1392 lines
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<h1 class="nist-page__title">We Need a Second Earth to Support Our Current Consumption. We Can Do Better if We Think ‘Circular.’</h1>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-04-19T12:00:00Z">April 19, 2023</time>
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<span>By: </span>
|
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/nehika-mathur" hreflang="en">Nehika Mathur</a>
|
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<a href="mailto:?subject=NIST.gov&body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/we-need-second-earth-support-our-current-consumption-we-can-do-better-if-we"
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<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2023/04/13/nostal6ie_SS_1484695442_broken%20solar%20panel.jpg" width="1000" height="485" alt="A ground-mounted solar panel has a spiderweb crack in the lower left-hand corner. " typeof="foaf:Image">
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<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
|
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nostal6ie/Shutterstock
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<p>Each year, scientists calculate the date at which humanity’s demands for the Earth’s resources exceed the Earth’s capacity to regenerate what we need in a year. It’s called <a href="https://www.overshootday.org/">Earth Overshoot Day</a>. </p><p>In 1971, it fell on Dec. 25. </p><p>Disturbingly, by 2022, it fell on July 28. </p><p>In short, we humans need 1.75 Earths to support our current rate of consumption! That is unsustainable, and we have to make changes. </p><p>So, how can we slow down our current consumption rate, while ensuring equitable progress and resources for all? </p><p>Think about the products you use every day. They are created, manufactured, used and thrown away. This is often called the “take, make, use, dispose” economy. The things we throw away, even things <a href="https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/03/13/fix-recycling-america/">we think we’re recycling</a>, languish in a landfill, often forever. </p><p>If we’re going to secure a sustainable future on the only planet we have to live on, we must transition to a <a href="/circular-economy" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0c8e6e95-739a-4b88-8098-112f06acf6ad" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Circular Economy">circular economy</a>. The circular economy aims to reduce our reliance on virgin ecological resources by keeping materials in use indefinitely. Rather than retired items going into landfills, they will be recovered in some way and used again in the future. </p><p>A circular economy will: </p><ul><li>Help keep toxins from leaking into our environment; </li><li>Help stabilize our supply chains by creating alternative sources of raw material supply;</li><li>Preserve valuable natural resources and divert them from landfills through recovery strategies, such as reuse, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling; and</li><li>Promote the transition into renewable energy, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.</li></ul><h2>Clean Energy Technologies — Environmental Boon or Burden? </h2><p>Growing eco-consciousness has spurred the demand for clean energy technologies. Clean energy technologies are renewable, and they allow us to improve our quality of life by reducing pollution, for example. </p><p>The main sources of clean energy include wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and nuclear. Among these, <a href="https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/renewables">solar is the most rapidly growing</a> clean energy technology. From 2018 to 2022, solar capacity has more than <a href="https://www.solarpowereurope.org/insights/market-outlooks/global-market-outlook-for-solar-power-2022">doubled worldwide</a>. In the U.S., the solar market grew at a rate of <a href="https://www.seia.org/solar-industry-research-data">33% annually</a> in the last decade. </p><p>Besides being a clean source of energy, another advantage of solar panels (and other clean energy technologies) is their long lifespan. Solar panels on average last for 30 years. </p><p>That means the earliest of solar panels are beginning to reach the end of their lives right now.</p><p>These numbers are relatively small. But given the recent surge in solar panel demand, there will be lots of used solar panels at the end of their working lives soon. </p><p>The problem is — we have a lack of infrastructure in place to <a href="https://www.irena.org/publications/2016/Jun/End-of-life-management-Solar-Photovoltaic-Panels">recover used solar panels</a>. There are also unclear requirements on how to recycle used solar panels. Different states in the U.S. handle used solar panels differently, for example. </p><p>This is a serious problem for a few reasons. First, solar panels contain valuable resources that should be reused, such as aluminum, copper, silver and more. Additionally, there is the risk of environmental contamination from solar panels sitting in landfills. </p><p>Additionally, eco-conscious consumers should be able to buy these products knowing that they are contributing
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<div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/embedPlaykitJs/uiconf_id/55674542?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_zwci6t2h"></iframe>
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"><img alt="What is the Circular Economy?" loading="lazy" src="https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_zwci6t2h/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image">
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<div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">What is the Circular Economy?</div>
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<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">How do we go from a throwaway economy to one where we minimize waste, prevent greenhouse gas emissions, and keep resources in the economy for as long as possible? With a circular economy. Learn more in this animation. For more information go to: <a href="https://www.nist.gov/circular-economy">https://www.nist.gov/circular-economy</a></figcaption>
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<p>My background in mechanical engineering, coupled with my experience designing automotive and electrical switchgear systems in the early part of my career, helped me understand product design. </p><p>However, soon after I realized that in order to reduce a product’s overall environmental burden, a more holistic approach is required. At the time, I was unaware that what I was calling a “holistic approach” was called “systems thinking,” or considering all the factors in a system. </p><p>It was while I was working at the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) that I realized the challenges small and medium enterprises faced in using “green” practices in their businesses. For example, it’s challenging for a small business to keep up with the latest regulations. </p><p>This also coincided with the notion of the circular economy gaining momentum, and I realized that a lot of awesome work was already taking place in terms of sustainability research. This led to me enrolling at Purdue University for a Ph.D. program in industrial sustainability. </p><p>My main takeaway was that prevention is better than remediation! This means we need effective tools to design systems and anticipate their direct and indirect impacts, coupled with implementable strategies that keep evolving.</p><h2>Industrial Ecology: A Pillar of the Circular Economy</h2><p>Industrial ecology is a branch of science that aims to balance environmental considerations with industrial processes. Known as the “science of sustainability,” industrial ecology can be traced back to research related to manufacturing strategies from the 1990s. </p><p>Industrial ecology proposes that industrial systems, like naturally occurring systems, are complex systems that should: optimize the consumption of energy and materials, limit the generation of waste, and encourage the use of byproducts from one process as raw material for another. </p><p>The goal of industrial ecology, like a circular economy, is to encourage a closed-loop approach, so as many things as possible are continuously reused. We need to do this with systems thinking by considering all factors in a system. </p> <figure class=" align-center nist-image" role="group">
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<img alt="Flow chart illustration compares a linear economy leading to waste versus a circular economy where materials are recycled and reused." height="1345" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2023/04/13/m.malinika_SS_2127948221_linear_economy_041023.jpg" typeof="foaf:Image" width="2500">
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<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">To protect our planet, we must move to a circular economy, where raw materials are reused and repurposed indefinitely, rather than languishing in landfills. <div class="nist-image__credit">
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<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
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m.malinika/Shutterstock
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<p>In the manufacturing sector, for example, environmental concerns and supply chain vulnerabilities are something you have to consider as part of systems thinking. Disruptions to a supply chain can hurt economic growth, affecting <a href="https://www.business.com/articles/triple-bottom-line-defined/">people, profit and the planet</a>, known as the “triple bottom line.” </p><p>As an industrial ecologist, my <a href="https://www.nist.gov/el/systems-integration-division-73400/manufacturing-circular-economy/topics">day-to-day research</a> involves capturing and analyzing the complexities of product life cycles to anticipate long-term impacts of our transition to a clean-energy economy. </p><p>My work is also focused on understanding and addressing the flow of plastics into our waste streams. Although plastic is versatile and useful for many applications, end-of-use <a href="https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/plastics-material-specific-data">plastic recovery rates</a> remain dismal. Putting plastic in landfills contributes to <a href="https://www.oecd.org/environment/plastics/increased-plastic-leakage-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions.htm">greenhouse gas emissions</a> and can result in toxins leaching into our <a href="https://cleanwater.org/problem-marine-plastic-pollution">soil and water</a>, which is bad for <a href="https://www.plastichealthcoalition.org/">human health and the planet</a>. </p><p>The work includes understanding the extent of environmental, economic and societal impacts. I’m also working to anticipate potential supply chain disruptions that could hinder the use of clean energy technologies. This is a concern because many clean energy technologies rely on rare, high-value materials that are mined and processed in other countries. </p><p>Our current research on clean energy technologies integrates industrial ecology. Our goal is to support the transition to a circular economy by designing industrial systems that are sustainable and resilient. </p><h2>Sustainable Manufacturing Needs Standards</h2><p>One major challenge organizations face in using circular economy practices is the lack of standards. Manufacturing-related standards thus far have been developed independently for different products and lack a holistic product life cycle perspective. This approach emphasized the design, development and use of products, predominantly from the point of view of increasing efficiency while ignoring product recovery. Consequently, this has led to a lack of end-of-life-specific standards for products. Developing those necessary standards and designing products to be recovered, not thrown away, will be key going forward. </p><p>One example of this need for standards is that third-party certification organizations are now issuing “green” certificates for products. While well intentioned, the criteria are disparate. This makes it difficult for consumers to make an informed choice about their environmental impact. </p><p>The consequences of having such few post-use standards for consumer products are evident in the current electronics waste crisis. Only <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/un-report-time-seize-opportunity-tackle-challenge-e-waste">20% of our current electronics waste</a> gets recycled. As a result, we’ve seen environmental, economic and social impacts from such massive amounts of electronic waste in our landfills. Much electronics waste is dumped in landfills in low-income countries. Workers in a disorganized sector then manually try to <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-disposable-tech-feeding-e-waste-crisis">extract the materials</a> — risking their health. Even children are at risk from either working with electronic waste themselves or living or going to school near electronic waste recycling centers with <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/15-06-2021-soaring-e-waste-affects-the-health-of-millions-of-children-who-warns">high levels of toxic chemicals</a>. </p><p>We
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248561">Environment</a>,
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2746596">Sustainability</a>,
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248866">Manufacturing</a> and
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248931">Sustainable manufacturing</a></div>
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/nehika-mathur"><span>Nehika Mathur</span>
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<div class="text-with-summary"><p>Nehika Mathur is a researcher in the Systems Integration Division at NIST. She develops standards that enable manufacturers to use circular economy principles in their businesses, using a product life cycle perspective. She spent the earlier part of her career working in the automotive and electrical switchgear industries. Later, while working for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), she saw the challenges facing small and medium-size businesses in sustainable manufacturing. Mathur’s doctoral research at Purdue University explored closing loops to lessen environmental impacts and strengthen supply chains for electronics and clean energy technologies.</p></div>
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/insulation-melts-your-walls-and-could-reduce-your-energy-costs"><span>The Insulation That Melts in Your Walls — and Could Reduce Your Energy Costs</span>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-26T12:00:00Z">February 26, 2025</time>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> Wherever humans go, we take some form of insulation with us to keep us at just the right temperature. But just because the idea is old doesn’t mean that there
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<div class="text-with-summary"> Products you use every day are carefully formulated in a lab. Experts at NIST are now working to revolutionize how those products are made.
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/safer-skies-fewer-fires-10-ways-nist-impacts-your-daily-life"><span>From Safer Skies to Fewer Fires: 10 Ways NIST Impacts Your Daily Life</span>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> If you’ve ever had a medical test, flown on an airplane, or needed to check the time, NIST’s work affects your life every day.
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<span class="nist-comment__date">April 21, 2023 3:43 AM</span>
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<div class="text-long"><p>I appreciate the valuable insights shared in this article. It's alarming to learn about the impact of our current consumption patterns on the environment and the need for a second Earth to sustain our lifestyle. However, it's also inspiring to know that we can do better and make conscious choices that positively impact the planet. We need to embrace sustainable practices and reduce our carbon footprint to create a better future for ourselves and future generations. Thank you for highlighting this crucial issue.</p>
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class="nist-block__title"
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<option>-- Choose --</option>
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249466">Advanced communications</option>
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|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248561">Environment</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248586">Fire</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248616">Forensic Science</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248651">Health</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249421">Information technology</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2748236">Infrastructure</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248866">Manufacturing</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248946">Materials</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249011">Mathematics and statistics</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249051">Metrology</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249126">Nanotechnology</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249451">Neutron research</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249426">Performance excellence</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249241">Physics</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249461">Public safety</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249456">Resilience</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249341">Standards</option>
|
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|
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<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2813456">Technology transfer</option>
|
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|
|
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249396">Transportation</option>
|
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|
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</select>
|
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|
|
</div>
|
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|
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|
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<div class="grid-container">
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</section>
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