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|
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
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</li>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a>
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<a href="/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a>
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<a href="/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
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|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button>
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<div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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<div class="grid-row">
|
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
|
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|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
|
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|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
|
</div>
|
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|
|
</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
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|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button>
|
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<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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|
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<div class="grid-row">
|
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
|
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|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
|
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|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button>
|
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<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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<div class="grid-row">
|
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
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<div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
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<div class="grid-row">
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li>
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<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Organization Structure</a>
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<a href="/about-nist/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a>
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<h1 class="nist-page__title">The Role of Photonics and Other Enabling Technologies in Driving Future Ecoomic Growth</h1>
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<div class="datetime"><time datetime="1997-10-23T12:00:00Z">October 23, 1997</time>
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|
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<p>Robert Hebner<br>Acting Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology</p>
|
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|
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>Venue</h2>
|
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<div class="text-long"><p>Boston University</p></div>
|
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<p>Technology is driving growth at every level of our economy. For example, most economists now agree that three ingredients are essential to economic growth: capital, labor, and technology. Raw materials have become less significant. When we think of large modern economies, we think of the U.S., of Japan, and of Germany. Although the U.S. still has appreciable stocks of raw materials, the others do not. If we agree that three key ingredients of economic growth are capital, labor, and technology, we are forced to a sobering conclusion: All of these are highly mobile. We have no lock on economic leadership. We must continue to develop world class workers and world class technology if we hope to remain a world class economy.</p><p>Of these three components, technology is the most important. Leading economists estimate that technical progress has accounted for as much as one half of economic growth in the United States over the past 50 years. Of course, technology improves the productivity of labor. But, leading economists who have analyzed the role of technical progress in the postwar period found a greater influence on the productivity of capital. This is an area in which the U.S. has a natural advantage. Since the Second World War, the U.S. has invested heavily in its research infrastructure. Today we have world leading universities, government laboratories, and industrial laboratories. For example, just last week Bill Phillips of my institution, NIST, was one of the three awarded the Nobel prize in Physics for his pioneering work on laser cooling of atoms, work in the area of photonics that is important for future measurement science and important to physics today.</p><p>This year the Federal government is investing about $25 to $30 billion in the research that fuels this emerging technology. The funding is distributed among the National Science Foundation, the Departments of Defense and Energy, NASA, and, of course, the Department of Commerce that includes both NOAA and NIST. This is the Federal funding that provides some support to government and university research facilities. We need to protect and to find ways to expand this investment as it pays huge dividends for our economy.</p><p>We see the growth-inducing power of technology at the industry level. Our research-intensive industries—aerospace, chemicals, communications, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, semiconductors, and software—have been growing at about twice the rate of the economy as a whole in the past two decades.</p><p>We also see technology's growth-inducing power at the level of the individual firm. A recent Commerce Department analysis shows that firms using advanced technologies are more productive and profitable, pay higher wages, and increase employment more rapidly than firms that do not. Specifically, in the study, employment at plants that used eight or more advanced technologies grew 14.4 percent more than plants that used no advanced technologies, and production workers' wages were more than 14 percent higher.</p><p>The evidence is mounting. At the macroeconomic level, the industry level, and the firm level, technology is the engine of economic growth.</p><p>In the realm of technology, so-called enabling technologies are the most important factors in this economic growth equation. Throughout this century, enabling technologies—such as mass production, machine numerical control, and the transistor--have been powerful engines of growth. The integrated circuit is, perhaps, the defining enabling technology of the 20th century. Since its invention 40 years ago, it has enabled a whole range of new products and industries—from the computer to satellite communications—and it has had a profound impact on existing products and processes from automobiles, consumer electronics, and home appliances, to a broad range of advanced industrial systems. I would bet that, today, integrated circuits are involved as components or in the manufacture or delivery of nearly every product and service in a modern economy. The integrat
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|
|||
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<a href="/topic-terms/optoelectronics" hreflang="en">Optoelectronics</a></div>
|
|||
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|
|||
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<h2 class="nist-block__title">Speaker</h2>
|
|||
|
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<p>Robert Hebner<br>Acting Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology</p>
|
|||
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|
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|
|||
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>Venue</h2>
|
|||
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|
|||
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<div class="text-long"><p>Boston University</p></div>
|
|||
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|
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|
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<div class="text-italic font-sans-2xs">
|
|||
|
|
Created October 16, 2009, Updated June 2, 2021
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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