1168 lines
95 KiB
Text
1168 lines
95 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
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<head>
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<p>What is forensic ballistics? Forensic ballistics involves the examination of evidence from firearms that may have been used in a crime. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun leaves microscopic marks on the bullet and cartridge case. These marks are like ballistic fingerprints. If investigators recover bullets from a crime scene, forensic examiners can test-fire a suspect’s gun, then compare the marks on the crime scene bullet to marks on the test-fired bullet. The examiner will then assess how similar the two sets of marks are and determine if the bullets are likely to have been fired from the same gun or different guns. Cartridge cases are compared in the same way.</p>
|
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|
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<h3><strong>What we do</strong></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>For roughly a century, forensic ballistics experts have been comparing bullets and cartridge cases by visually examining them under a split-screen microscope. After comparing the bullets, the examiner can offer an expert opinion as to whether they match but cannot express the strength of the evidence numerically. NIST scientists are developing <a href="https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2018/02/how-good-match-it-putting-statistics-forensic-firearms-identification">methods</a> that will allow an examiner to attach an objective, statistically meaningful measure of certainty to their testimony. We also produce the <a href="https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2018/09/nist-updates-forensic-standard-reference-materials">NIST Standard Bullet</a> and the <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9e1d91d2-13fa-46dd-8bd9-86325de51e61" href="/pml/sensor-science/surface-and-interface-metrology/standard-bullets-and-cartridge-cases" title="Standard Bullets and Cartridge Cases">NIST Standard Cartridge Case</a>. These aren’t real bullets or cartridge cases, but precisely manufactured replicas of fired bullets and cartridge cases with known ballistic fingerprints. Crime labs use these standards to calibrate their instruments, which helps ensure that their examinations produce accurate results.</p>
|
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|
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<h2>The Research</h2>
|
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|
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|
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|
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about="/programs-projects/forensic-topography-and-surface-metrology" class="nist-teaser"
|
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>
|
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|
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/forensic-topography-and-surface-metrology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/02/02/mechanical%20stylus%20instrument.png?itok=vn_ftgK3" width="100" height="80" alt="Mechanical stylus instrument" typeof="foaf:Image" />
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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</div>
|
||
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</div>
|
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<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/forensic-topography-and-surface-metrology"><span>Forensic Topography and Surface Metrology</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> Surface texture and microform Surface texture affects the functionality of many products, ranging from bearings to semiconductors and optics. Affected properties include aesthetics, friction, wear, lubrication, sealing, light scattering, and conductivity. Improvements in parameters and metrology to
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article
|
||
about="/programs-projects/nist-ballistics-toolmark-database" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
|
||
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/nist-ballistics-toolmark-database" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/pml/div683/3d-topography-jpg.jpeg?itok=H4_dVdOx" width="100" height="46" alt="This image shows 3-dimensional topographic surface maps of the breech face and firing pin impressions left in the primer at the base of the cartridge case." typeof="foaf:Image" />
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/nist-ballistics-toolmark-database"><span>NIST Ballistics Toolmark Database</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> The database contains traditional reflectance microscopy images and three-dimensional surface topography data acquired by NIST or submitted by database users. The goal is a collection of data sets that: 1) represents the large variety of ballistic toolmarks encountered by forensic examiners, and 2)
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article
|
||
about="/programs-projects/statistics-ballistics-identification" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/statistics-ballistics-identification"><span>Statistics for Ballistics Identification</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> DESCRIPTION: Statistical Engineering Division has had an ongoing collaboration with NIST's Precision Engineering Division (now Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division) and Office of Law Enforcement Standards (now in the Office of Special Programs) in the field of firearms and tool mark
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article
|
||
about="/programs-projects/university-texas-arlington-rfid-smart-container-study" class="nist-teaser"
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/university-texas-arlington-rfid-smart-container-study"><span>University of Texas, Arlington - RFID Smart Container Study</span>
|
||
</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__type">
|
||
<div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
|
||
<div class="text-with-summary"> Standardizing Future Smart and Connected Forensic Evidence Rooms
|
||
|
||
Hosted workshop highlighting recent efforts associated with Internet of Things (IOT) Based AutoID Technologies usage in the chain of custody (COC) as catalyst for trendsetting across the U.S. in regards to the automation of
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="link-list"><a href="/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248621">View All Projects/Programs</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-y-2">
|
||
<h2 class="nist-block__title">Additional Resources Links</h2>
|
||
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link nist-field--link-list font-sans-sm">
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<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2020/04/13/deformed%20Kennedy%20bullet.jpg.webp?itok=bGdnjnqu" width="800" height="400" alt="a severely deformed Kennedy bullet illuminated on a platform beneath the camera" title="deformed Kennedy bullet" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<div class="nist-card__title">
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<h3> Kennedy Assassination Bullets Preserved in Digital Form
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<div class="text-long"><p>NIST scientists used advanced imaging techniques to create digital replicas of these important historical artifacts. Learn more in our <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="cdd2dc5a-6f21-4c2e-955c-7a0f7664638d" href="/news-events/news/2019/12/kennedy-assassination-bullets-preserved-digital-form" title="Kennedy Assassination Bullets Preserved in Digital Form">news story</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9d866430-80f3-4c79-a3f3-36a87f4664d4" href="/blogs/taking-measure/how-jfk-assassination-bullets-were-digitally-preserved-nist" title="How the JFK Assassination Bullets Were Digitally Preserved at NIST">blog post</a>, and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b29be49f-cb6c-442a-95d1-d1136e38958a" href="/feature-stories/preserving-kennedy-assassination-bullets-digital-form" title="Preserving the Kennedy Assassination Bullets in Digital Form">photo essay</a>.</p></div>
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<div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> On February 14, 1929, gunmen working for Al Capone disguised themselves as police officers, entered the warehouse of a competing gang, and shot seven of their rivals dead. The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre is famous not only in the annals of gangland history, but also the history of forensic science. Capone denied involvement, but an early forensic scientist named Calvin Goddard linked bullets from
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