projects/standards-development-ensure-reliable-breath-analysis-field" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/standards-development-ensure-reliable-breath-analysis-field" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/07/10/Picture1%20summary%20use.png?itok=SGOuNpgV" width="100" height="67" alt="Breathalyzer" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/standards-development-ensure-reliable-breath-analysis-field"><span>Standards Development to Ensure Reliable Breath Analysis in the Field</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified in human breath. These compounds can be produced by the body or by organisms in the body (e.g., bacteria or viruses) and provide a non-invasive window into human health. Inexpensive point-of-care devices are being developed to diagnose
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/programs-projects/metrology-and-standards-canine-olfactory-detection-explosives" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/metrology-and-standards-canine-olfactory-detection-explosives" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/09/19/AdobeStock_29568891.jpeg?itok=QV9o5eRB" width="100" height="67" alt="Photograph of a dog sniffing luggage." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/metrology-and-standards-canine-olfactory-detection-explosives"><span>Metrology and Standards for Canine Olfactory Detection of Explosives</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Effective and accepted by the public, trained dogs are the most frequently deployed detection systems for identification of explosives threats in mobile applications. In addition to being highly sensitive, dogs can rapidly discriminate the unique profile of an explosive in a presence of a large
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/programs-projects/trace-contraband-detection" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/trace-contraband-detection"><span>Trace Contraband Detection</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Screening of people and their belongings including luggage, vehicles, and packages for the presence of trace residues of explosives and narcotics (trace contraband detection) is widely used in aviation security and law enforcement. In common screening scenarios, trace contraband residues in the form
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
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about="/programs-projects/safety-and-security-technologies" class="nist-teaser"
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<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/safety-and-security-technologies" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/stg_0.jpg?itok=EEiV7iv-" width="98" height="100" alt="STG" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/safety-and-security-technologies"><span>Safety and Security Technologies</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The safety and security of citizens is enhanced when law enforcement and criminal justice agencies and the military use the appropriate and properly performing equipment and technologies. To ensure these entities have the necessary equipment, the STG conducts and performs research to advance these
</div>
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<div class="margin-y-4">
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<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Publications</div>
</h2>
<div
class="nist-block "
>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-83cc255c7931757026d6dcc4f5301f9ce93e423e79cb7567b7d74c53ae02e1ec">
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<article
about="/publications/drug-detection-analysis-and-monitoring-workshop-report" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/drug-detection-analysis-and-monitoring-workshop-report"><span>Drug Detection, Analysis, and Monitoring Workshop Report</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-08-30T12:00:00Z">August 30, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Edward Sisco</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> This report is a summary of a workshop convened to capture the analytical and data challenges inherent to the detection, identification, and monitoring of
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/redundant-ballistic-chronograph-configuration-body-armor-testing" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/redundant-ballistic-chronograph-configuration-body-armor-testing"><span>Redundant Ballistic Chronograph Configuration for Body Armor Testing</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-07-28T12:00:00Z">July 28, 2023</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Michael A. Riley</span>, <span class="nist-author">Nicholas G. Paulter Jr.</span>, <span class="nist-author">Dwight D. Barry</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> A new configuration of the light screen pairs used in a redundant ballistic chronograph is described. This configuration complies with current ASTM
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/field-deployable-devices" class="nist-teaser"
>
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<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/field-deployable-devices"><span>Field-Deployable Devices</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-01-01T12:00:00Z">January 1, 2023</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Thomas P. Forbes</span>, Raychelle Burks</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Reductions in instrument size, weight, and power continue to facilitate the development and application of field-deployable devices for investigative purposes
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/publications/effects-thermal-aging-molar-mass-ultra-high-molar-mass-polyethylene-fibers" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/effects-thermal-aging-molar-mass-ultra-high-molar-mass-polyethylene-fibers"><span>Effects of Thermal Aging on Molar Mass of Ultra-High Molar Mass Polyethylene Fibers</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-03-24T12:00:00Z">March 24, 2022</time>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long">
<div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
<div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Zois Tsinas</span>, <span class="nist-author">Sara Orski</span>, Viviana Bentley, <span class="nist-author">Lorelis Gonzalez-Lopez</span>, Mohamad Al-Sheikhly, <span class="nist-author">Amanda L. Forster</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) is commonly used for ballistic-resistant body armor applications due to the superior strength of the fibers
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="margin-y-4">
</div>
<div class="margin-y-4">
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default">
<h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Tools and Instruments</div>
</h2>
<div
class="nist-block "
>
<div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-0243de632e8717854e8f8d60c198dc0eac70ec9deea69058afc3e12630f1b9b7">
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<article
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/large-aperture-scanner" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/large-aperture-scanner" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/18/large_aperture_scanner.png?itok=rqBqObNd" width="89" height="100" alt="Large Aperture Scanner" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/large-aperture-scanner"><span>Large Aperture Scanner</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The Large Aperture Scanner (LAS) scans a radar transceiver over a 5 meter by 20 meter aperture. Image reconstruction techniques enable a three-dimensional
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/cabinet-x-ray-system" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/cabinet-x-ray-system" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/18/smiths_detection_6046si.jpg?itok=cjxPt8Kn" width="75" height="100" alt="Smiths Detection_6046si" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/cabinet-x-ray-system"><span>Cabinet x-ray system</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> The Smiths Detection 6046si cabinet x-ray system was designed for security screening of bags, parcels and other objects of similar size. The system runs at 160
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/x-ray-backscatter-systems" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/x-ray-backscatter-systems" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/19/x-ray_backscatter_systems.jpg?itok=re-OLauK" width="100" height="75" alt="X-ray backscatter systems" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/x-ray-backscatter-systems"><span>X-ray Backscatter Systems</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> X-ray backscatter systems are used for the screening of personnel for hidden weapons and other contraband. Unlike conventional radiographic x-ray systems
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/reference-ballistic-chronograph" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/reference-ballistic-chronograph" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/18/reference_ballistic_chronograph_figure_1.png?itok=Pm4TsNhL" width="100" height="60" alt="Reference Ballistic Chronograph Figure 1" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> The NIST-developed reference ballistic chronograph (RBC) provides repeatable measurements of the speed of a bullet that will impact a test article, such as
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