nist-gov/www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption

1108 lines
96 KiB
Text
Raw Normal View History

2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0
<noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style>
</noscript><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script>
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "G-CSLL4ZEK4L", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"BT1-absorption","node_id":"1580501","content_type":"Basic page"});</script>
<meta name="description" content="At the NCNR, we usually apply absorption corrections directly to diffraction data" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.nist.gov/node/1580501" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="BT1-absorption | NIST" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST" />
<meta property="og:type" content="Article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption" />
<meta property="og:title" content="BT1-absorption" />
<meta property="og:description" content="At the NCNR, we usually apply absorption corrections directly to diffraction data" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist_mark.png" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-09-05T14:20-04:00" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-09-06T15:33-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.title" content="BT1-absorption" />
<meta name="dcterms.description" content="At the NCNR, we usually apply absorption corrections directly to diffraction data" />
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2019-09-05T14:20-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.type" content="text" />
<meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption" />
<meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST" />
<meta name="dcterms.created" content="2019-09-05T14:20-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2019-09-06T15:33-04:00" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="At the NCNR, we usually apply absorption corrections directly to diffraction data" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="BT1-absorption" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2019-09-06T15:33:00-04:00" />
<meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="page" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<title>BT1-absorption | NIST</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_SfuCIQxqGUtuEutNrwz5Iq3HgqdnlXnpFUeyM1ySoII.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFTYsKwyAM_CGpnxSihi00mmLSuf39bNdRCEfuuEfCvILrvC2m-wfO2kJjc_AnVZqaSsIOVUssbJiEQLitwT7mVGfW6PTHh2hC-WXHGH9Obz_8sfR9Q1kuGkwzo0ClwniUcA4vpmHxxGXO7UJ3WeXc1djpCzgLSG8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kGS0ApDpFo-_3JI4Ijxg4RCWlTqsImK3lqH7bCv5v2U.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFTYsKwyAM_CGpnxSihi00mmLSuf39bNdRCEfuuEfCvILrvC2m-wfO2kJjc_AnVZqaSsIOVUssbJiEQLitwT7mVGfW6PTHh2hC-WXHGH9Obz_8sfR9Q1kuGkwzo0ClwniUcA4vpmHxxGXO7UJ3WeXc1djpCzgLSG8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_-IXwLuTUdm8IGHxib8GX8wWKw3LjKsNWSYYskZ5fEGg.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFTYsKwyAM_CGpnxSihi00mmLSuf39bNdRCEfuuEfCvILrvC2m-wfO2kJjc_AnVZqaSsIOVUssbJiEQLitwT7mVGfW6PTHh2hC-WXHGH9Obz_8sfR9Q1kuGkwzo0ClwniUcA4vpmHxxGXO7UJ3WeXc1djpCzgLSG8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_jmXeSZNqhh6ayjrVIlS8rDw3mcnQaE5dzE2ZwwPSzNA.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFTYsKwyAM_CGpnxSihi00mmLSuf39bNdRCEfuuEfCvILrvC2m-wfO2kJjc_AnVZqaSsIOVUssbJiEQLitwT7mVGfW6PTHh2hC-WXHGH9Obz_8sfR9Q1kuGkwzo0ClwniUcA4vpmHxxGXO7UJ3WeXc1djpCzgLSG8" />
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_GM8kl6wk698qKTTwusj83bCoGHHtOZ1UinjY1sE_Qbk.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjW0OwjAIhi805UiErtjhWFlatHp7O53RLOEHPLwfgcYZ3fqsEH47XuuQzJIyUiZ9uowVjmDIUh0v0lm0ltUoopceIjlBos-7irMsa7E7wxFsLW_mEy_ce00DFVwsQpRKoQer5PmtgaQWSE-7BSamyOV7YmvtT8EP34wQy20lPe_nC6DrXYU"></script>
</head>
<body class="node-1580501">
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude>
Skip to main content
</a>
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Heres how you know</p>
</div>
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default">
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Heres how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false">
<title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg>
</span>
) or <strong>https://</strong> means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;">
<p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption</p>
<img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" />
</div>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner">
<div class="usa-navbar">
<div class="usa-logo flex-fill">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home">
<img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto">
<div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group">
<form class="usa-search usa-search--small"
accept-charset="UTF-8"
action="/search"
id="search_form"
method="get">
<div role="search">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label>
<input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128">
<button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1">
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
<button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button>
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<a class="usa-nav__link" href="/publications">Publications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-2"><span>What We Do</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs &amp; Major Programs</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools &amp; Instruments</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services &amp; Resources</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License &amp; Patents</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News &amp; Events</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Organization Structure</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/about-nist/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget &amp; Planning</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/iaao/academic-affairs-office" class="usa-nav__link">Student programs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
</div>
<div
id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"
>
<section
class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"
>
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top-full"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--341086 nist-section-header--menu nist-section-header--interior">
<div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container">
<div class="nist-section-header__title">
<h2><a href="/ncnr">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a></h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container margin-top-4">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-6">
<aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3">
<div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div
class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--section-nav" data-elastic-exclude=""
>
<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-a42f1c610aceb1bb954054ae3d3d8ccfd450b258801244acc4d094d3249c97f4">
<div><div class="views-field views-field-nid"><span class="field-content">
<nav>
<ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion ">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www-s.nist.gov/NCNR-IMS/login.do" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Logon to your NCNR-IMS account</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/obtaining-beam-time" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Obtaining Beam Time</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ncnr/arrange-visit-ncnr" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Arrange a visit to NCNR</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-3"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-3" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/chrns/travel-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="">CHRNS Student Travel Assistance</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/arrange-visit-ncnr/financial-assistance" data-drupal-link-system-path="">U. Maryland Travel Assistance</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/arrange-visit-ncnr/hotels-and-travel" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Hotels and Travel</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/arrange-visit-ncnr/obtaining-access-ncnr" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Obtaining Access to NCNR</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/arrange-visit-ncnr/visa-questions" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Visa Questions?</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/about-nist/visit/campus-access-and-security" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NIST Access Control Policy</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ncnr/planning-your-experiment" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Planning Your Experiment</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-4"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-4" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/planning-your-experiment/shipping-samples-ncnr" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Shipping samples to NCNR</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/planning-your-experiment/scattering-length-periodic-table" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Scattering Length Periodic Table</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/resources/activation/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Activation and SLD Calculator</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/ipeek" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Live Data</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ncnr/about-ncnr" data-drupal-link-system-path="">About NCNR</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-6"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-6" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-center-neutron-research-over-40-years-serving-nistnbs-and-nation" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Informal History</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/about-ncnr/employmentresearch-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Employment/Research Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/about-ncnr/ncnr-annual-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NCNR Annual Reports</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2019/09/24/ncnr_dmp_v04.pdf" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Data Management Plan</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Neutron Instruments</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments/general-info-and-layout" data-drupal-link-system-path="">General Info and Layout</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments/instrument-contacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Instrument contacts</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments/instrument-control-software-0" title="Info on the NICE instrument control environment" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Instrument Control Software</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="http://physics.nist.gov/MajResFac/NIF/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Neutron imaging</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-4"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-4" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/neutron-imaging-facility-nif" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT2 Neutron Imaging Facility (NIF)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/cold-neutron-imaging-instrument" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG6 Cold Neutron Imaging Facility</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/instruments/bt1/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Crystallography</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-5"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-5" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/high-resolution-powder-diffractometer-bt-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT1 High Resolution Powder Diffractometer</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/bt-8-diffractometer-stress-and-texture" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT8 Residual Stress Diffractometer</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments/reflectometry" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Reflectometry</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-6"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-6" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/chrns-candor-white-beam-reflectometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">CANDOR White Beam Reflectometer [CHRNS]</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/magik-reflectometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">MAGIK Offspecular Reflectometer</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/ng7-horizontal-neutron-reflectometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG7 Cold Neutron Reflectometer- Horizontal Sample Geometry</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/polarized-beam-reflectometer-pbr" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Polarized Beam Reflectometer/Diffractometer (PBR)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments/small-angle-neutron-scattering-sans" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-7"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-7" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/chrns-usans-ultra-small-angle-neutron-scattering" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT5 Perfect Crystal SANS (USANS)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/chrns-vsans-very-small-angle-neutron-scattering" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG3 Very Small Angle Scattering Instrument [CHRNS]</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/ng7-sans-small-angle-neutron-scattering" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG7 30m Small Angle Scattering Instrument</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="http://www.nist.gov/ncnr/10m-sans-small-angle-neutron-scattering" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NGB 10 m Small Angle Scattering Instrument [nSOFT]</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/chrns-30m-sans-small-angle-neutron-scattering" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NGB 30m Small Angle Scattering Instrument</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/neutron-instruments/spectroscopy" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Spectroscopy</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-8"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-8" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/filter-analyzer-spectrometer-fans" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT4 Filter Analyzer Neutron Spectrometer</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/bt-4-triple-axis-spectrometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT4 Triple Axis Spectrometer</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/bt-7-double-focusing-triple-axis-spectrometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT7 Triple Axis Spectrometer</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/chrns-macs-multi-axis-crystal-spectrometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BT9 Multi-Axis Crystal Spectrometer (MACS) [CHRNS]</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/high-flux-backscattering-spectrometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG2 High-Flux Backscattering Spectrometer (HFBS) [CHRNS]</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/dcs-disk-chopper-spectrometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG4 Disk-Chopper Time-of-Flight Spectrometer (DCS)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/spin-polarized-inelastic-neutron-spectrometer-spins" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG5 Spin-Polarized Triple-axis Spectrometer (SPINS)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/chrns-nse-neutron-spin-echo-spectrometer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NGA Neutron Spin Echo Spectrometer (NSE) [CHRNS]</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/pml/radiation-physics/neutron-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Neutron physics</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-9"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-7-9" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="http://www.nist.gov/pml/div682/grp03/index.cfm" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG6M Neutron Physics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments/neutron-interferometry-and-optics-facilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NG7 Neutron Interferometer (NIOF)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="http://www.nist.gov/pml/div682/grp03/index.cfm" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NGC Neutron Physics 0.5 nm</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/schedules" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Schedules</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/spin-filters" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Spin Filters</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/sample-environment" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Sample Environment</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/sample-prep-labs" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Sample Prep Labs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ncnr/data-reduction-analysis" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Data Reduction &amp; Analysis</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-12"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-12" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/data-reduction-analysis/reflectometry-software" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Reflectometry Software</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/data-reduction-analysis/sans-software" data-drupal-link-system-path="">SANS Software</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ncnr/publishing-your-results" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Publishing Your Results</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-13"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-nist-center-for-neutron-res-13" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/chrns/publications-and-acknowledgment" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Publishing CHRNS Results</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/publishing-your-results/werb" data-drupal-link-system-path="">WERB</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/facilities-upgrades-during-unplanned-outage" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Facilities Upgrades during the Unplanned Outage</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/programs-projects/chrns-non-equilibrium-structure-materials-initiative" title="CHRNS Non-Equilibrium Structure of Materials Initiative" data-drupal-link-system-path="">CHRNS Non-Equilibrium Initiative</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ncnr/chrns/education-and-outreach" data-drupal-link-system-path="">CHRNS Education and Outreach</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://nug.umd.edu/index.html" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NCNR User Group</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</span></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</aside>
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<h1 class="nist-page__title">BT1-absorption</h1>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div data-elastic-exclude class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper">
<h2 class="nist-social__title">Share</h2>
<div class="social-media-sharing">
<div class="nist-social__wrapper--share">
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption"
title="Facebook" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-gray">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption&amp;source=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption"
title="Linkedin" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-gray">
<span>Linkedin</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption&amp;status=https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption"
title="X.com" class="nist-social nist-social--x-gray">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a href="mailto:?subject=NIST.gov&amp;body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/bt1-absorption"
title="Email" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-gray">
<span>Email</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="text-with-summary">
<p>At the NCNR, we usually apply absorption corrections directly to diffraction data. Assuming one knows the neutron wavelength, approximate sample volume, mass and composition of the sample, (you really should know all of these,) the effects of absorption can be computed</p>
<ol><li><strong>How much ab</strong>sorption do I have?&nbsp;You can plug the material composition, wavelength, thickness and density into the&nbsp;'absorption and scattering' part of the<a href="https://www.ncnr.nist.gov/resources/activation/"> BT-7 calculator.</a>&nbsp;Incoherent scattering, like absorption, makes neutrons unavailable for diffraction, so sum all values in the "Scattering cross section" column to obtain a&nbsp;"Linear Attenuation Factor (LAF)" in units of cm<sup>-1</sup>. (Note that the thickness is not used in calculating the LAF using this calculator but is for the Neutron Transmission given under the outputted table.) Multiply this LAF&nbsp;by the sample&nbsp;radius&nbsp;in cm (common BT-1 can sizes: A: 0.3 cm, B: 0.46 cm, C: 0.54 cm, D: 0.62 cm, E: 0.78 cm). This provides a unit-less constant, "mu.R". <strong>When mu.R &lt;&lt; 1, absorption is negligible</strong>. <strong>When mu.R &lt;= 1, absorption will shift atomic displacement parameters </strong>("temperature parameters") somewhat, but corrections are probably not needed.<strong> If mu.R &gt; 1, an absorption correction is certainly needed, </strong>but a better choice is to do the experiment better: Use a smaller diameter can, or even better use an annular can, to reduce the absorption effects and increase the scattering intensities.</li>
<li>Obtain Absorption Correction Factors&nbsp;Using the "Mu.R" value, one can look up absorption correction factors for the cylindrical geometry (A*). <a href="https://archive.org/details/InternationalTablesForX-rayCrystallographyVol2/page/n309">Table 5.3.5B</a> in Volume II of the International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography (p. 295ff) tabulates A* for 0 &lt;= mu.R &lt;= 20, while Table 6.3.3.2 in Volume C of the International Tables for Crystallography (p. 523 in the 1995 ed.) tabulates A* for 0 &lt;= mu.R &lt;= 2.5.&nbsp;It is possible to compute absorption correction factors using the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ncnr/dave-data-analysis-software">DAVE</a>&nbsp;program, for both cylindrical and annual geometries (see, "Planning tools" -&gt; "Self-shielding" in the menu, plot self-shielding factors&nbsp;and take the reciprocal). OR run the supplied python script and select the closest value to your&nbsp;"Mu.R".</li>
<li>&nbsp;Fit the A* vs theta values to a Chebyshev polynomial Use the supplied Python&nbsp;fitting routine to extract the coefficients either through using the "Mu.R" selector or reading a file of&nbsp; A* values. Save the coefficients in your data directory with the name&nbsp;<strong><em>abs.corr</em></strong> [line 1:&nbsp;header, line 2: the number of Chebyshev terms, followed by the terms.) Rename .py and check your local pythonw location:&nbsp;<a class="media-link-ga " data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="7edda66d-4967-4e2a-ab1b-46180d806cdd" data-file-url="/system/files/documents/2019/09/06/absorption.py.txt" href="/document/absorptionpytxt" title="absorption.py.txt">absorption.py.txt</a></li>
<li>Run <em>gformat</em> using the Chebyshev polynomial values&nbsp;To apply an absorption correction :
<ul><li>Run <em>proprep</em> on the BT-1 file(s) to create&nbsp;.raw versions of the .bt1 files.:&nbsp;
<pre>proprep file.bt1</pre>
<p>OR</p>
<pre>proprep file1.bt1 file2.bt1 ...</pre>
</li>
<li>Run <em>gformat</em> on the .raw files, using the -a option to trigger the program to apply the absorption correction:&nbsp;
<pre>gformat -a file.raw</pre>
<p>OR</p>
<pre>gformat -a -s file1.raw file2.raw ... </pre>
</li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="text-italic font-sans-2xs">
Created September 5, 2019, Updated September 6, 2019
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4">
<div class="grid-container nist-footer__info">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__logo">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home">
<img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__contact">
<h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3>
<address>
100 Bureau Drive<br>
Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br>
<a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a>
</address>
<p>
<a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__social-links">
<a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href=" https://www.facebook.com/NIST">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href=" https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist">
<span>LinkedIn</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href=" https://www.instagram.com/nist/">
<span>Instagram</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href=" https://www.youtube.com/NIST">
<span>YouTube</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href=" https://giphy.com/nist">
<span>Giphy</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href=" https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds">
<span>RSS Feed</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href=" https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new">
<span>Mailing List</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__feedback">
How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/ncnr/bt1-absorption" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation">
<ul>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</div>
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1580501","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".ck-editor, .nist-video-thumbnail__lightbox-trigger, a.nist-icon--mail-blue","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"after","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"bd6a443844dbe99b4e6942f3b1397526e760137efd2b1ee6b2d588fc414dff20"}}</script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_jDaFaXhHm6gPUKstNYX9eIyoQXghVs3g7rbR0QoqpYY.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjW0OwjAIhi805UiErtjhWFlatHp7O53RLOEHPLwfgcYZ3fqsEH47XuuQzJIyUiZ9uowVjmDIUh0v0lm0ltUoopceIjlBos-7irMsa7E7wxFsLW_mEy_ce00DFVwsQpRKoQer5PmtgaQWSE-7BSamyOV7YmvtT8EP34wQy20lPe_nC6DrXYU"></script>
<script src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_709kuJyJYTt2lWrlwglvgNyqkgqlZSSNCLusQNdUubs.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjW0OwjAIhi805UiErtjhWFlatHp7O53RLOEHPLwfgcYZ3fqsEH47XuuQzJIyUiZ9uowVjmDIUh0v0lm0ltUoopceIjlBos-7irMsa7E7wxFsLW_mEy_ce00DFVwsQpRKoQer5PmtgaQWSE-7BSamyOV7YmvtT8EP34wQy20lPe_nC6DrXYU"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":5,"applicationTime":667,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>