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<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
|||
|
|
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button>
|
|||
|
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<div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="grid-row">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
|||
|
|
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button>
|
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|
|
<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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|
|
<div class="grid-row">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
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|
|
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button>
|
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|
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<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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|
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<div class="grid-row">
|
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|
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
|
<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
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|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
|
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<div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
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<div class="grid-row">
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li>
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<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Organization Structure</a>
|
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<li>
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<a href="/about-nist/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a>
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</ul>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<div class="datetime"><time datetime="1997-07-22T12:00:00Z">July 22, 1997</time>
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<p>Robert Hebner<br>Acting Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology</p>
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<div class="text-long"><p>National Conference on Weights and Measures<br>Chicago, Illinois</p></div>
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<p>Prepared Remarks</p><ul><li><p>Good afternoon. It is especially rewarding to be able to speak with you today. I have spent most of my career working in laboratory-based research focusing on measurements and standards, and I have long understood their importance to the development and commercialization of new technologies. Even in my formative years, I had significant exposure to weights and measures.</p></li><li><p>I grew up on the Texas coastal plain at a time when cotton was king. My first salaried job was in a cotton gin, a small belt-driven factory that separated the cotton from its seed and compressed the cotton into bales. At that time, cotton was still picked by hand largely by crews of migrant workers augmented by locals with a little spare time.</p></li><li><p>The pickers were paid by the pound of cotton that they picked. Those of us who have ever done it appreciate how much work goes into picking a pound of cotton. The cotton was put into bags and when your picking sack was full, you took it to the trailer parked at the edge of the field. Attached to the side of the trailer was a rudimentary balance. You would weigh your sack, the farmer would record your name and how much you picked.</p></li><li><p>It is easy to imagine how either the farmers or the pickers could cheat using this system, and even when I'm in my most nostalgic mood, I know that people were not fundamentally more honest back in those days. So a system of checks involving the cotton gin evolved.</p></li><li><p>The farmer and one or more pickers would bring the trailer to the cotton gin. I would weigh the trailer, vacuum the cotton out of the trailer, reweigh the trailer to determine the tare, and calculate the weight of cotton. I would then calculate the total weight as determined by totaling each picker's weight as measured in the field. I would then use my determination of the total weight to re-calculate each picker's fair share. This was a weights and measures check and correction, done with pencil and paper, leaning against a tractor, with every step being checked in real time by both concerned parties. Thus, I have great empathy for inspectors who can't hide behind an anonymous letter, but who look people in the eye and say based on my measurements and calculations, there is a problem here and corrective action must be taken.</p></li><li><p>While it's a long way from the cotton fields of Texas, working as NIST's senior manager for the past six months has given me an even greater appreciation for the vital nature of our work in measurements and standards, especially as it relates to trends in trade, technology and international competitiveness.</p></li><li><p>I also have had the opportunity to do a bit of preaching about how the weights and measures function is crucial to equity in the marketplace and to consumer and industrial confidence in our system of trade. The reaction I usually get when I start spouting off on this subject is one of polite but sometimes feigned interest—until I hit on a weights and measures issue that's really close to home.</p></li><li><p>The new study of milk and dairy product packaging that several of you in this room took part in is a perfect case in point. It's exactly the kind of weights and measures issue that everyone can relate to. I'll have a few words to say about that study a bit later.</p></li></ul><h3>Technology and Trade Changes</h3><ul><li><p>While touring the museum of the Patent and Trademark Office, like NIST another agency in the Department of Commerce, I recently learned that in 1266, England passed a law that required all bakers to put a distinguishing mark on each loaf of bread that they baked. This is considered to be an early use of a trademark. The purpose of this trademark was not advertising, however. It was to identify bakers who were making loaves that were too light. Clearly, what was important in the 13th century remains critical for trade as we enter the 21st century. I suppose this supports the old axiom that the more things change, the more they remain the same.</p></li><
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|
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<p>Robert Hebner<br>Acting Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology</p>
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<div class="text-long"><p>National Conference on Weights and Measures<br>Chicago, Illinois</p></div>
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Created October 16, 2009, Updated October 25, 2016
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