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            value="2746596">-Sustainability</option><option
            value="248586" selected="selected">Fire</option><option
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            value="2816296">--Cancer</option><option
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            value="2753736">-Artificial intelligence</option><option
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            value="2788806">--Applied AI</option><option
            value="2788801">--Fundamental AI</option><option
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            value="2800991">--Machine learning</option><option
            value="2800836">--Trustworthy and responsible AI</option><option
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            value="248726">-Cyber-physical systems</option><option
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            value="2788821">--Securing emerging technologies</option><option
            value="2788826">--Trustworthy networks</option><option
            value="2788831">--Trustworthy platforms</option><option
            value="248756">-Data and informatics</option><option
            value="248761">--Human language technology</option><option
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            value="248781">-Federal information processing standards (FIPS)</option><option
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            value="248801">-Mobile</option><option
            value="248806">-Networking</option><option
            value="2753766">--Mobile and wireless networking</option><option
            value="2753756">--Network management and monitoring</option><option
            value="248811">--Network modeling and analysis</option><option
            value="2753746">--Network security and robustness</option><option
            value="2753751">--Network test and measurement</option><option
            value="248816">--Next generation networks</option><option
            value="2753761">--Protocol design and standardization</option><option
            value="2753771">--Software defined and virtual networks</option><option
            value="248821">-Privacy</option><option
            value="248826">-Software research</option><option
            value="248841">--Software testing</option><option
            value="248846">-Usability and human factors</option><option
            value="248851">--Accessibility</option><option
            value="248776">-Video analytics</option><option
            value="2788836">-Virtual / augmented reality</option><option
            value="248856">-Visualization research</option><option
            value="248861">-Voting systems</option><option
            value="2748236">Infrastructure</option><option
            value="248866">Manufacturing</option><option
            value="248871">-Additive manufacturing</option><option
            value="2746601">-Factory communications</option><option
            value="248886">-Factory operations planning and control</option><option
            value="248891">-Interoperability in manufacturing</option><option
            value="248901">-Machining</option><option
            value="2788841">-Manufacturing economics</option><option
            value="248916">-Manufacturing quality assurance</option><option
            value="248906">-Manufacturing systems design and analysis</option><option
            value="2784921">-Monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics</option><option
            value="2748446">-Process improvement</option><option
            value="248911">-Process measurement and control</option><option
            value="2748451">-Product data</option><option
            value="248921">-Robotics in manufacturing</option><option
            value="2748476">--Agility and adaptability</option><option
            value="2748456">--Collaborative robots</option><option
            value="2748461">--Dexterous grasping</option><option
            value="2748471">--Manipulation</option><option
            value="2748466">--Mobility and industrial autonomous vehicles</option><option
            value="2748486">--Navigation / actuation / control</option><option
            value="2748481">--Sensing and perception</option><option
            value="248926">-Supply chain</option><option
            value="248931">-Sustainable manufacturing</option><option
            value="2748491">-Systems engineering</option><option
            value="2748496">-Systems integration</option><option
            value="248936">-Technology commercialization</option><option
            value="248946">Materials</option><option
            value="248951">-Ceramics</option><option
            value="248956">-Composites</option><option
            value="248961">-Concrete / cement</option><option
            value="248966">-Materials characterization</option><option
            value="248971">--Composition and structure</option><option
            value="248981">--Mechanical properties</option><option
            value="248986">--Thermal properties</option><option
            value="248991">-Metals</option><option
            value="248996">-Modeling and computational material science</option><option
            value="249001">-Polymers</option><option
            value="249006">-Superconductors</option><option
            value="249011">Mathematics and statistics</option><option
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            value="249051">Metrology</option><option
            value="249061">-Amount of substance</option><option
            value="249066">-Dimensional metrology</option><option
            value="249071">-Electrical / electromagnetic metrology</option><option
            value="249081">-Flow metrology and rheology</option><option
            value="249086">-Force metrology</option><option
            value="249091">-Humidity metrology</option><option
            value="249096">-Ionizing radiation metrology</option><option
            value="249101">-Mass metrology</option><option
            value="2746606">-Metric</option><option
            value="249106">-Optical / photometry / laser metrology</option><option
            value="249111">-Pressure and vacuum metrology</option><option
            value="249116">-Thermometry metrology</option><option
            value="249121">-Time and frequency metrology</option><option
            value="2746611">-Weights and measures</option><option
            value="249126">Nanotechnology</option><option
            value="249131">-Nanobiotechnology</option><option
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            value="249141">-Nanoelectronics</option><option
            value="249146">-Nanofabrication / manufacturing</option><option
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            value="249166">-Nanomagnetics</option><option
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            value="249426">Performance excellence</option><option
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            value="249336">-Response robots</option><option
            value="249456">Resilience</option><option
            value="2746576">-Community resilience</option><option
            value="2816306">--Recovery</option><option
            value="2816311">--Resilience metrics</option><option
            value="248456">-Disaster and failure studies</option><option
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            value="2788846">-Resilience economics</option><option
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            value="249341">Standards</option><option
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            value="249376">-Reference data</option><option
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            value="249391">-Standards education</option><option
            value="2813456">Technology transfer</option><option
            value="249396">Transportation</option><option
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      NIST Authors in <strong>Bold</strong>
<p></p>Displaying 26 - 50 of 3896
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              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/use-neural-network-evaluation-total-absorptivity-glass-non-gray-absorbingemitting">On the Use of Neural Network for Evaluation of Total Absorptivity of Glass in a Non-gray Absorbing/Emitting N2/CO2/H2O Mixture Environment</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        March 13, 2024
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                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong  Tam</span>,   Walter W.  Yuen</div>
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    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Total absorptivity of glass in the presence of a N2/CO2/H2O is determined numerically using the glass spectral optical properties and the spectroscopic data from RADCAL. Results show that mixture properties (surface temperature, mixture temperature, and


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              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/estimations-photopheresis-and-thermophoresis-impacts-soot-particle-velocity">Estimations of Photopheresis and Thermophoresis Impacts on Soot Particle Velocity</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        March 12, 2024
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Emma  Veley</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Amy  Mensch</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Ryan  Falkenstein-Smith</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Thomas  Cleary</span></div>
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    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        The dissemination of soot particles onto surfaces in a compartment fire is affected by local radiation and temperature gradients. Subsequently, any deposition model must account for the influence of photopheresis and thermophoresis on the deposition


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/compartment-fires-challenges-fire-modeling-tool-safe-design">Compartment fires: challenges for fire modeling as a tool for safe design</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        February 1, 2024
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item">Tarek  Beji,   Talal  Fateh,   Jason  Floyd,   hugues  Pretrel,   <span class="nist-author">Anthony  Hamins</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        The use of fire models to support fire protection engineering decisions requires an understanding of model shortcomings and assurance in their predictive robustness. This note is a summary of the online 'compartment fire' workshop that was organized prior


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/building-fire-hazard-predictions-using-machine-learning">Building Fire Hazard Predictions Using Machine Learning</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        January 26, 2024
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item">Eugene Yujun  Fu,   <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong  Tam</span>,   Tianhang  Zhang,   Xinyan  Huang</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        The lack of information on the fire ground has always been the leading factor in making wrong decisions . Wrong decisions can be made by individual firefighters, their local chiefs, and/or the incident commander. Any wrong decision at any level (scale)


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/new-fire-protection-materials">New Fire Protection Materials</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        January 26, 2024
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Andre  Thompson</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Residential upholstered furniture (RUF) is the leading combustible in fatal fires in the United States. In the last few decades, fire-retardant (FRs) chemicals have been largely used in attempt to reduce RUF flammability; however, concerns about possible


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/analysis-steel-gravity-frame-composite-floor-system-subjected-compartment-fire-test-2">Analysis of a Steel Gravity Frame with Composite Floor System Subjected to Compartment Fire (Test #2)</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        October 23, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Mohammed  Morovat</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Joseph  Main</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Jonathan  Weigand</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Malcolm  Ammons</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Fahim H.  Sadek</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Long  Phan</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        This report describes the development and validation of a computational modeling approach for steel gravity frames with composite floor systems subjected to fire exposure. A full-scale compartment fire test conducted on a two-story steel gravity frame


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/generation-firebrands-burning-full-scale-vegetation-absence-ambient-wind">Generation of Firebrands from the Burning of Full-Scale Vegetation in the Absence of Ambient Wind</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        October 23, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Isaac  Leventon</span>,   Mahdi  Tlemsani,   Mohammadhadi  Hajilou,   Xiaoyu  Ju,   Michael  Gollner</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        9 Between December 2019 and January 2020, 14 full-scale experiments were conducted at the University of 10 Maryland (UMD) in collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure 11 variations in burning behavior and fireb


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/persistence-smoke-vocs-indoors-partitioning-surface-cleaning-and-air-cleaning-smoke">The persistence of smoke VOCs indoors: partitioning, surface cleaning, and air cleaning in a smoke-contaminated house</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        October 13, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item">Jienan  Li,   <span class="nist-author">Michael F.  Link</span>,   Shubhrangshu  Pandit,   Marc  Webb,   Cholaphan  Deeleepojananan,   Kathryn  Mayer,   Lauren  Garofalo,   Katelyn  Rediger,   <span class="nist-author">Dustin  Poppendieck</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Stephen  Zimmerman</span>,   Marina  Vance,   Vicki  Grassian,   Glenn  Morrison,   Barbara  Turpin,   Delphine  Farmer</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Wildfires are increasing in frequency, raising concerns that smoke can permeate indoor environments and expose people to chemical air contaminants. To study smoke transformations in indoor environments and evaluate mitigation strategies, we added smoke to


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/report-high-energy-arcing-fault-experiments-experimental-results-medium-voltage-bus">Report on High Energy Arcing Fault Experiments: Experimental Results from Medium-Voltage Bus Duct and Switchgear Enclosures</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        September 15, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Gabriel  Taylor</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Anthony D.  Putorti Jr.</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Scott  Bareham</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Christopher U.  Brown</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong  Tam</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Ryan  Falkenstein-Smith</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Stephen  Fink</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Michael  Heck</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Edward  Hnetkovsky</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Nicholas  Melly</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Kenneth  Hamburger</span>,   Kenneth  Miller</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate high energy arcing fault (HEAF) phenomena for medium-voltage, metal-enclosed bus ducts and switchgear. This report covers full-scale laboratory experiments using representative nuclear


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/national-institute-standards-and-technology-environmental-scan-2023-societal-and">National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan 2023: Societal and Technology Landscape to Inform Science and Technology Research</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        August 23, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Ashley  Boggs-Russell</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Kerrianne  Buchanan</span>,   <span class="nist-author">David W.  Griffith</span>,   Heather  Evans,   <span class="nist-author">Dimitrios  Meritis</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Lisa  Ng</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Anna  Sberegaeva</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Michelle  Stephens</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        The 2023 National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan provides an analysis of key external factors that could impact NIST and the fulfillment of its mission in coming years. The analyses were conducted through three separate lenses


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/cfd-informed-design-bench-scale-experiments-characterize-air-entrainment-fuel-beds">CFD informed design of bench-scale experiments to characterize air entrainment into fuel beds induced by columnar vortices</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        August 17, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Giovanni  Di Cristina Torres</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Rodney  Bryant</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Recent experiments show that strong vortices, similar to fire whirls, can form far from a fire front in the region of smoldering fuel. These buoyancy-induced columnar vortices, visualized by entrained smolder smoke, were observed lofting hot embers into


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/analysis-sensitivity-rate-buoyancy-driven-flame-spread-solid-material-uncertainties">An analysis of the sensitivity of the rate of buoyancy-driven flame spread on a solid material to uncertainties in the pyrolysis and combustion properties. Is accurate prediction possible?</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        August 1, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item">Yan  Ding,   <span class="nist-author">Isaac  Leventon</span>,   Stanislav  Stoliarov</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        An upward, buoyancy-driven flame spread on combustible solids is frequently the dominant contributor to the growth of fire in built environment. Thus, an ability to accurately predict the development of a fire is strongly linked to the accuracy of flame


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/numerical-simulations-flame-spread-pine-needle-beds-using-simple-thermal-decomposition">Numerical simulations of flame spread in pine needle beds using simple thermal decomposition models</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 31, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Eric  Mueller</span>,   Zakary  Campbell-Lochrie,   Carlos  Walker-Ravena,   Rory  Hadden</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have increased in use for studying scenarios relevant to wildland fires, such as examination of the driving processes in flame spread in vegetative fuels. However, these tools utilize a complex set of submodels


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/review-thermal-exposure-and-fire-spread-mechanisms-large-outdoor-fires-and-built">A review of thermal exposure and fire spread mechanisms in Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 28, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item">Alex  Filkov,   Virginie  Tihay-Felicelli,   Nima  Masoudvaziri,   David  Rush,   Andres  Valencia,   Yu  Wang,   David  Blunck,   Mario  Valero,   Kamila  Kempna,   Jeruzalemska  Jan Smolka,   Jacques  De Beer,   Zakary  Campbell-Lochrie,   Felipe  Centeno,   Muhammad Asim Ibrahim  Stuvaregatan,   Calisa Katiuscia  Lemmertz,   <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong  Tam</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Due to socio-economic and climatic changes around the world, large outdoor fires in the built environment have become one of the global issues that threaten billions of people. The devastating effects of them are indicative of weaknesses in existing


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/case-study-camp-fire-notification-evacuation-traffic-and-temporary-refuge-areas-nettra">A Case Study of the Camp Fire - Notification, Evacuation, Traffic, and Temporary Refuge Areas (NETTRA)</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 18, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Alexander  Maranghides</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Eric  Link</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Christopher U.  Brown</span>,   <span class="nist-author">William D.  Walton</span>,   William  Mell,   Steven  Hawks</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        The 2018 Camp Fire in Butte County, California quickly impacted the communities of Concow, Paradise, and Magalia, triggering widespread evacuation of 40000 people. The fire became the most deadly and destructive fire in California history, resulting in 85


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/measuring-firebrand-heat-flux-thin-skin-calorimeter">Measuring Firebrand Heat Flux with a Thin-Skin Calorimeter</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 11, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Amy  Mensch</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Savannah  Wessies</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Anthony  Hamins</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Jiann C.  Yang</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        While the impact of wildland-urban interface fires is growing, firebrand exposure is a significant but not well understood contributor to fire spread. The ignition threat of firebrand exposures can be characterized by measuring the heat transfer of glowing


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/coherent-laser-ranging-deforming-objects-fires-sub-millimeter-precision">Coherent Laser Ranging of Deforming Objects in Fires at Sub-Millimeter Precision</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 7, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Matthew  Hoehler</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Artur A.  Chernovsky</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Matthew  Bundy</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Esther  Baumann</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        This paper applies coherent Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Light Detection and Ranging to capture three-dimensional measurements of objects in fire at meters of stand-off distance. Despite the presence of flame depths up to 1.5 m obscuring the target


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/convective-heat-transfer-correlation-single-surrogate-firebrand-and-simplified">Convective Heat Transfer Correlation for a Single Surrogate Firebrand and a Simplified Firebrand Pile on a Flat Plate Using Naphthalene Sublimation in Heated Air Flow</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 7, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Savannah  Wessies</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Jiann C.  Yang</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Previous studies have shown that most structure ignitions in wildland urban-interface fires are due to firebrand deposition and ignition. The heat transfer mechanisms involved in firebrand deposition need further study and characterization for better


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/concentration-ignitable-liquid-residue-simulated-fire-debris-dynamic-vapor">Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residue from Simulated Fire Debris by Dynamic Vapor Microextraction: Sensitivity to Instrument Settings and Debris Characteristics</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        July 6, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Jennifer  Berry</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Mary  Gregg</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Amanda  Koepke</span>,   Reta  Newman,   <span class="nist-author">Kavita  Jeerage</span></div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Dynamic vapor microextraction (DVME) is a potential method for the extraction and concentration of ignitable liquid (IL) residue in fire debris. This low flow rate, purge-and-trap headspace concentration method collects IL vapors onto a chilled adsorbent


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/towards-real-time-heart-health-monitoring-firefighting-using-convolutional-neural">Towards Real-Time Heart Health Monitoring in Firefighting Using Convolutional Neural Networks</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        June 28, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Jiajia  Li</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Christopher U.  Brown</span>,   Dillon  Dzikowicz,   Mary  Carey,   <span class="nist-author">Wai Cheong  Tam</span>,   Michael Xuelin  Huang</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        A machine learning-based heart health monitoring model, named H2M, was developed. 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) data from 112 professional firefighters was used to train the proposed model. The model used carefully designed multi-layer convolution neural


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/nist-outdoor-structure-separation-experiments-nosse-wind">NIST Outdoor Structure Separation Experiments (NOSSE) with Wind</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        May 31, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Alexander  Maranghides</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Shonali  Nazare</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Eric  Link</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Kathryn  Butler</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Erik L.  Johnsson</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Matthew  Bundy</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Artur A.  Chernovsky</span>,   Frank  Bigelow,   Steven  Hawks,   William (Ruddy)  Mell,   Anthony  Bova,   Thomas  Milac,   William  Walton,   Bob  Raymer,   Frank  Frievalt</div>
</div>
      </div>
            
    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        The NIST Outdoor Structure Separation Experiments are part of the NIST Structure Separation Experiments project, which is designed to assess structure-to-structure fire spread in the wildland-urban interface. In the first phase of this project, fire


    </div>
  </div>
</article>
</div>
  <div>

<article
       class="nist-teaser"
    >
      <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
    <header>
              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/wind-driven-fire-spread-structure-firewood-piles">Wind-driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Firewood Piles</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        March 30, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Erik L.  Johnsson</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Kathryn  Butler</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Marco G.  Fernandez</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Shonali  Nazare</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Alexander  Maranghides</span></div>
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        A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for firewood piles under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of firewood types in


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    >
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              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/experimental-studies-heat-flux-individual-firebrands">Experimental Studies on the Heat Flux of Individual Firebrands</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        March 22, 2023
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                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Amy  Mensch</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Savannah  Wessies</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Anthony  Hamins</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Jiann C.  Yang</span></div>
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    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        Every year, thousands of wildfires burn all over the world threatening lives and property in the wildland-urban interface. These wildland-urban interface fires spread by radiation, direct flame contact, or firebrand transport. Firebrand exposures are a


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              <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/examining-effectiveness-water-suppression-mitigating-backdrafts">Examining the effectiveness of water suppression for mitigating backdrafts</a></h3>
                        <div class="nist-teaser__date">
        March 19, 2023
      </div>
                  <div class="nist-teaser__type">
        <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline">
  <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div>
  <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Ryan  Falkenstein-Smith</span>,   <span class="nist-author">Thomas  Cleary</span></div>
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    </header>
    <div class="nist-teaser__content">
        An analysis of the backdraft phenomenon's mitigation from water suppression is con- ducted in a 2/5th scale compartment. Different volumes of water were introduced via a ceiling- mounted misting nozzle into the compartment, which hosted conditions


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