publicdata/nist-gov
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nist-gov/www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing

1489 lines
116 KiB
Text
Raw Normal View History

Initital commit.
2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0
<noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style>
</noscript><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script>
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "G-CSLL4ZEK4L", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Teaching Computers to Read \u2018Industry Lingo\u2019 \u2014 Technical vs. Natural Language Processing","node_id":"1722686","blog_author":"Michael Sharp","content_type":"Blog entry"});</script>
<meta name="description" content="People generally are very good at learning and translating context and intent. Computers, however, are not" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.nist.gov/node/1722686" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing | NIST" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST" />
<meta property="og:type" content="Article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing" />
<meta property="og:description" content="People generally are very good at learning and translating context and intent. Computers, however, are not" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/social/public/images/2022/10/21/Blogpost-tlp.jpg?itok=oaEsklNJ" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist_mark.png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1300" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="813" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Illustration has &quot;TLP&quot; on a computer screen linked to a robot arm, a human brain, gears and other symbols." />
<meta property="article:author" content="Michael Sharp" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Natural Language Processing" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-10-26T08:00-04:00" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-02-11T13:10-05:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.title" content="Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing" />
<meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Michael Sharp" />
<meta name="dcterms.description" content="People generally are very good at learning and translating context and intent. Computers, however, are not" />
<meta name="dcterms.publisher" content="Michael Sharp" />
<meta name="dcterms.contributor" content="NIST" />
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2022-10-26T08:00-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.type" content="text" />
<meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing" />
<meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST" />
<meta name="dcterms.created" content="2022-10-26T08:00-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2025-02-11T13:10-05:00" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="People generally are very good at learning and translating context and intent. Computers, however, are not" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2025-02-11T13:10:00-05:00" />
<script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "Article",
"@id": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing",
"headline": "Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing",
"name": "Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing",
"description": "People generally are very good at learning and translating context and intent. Computers, however, are not.",
"image": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/social/public/images/2022/10/21/Blogpost-tlp.jpg?itok=oaEsklNJ",
"width": "1300",
"height": "813"
},
"datePublished": "2022-10-26T08:00-04:00",
"dateModified": "2025-02-11T13:10-05:00",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"@id": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/authors/michael-sharp",
"name": "Michael Sharp",
"url": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/authors/michael-sharp"
},
"publisher": {
"@type": "GovernmentOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.nist.gov/",
"name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
"url": "https://www.nist.gov/"
}
}
]
}</script>
<meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="blog" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<title>Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing | NIST</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_ZtlGKjRlcsetYFZOgm4XEB79Us1_9Rfto8uYAe8uLYA.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKorCNFaYTW9fazXZctIYT38j5ESEswGbP6-LsDJamuklqwJxYcnHCEFopkn0khMgamujg91LAMr-Kl9zNLBP54e-9fjC879T63bQWebuh2wq7-2tPI3vhOKTBXelByKomAQ8FMcLYMiuGQzcJ4I8mO7fBSMclfZaHURMnwDRYUV3Y" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kGS0ApDpFo-_3JI4Ijxg4RCWlTqsImK3lqH7bCv5v2U.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKorCNFaYTW9fazXZctIYT38j5ESEswGbP6-LsDJamuklqwJxYcnHCEFopkn0khMgamujg91LAMr-Kl9zNLBP54e-9fjC879T63bQWebuh2wq7-2tPI3vhOKTBXelByKomAQ8FMcLYMiuGQzcJ4I8mO7fBSMclfZaHURMnwDRYUV3Y" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_-IXwLuTUdm8IGHxib8GX8wWKw3LjKsNWSYYskZ5fEGg.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKorCNFaYTW9fazXZctIYT38j5ESEswGbP6-LsDJamuklqwJxYcnHCEFopkn0khMgamujg91LAMr-Kl9zNLBP54e-9fjC879T63bQWebuh2wq7-2tPI3vhOKTBXelByKomAQ8FMcLYMiuGQzcJ4I8mO7fBSMclfZaHURMnwDRYUV3Y" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_RS8YGnRq2Xi5aD-GQC3GKwBe6bOWBBmEmXrb2xB5FMM.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKorCNFaYTW9fazXZctIYT38j5ESEswGbP6-LsDJamuklqwJxYcnHCEFopkn0khMgamujg91LAMr-Kl9zNLBP54e-9fjC879T63bQWebuh2wq7-2tPI3vhOKTBXelByKomAQ8FMcLYMiuGQzcJ4I8mO7fBSMclfZaHURMnwDRYUV3Y" />
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_GM8kl6wk698qKTTwusj83bCoGHHtOZ1UinjY1sE_Qbk.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjdEOwiAMRX9o2E9qyqhYBboAE_17YW7RLOGBc3p7a2l-YNX-FrC_P97L5FV9YKRE4V1lLnAWU5JS8SrdOW0pKDmsuZdI8uDpOy5SWeKS9clwFuPK5uqNI_e7GixljOrASSHbi4Okx5YBH9RSMPsK3Jgc5wOxtfaX4Fcdi-DyulC47DjNGiOneugdjX2bp3Dj_G2O5JNcZZ6GLHhf44I9t8LGZrAZ_AFBzXxL"></script>
</head>
<body class="node-1722686">
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude>
Skip to main content
</a>
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p>
</div>
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default">
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false">
<title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg>
</span>
) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;">
<p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing</p>
<img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" />
</div>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner">
<div class="usa-navbar">
<div class="usa-logo flex-fill">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home">
<img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto">
<div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group">
<form class="usa-search usa-search--small"
accept-charset="UTF-8"
action="/search"
id="search_form"
method="get">
<div role="search">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label>
<input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128">
<button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1">
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
<button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button>
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<a class="usa-nav__link" href="/publications">Publications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-2"><span>What We Do</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs &amp; Major Programs</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools &amp; Instruments</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services &amp; Resources</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License &amp; Patents</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News &amp; Events</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Organization Structure</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/about-nist/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget &amp; Planning</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/iaao/academic-affairs-office" class="usa-nav__link">Student programs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
</div>
<div
id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"
>
<section
class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"
>
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top-full"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="entity-reference">
<div class="nist-blog-header nist-blog-header--purple nist-blog-header--inner">
<div class="nist-blog-header__bkgrd">
<div class="nist-blog-header__main grid-container">
<div class="grid-row">
<h2 class="nist-blog-header__title">
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure"> Taking Measure
</a>
</h2>
<div class="nist-blog-header__tagline">
<p class="text">Just a Standard Blog</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container margin-top-4">
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<h1 class="nist-page__title">Teaching Computers to Read ‘Industry Lingo’ — Technical vs. Natural Language Processing</h1>
</div>
<div
class="font-body-md"
>
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-10-26T12:00:00Z">October 26, 2022</time>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<span>By: </span>
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/michael-sharp" hreflang="en">Michael Sharp</a>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div data-elastic-exclude class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper">
<h2 class="nist-social__title">Share</h2>
<div class="social-media-sharing">
<div class="nist-social__wrapper--share">
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing"
title="Facebook" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-gray">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing&amp;source=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing"
title="Linkedin" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-gray">
<span>Linkedin</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing&amp;status=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing"
title="X.com" class="nist-social nist-social--x-gray">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a href="mailto:?subject=NIST.gov&amp;body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing"
title="Email" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-gray">
<span>Email</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container margin-top-4">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-6">
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="text-with-summary">
<figure class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2022/10/21/Blogpost-tlp.jpg?itok=dYYzkP4h" data-media-id="656401">
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2022/10/21/Blogpost-tlp.jpg?itok=Ghim_BJG" width="960" height="600" alt="Illustration has &quot;TLP&quot; on a computer screen linked to a robot arm, a human brain, gears and other symbols. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">
<div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content">
<p>Technical language processing, or TLP, involves using computers for capturing, understanding and translating jargon for other users.&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
N. Hanacek/NIST
</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Industry and businesses have long been known to have their own specialized “languages” — words and phrases that mostly only make sense to someone in that business. This technical jargon, slang or industry lingo has largely developed as a shorthand method to convey complex or very specific ideas and directives using a minimal amount of effort.&nbsp;</p><p>“Peter, please get me that TSP printout for my retirement ASAP.”</p><p>“Don’t overdo it with the salt, the tsp should be enough.”</p><p>“I need to finish my white paper for the ivory tower by COB.”</p><p>“Engine one is due for a lube inspection and a re-winding. Let’s push it until next week’s line wide PM.”</p><p>Sentences like these may mean a very specific thing to you, or may mean nothing at all. Maybe you think you understand parts of it, but those same parts may mean something else to another person. Even if the letters and words are familiar to you, their context and their meaning can be lost without the specific insight into where they came from. Sometimes that context can be found in the sentence itself; other times it is more elusive.</p><p>Consider the term “TSP.” Any average English speaker could recognize it as an abbreviation for something, but depending on who is reading it, where, and when, the answer to what it means could be very different. Perhaps it stands for “teaspoon,” or “Thrift Savings Plan,” or “trisodium phosphate,” or any number of other possibilities. It is the context around it that must be interpreted to understand its intent.</p><p>People generally are very good at learning and translating context and intent with comparatively little additional information. Computers, however, are not. In the example above, words like “salt,” “retirement” or “chemical” could be added to quickly allow a computer to figure out the context. But even then, there might be confusion depending on whether the word is used in a technical setting versus a casual one. Trisodium phosphate is chemically a salt, leading to correct but confusing phrases like “ONE TSP: TSP.”&nbsp;</p><p>I lead a group at NIST that is very interested in these kinds of highly contextual coded languages. After reading “ONE TSP: TSP,” we want a computer to be able to translate that phrase to another user as “Add one teaspoon of trisodium phosphate to the mix.” My colleagues and I study and work in the area of technical language processing (TLP) — the act of using computers for capturing, understanding and translating jargon for other users. These can be direct actions like controlling a robot, but often more importantly, we want computers to be able to communicate the ideas they capture back to another person.&nbsp;</p>
<div class="align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2022/10/21/Blogpost-tsp.jpg?itok=BfmK8d8b" data-media-id="656406">
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2022/10/21/Blogpost-tsp.jpg" width="1300" height="813" alt="Illustration shows different meanings of TSP, like a teaspoon, a Thrift Savings Plan, and trisodium phosphate." typeof="foaf:Image">
<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
N. Hanacek/NIST
</div>
</div>
<p>For our purposes, technical languages can be anything written or spoken in an industrial or scientific setting, where context is especially important. In many cases, this includes words or phrases that might not even appear outside of a very small group. But clearly not all language is technical, so let’s briefly talk about the wider-known counterpart to TLP.&nbsp;</p><p>Natural language processing (NLP) is a formal area of study that takes communications by humans and transforms that information into something more suitable for computer use and analysis. In broad terms, this is performed by restructuring the communication into a form that allows it to be compared to “concepts” or ideas that the computer has previously learned. But where NLP focuses on the most common uses for words, TLP focuses on the less common uses, or meanings that can change based on context. For example, “running” and “jogging” are similar concepts, but may or may not work interchangeably depending on the context. An NLP tool might recognize both as means of locomotion, but a TLP tool could also know that jogging a memory has little relation to running a store and that neither are means of locomotion. There are of course ways to get NLP to recognize these differences, but this type of problem is where TLP lives.</p><p>Some of the most common applications of NLP that you encounter in your daily life are translation tools. This can be language translations, such as English to Spanish, but it can also be voice-to-text translation. Interactive chatbots and some search engines use forms of NLP. &nbsp;</p><p>While machines have started to provide real societal benefit from NLP, TLP has yet to really show its full potential and remains a much harder task. Industry leaders have begun to recognize the need to both process high volumes of text, and translate information between individuals in areas where NLP struggles to perform, so they are starting to lean more and more toward TLP to help them.&nbsp;</p><p>One reason is that specialized industry lingo and technical jargon are significantly different from the way people normally communicate. NLP tools trained for “normal” speech just don’t work in technical settings. NLP defaults to the most common way to use a word, which often is incorrect. Also, for most factories and businesses, the numbers of examples needed to teach a computer technical communications just don’t exist. Most NLP tools need numbers of examples in the hundreds of thousands to millions to teach them.</p><p>TLP is targeted at solving these types of problems. Part of my job is to help people teach computers contextually specialized language with the fewest possible examples. Often, the only successful way to do that is with direct human oversight and input, so teaching people is also a very real part of TLP.</p><p>Some areas, such as the medical field, have a head start on TLP because of a yearslong effort to create rigorous consistency in how terms are used, but other fields are just now realizing its potential. Misspellings, inconsistent shorthand, formatting differences and slang are all common occurrences in industrial documents. My goal is to help people teach artificial intelligence that when someone inputs “Fixxed leek,” “Leak Repaired” or “John applied sealant to drip site,” they all mean the same thing despite having zero words in common. Many cases like this exist where something obvious to a human is nearly impossible for a computer to learn on its own.</p><p>Another one of the goals and challenges of TLP is to help researchers and workers in vastly different fields collaborate and search through one another’s work, despite having very different ways to talk about things. A common practice to one person might be the innovative solution needed by another, but the difference in how they speak about things keeps them separate. A sound editor in Hollywood might have found the solution to a gene sequencing problem, but would never know because she calls her method “dynamic time warping” i
</div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="nist-tags">
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249421">Information technology</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2753736">Artificial intelligence</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2800991">Machine learning</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248846">Usability and human factors</a> and
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248866">Manufacturing</a></div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>About the author</h2>
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden entity-reference">
<div class="nist-field__items">
<div class="nist-field__item">
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/michael-sharp" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/michael-sharp" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/08/28/Michael%20Sharp.jpg?itok=A9j_jMuo" width="71" height="100" alt="Michael Sharp" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/michael-sharp"><span>Michael Sharp</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"><p><span><span><span>Michael Sharp leads the Industrial Artificial Management and Metrology Project in NIST's Communications Technology Laboratory.&nbsp;He currently researches methods and metrology to integrate and qualify artificial intelligence for practical use in industrial and manufacturing settings. He received his Ph.D. in nuclear engineering from the University of Tennessee in 2012 and has been an active participant in state-of-the-art research communities for data modeling,&nbsp; sensing capabilities and artificial intelligence. In his spare time, Michael enjoys collaborative creative endeavors, such as D&amp;D, and exploring outdoor spaces through hikes or disc golf.</span></span></span></p></div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="views-element-container nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Related posts</h2>
<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-a353481d0fd91e00ede996f920861c2c4b124ef5703090a73219cab36d90f10f">
<div>
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/5-concepts-can-help-you-understand-quantum-mechanics-and-technology-without" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/5-concepts-can-help-you-understand-quantum-mechanics-and-technology-without" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/10/16/tara_fortier_working_in_lab_october_2023.jpg?itok=RkM9HePP" width="100" height="67" alt="A researcher wearing safety glasses reaches into a box of circuitry and other equipment, which emits a green glow. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/5-concepts-can-help-you-understand-quantum-mechanics-and-technology-without"><span>5 Concepts Can Help You Understand Quantum Mechanics and Technology — Without Math!</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-05T12:00:00Z">February 5, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Quantum is everywhere, and you can understand the basic quirks of life at the quantum level … no math required.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/natures-lessons-creating-greener-future-manufacturing" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/natures-lessons-creating-greener-future-manufacturing" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/10/09/shutterstock_2404771521.jpg?itok=dNu_GzSE" width="100" height="100" alt="Line drawing labeled &quot;Industrial Symbiosis&quot; shows a circle of arrows over a factory with smokestacks and a cooling tower with a leaf design. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/natures-lessons-creating-greener-future-manufacturing"><span>Nature’s Lessons: Creating a Greener Future for Manufacturing</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-11-13T12:00:00Z">November 13, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> What if one manufacturer’s trash could be another’s treasure? A NIST researcher looks to nature for answers to this question.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/cybersecurity-careers-go-beyond-coding" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/cybersecurity-careers-go-beyond-coding" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2019/08/13/blogsmallbus.jpg?itok=4Y7K66Ac" width="100" height="63" alt="Blonde woman in black top sitting at desk with laptop across from man in blue shirt" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/cybersecurity-careers-go-beyond-coding"><span>Cybersecurity Careers Go Beyond Coding</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-10-16T12:00:00Z">October 16, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> You don’t have to be a coder or have a technical background to work in cybersecurity. Learn about the career stories of three of our NIST cybersecurity
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Comments</h2>
<section>
<article data-comment-user-id="0" id="comment-111476" class="nist-comment js-comment">
<footer class="nist-comment__info">
<p class="submitted">
<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Sara Connor</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">October 26, 2022 5:17 PM</span>
<mark class="hidden nist-comment__new" data-comment-timestamp="1666881704"></mark>
</p>
<div class="nist-comment__permalink"><a href="#comment-111476">Permalink</a></div>
</footer>
<div class="nist-comment__content">
<div class="text-long"><p>Yes, the Forest Products Industry has its own TLP. People outside the industry try to write about it and its history and fail miserably. Within the industry, corporations pay outside vendors to try to create software to simplify or enhance all of its work on the raw supply end. &quot;Fixing&quot; the TLP to meet the goal is constant. It is expensive and time consuming!</p>
</div>
<ul class="links inline nist-comment__links">
<li class="comment-reply nist-comment__link">
<a href="/comment/reply/node/1722686/comment_node_blog/111476">Reply</a></li></ul>
</div>
</article>
<article data-comment-user-id="0" id="comment-111626" class="nist-comment js-comment">
<footer class="nist-comment__info">
<p class="submitted">
<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Bill Bernstein, AFRL</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">October 31, 2022 3:20 PM</span>
<mark class="hidden nist-comment__new" data-comment-timestamp="1667248831"></mark>
</p>
<div class="nist-comment__permalink"><a href="#comment-111626">Permalink</a></div>
</footer>
<div class="nist-comment__content">
<div class="text-long"><p>Great editorial! NLP for technical data/language is a massive challenge. Please continue bringing the TLP (+ adjacent) community together to identify the low-hanging fruit. We are very much interested in participating!! Standing by...</p>
</div>
<ul class="links inline nist-comment__links">
<li class="comment-reply nist-comment__link">
<a href="/comment/reply/node/1722686/comment_node_blog/111626">Reply</a></li></ul>
</div>
</article>
<article data-comment-user-id="0" id="comment-116031" class="nist-comment js-comment">
<footer class="nist-comment__info">
<p class="submitted">
<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">JJ</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">June 27, 2023 12:39 PM</span>
<mark class="hidden nist-comment__new" data-comment-timestamp="1687884275"></mark>
</p>
<div class="nist-comment__permalink"><a href="#comment-116031">Permalink</a></div>
</footer>
<div class="nist-comment__content">
<div class="text-long"><p>I enjoyed reading about TLP. We are trying to customize a general LLM for the accounting industry through prompting, embedding, and fine-tuning. The natural language output should be natural, intuitive, and intelligent and the jargon should be industry specific to the accounting industry. I imagine that there will be chatbots launched in every industry vertical tuned using TLP for that vertical. Do you have any tips or tricks on the most efficient way to train AI models for TLP other than by brute force of human editing?</p>
</div>
<ul class="links inline nist-comment__links">
<li class="comment-reply nist-comment__link">
<a href="/comment/reply/node/1722686/comment_node_blog/116031">Reply</a></li></ul>
</div>
</article>
<div class="indented">
<article data-comment-user-id="0" id="comment-116036" class="nist-comment js-comment">
<footer class="nist-comment__info">
<p class="submitted">
<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">M Sharp</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">June 27, 2023 1:26 PM</span>
<mark class="hidden nist-comment__new" data-comment-timestamp="1687887319"></mark>
<span class="nist-comment__parent">| Replied to <a href="/comment/116031#comment-116031" class="permalink" rel="bookmark" hreflang="en">I enjoyed reading about TLP…</a></span>
</p>
<div class="nist-comment__permalink"><a href="#comment-116036">Permalink</a></div>
</footer>
<div class="nist-comment__content">
<div class="text-long"><p>Thank you for your comment, JJ!<br />
Glad you enjoyed the article.<br />
In the time since I wrote this, the world has become ablaze with generative text and LLMs.<br />
TLP specializes small corpus and hyper specialized languages that generally have some root that can relate to more generalized LLM.<br />
In the foreseeable future, I do not think we will be fully able to remove the human element when it comes to fine tuning and adapting these models towards more specialized domains - such as accounting. But that&#039;s not to say everything needs to be brute force tagging either. There are currently softwares out there [Link NESTOR] (<a href="https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/nestor">https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/nestor</a>) that help with human in the loop merging and masking of terms, concepts, and tags that can then be used to accelerate the adaptation of the more generalized LLMs, or to develop new models from the ground up.<br />
Although I am no expert in the accounting industry, I would assume there are copious amounts of technical documents and sources of technical text that could be ingested in these models to give an industry focused language model. The nature and structure of that model would depend on your end goals, but generically I would believe the starting place would be the same.<br />
Build a corpus of documents relevant to your goals.<br />
Pass through standard NLP modeling processes.<br />
Identify terms and concepts not well recognized by the model (this can be the tricky part in many cases)<br />
Use a human-in-the-loop system to re-tag or &quot;re-mask&quot; under identified words and ideas<br />
Retrain with the new target labels.<br />
Repeat as needed.</p>
<p>This is of course oversimplified, but about as much as I can generically fit in this comment style response.<br />
Feel free to reach out to me or other NIST researchers if you have more questions or just want to chat in general on the topic.<br />
~MES</p>
</div>
<ul class="links inline nist-comment__links">
<li class="comment-reply nist-comment__link">
<a href="/comment/reply/node/1722686/comment_node_blog/116036">Reply</a></li></ul>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<h2>Add new comment</h2>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Lx5yvw0vUi4TN7C0L-5Rdrp4Q049mXEKn-dXREWOtBs.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxLzCvJTMov0U-E0Hpp-UW5OsmJBSXJGYn6SYnFqTppmTklqUX6KUWlBYk5ehAeAD47FNs&amp;exclude=eJx1UAGOwyAM-xAdT0IBsi5bIBXQ9nqvv9B2WjXpJISwE-zEHsLLNdEzWf95u2c1_p8SBclmFBkZHWTgrVGo9pswmWpzd1IuyppZILpWVIbyaEc4ypUaUpqKLGi_iT7CzrUHJlRnYQ_FJYk2UgWvwkz5ZepWGyadsOLeb0cWD3x9D6eUfSBELG_o1nW9dl9wb8Gf1g1sLPMEfDuhCZIS5vamTzj4bVgIVyyHU4Ix052CWSiiOEweo6aBHC3D7zb0PIym07DYAFMjzbRKIGCXMBL0ffQ3wyZzc7pw0EjKZiVjEDbdqtr9vmkiM-NBueecJlXI81EcOh46_myYKBTpQf8BO5rHtg" />
<form class="comment-comment-node-blog-form comment-form usa-form antibot" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="comment-form" data-action="/comment/reply/node/1722686/comment_node_blog" action="/antibot" method="post" id="comment-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
<noscript>
<div class="antibot-no-js antibot-message antibot-message-warning">You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form.</div>
</noscript>
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-name js-form-item-name">
<label for="edit-name" class="usa-label">
Your name
</label>
<input data-drupal-default-value="Anonymous" data-drupal-selector="edit-name" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text usa-input" />
</div>
<input data-drupal-selector="form-wcxtvz9emv3lxgniibefxwqnugmmjzrtmqi4-jekakq" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-WcXTVZ9emv3LXgNIIbEfXWqNUgmmJzRtMqI4_JekakQ" class="usa-input" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-comment-node-blog-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="comment_comment_node_blog_form" class="usa-input" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-antibot-key" type="hidden" name="antibot_key" value="" class="usa-input" /><div class="field--type-text-long field--name-comment-body field--widget-text-textarea js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-wrapper" id="edit-comment-body-wrapper"> <div class="js-text-format-wrapper js-form-item form-item">
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textarea js-form-type-textarea form-item-comment-body-0-value js-form-item-comment-body-0-value">
<label for="edit-comment-body-0-value" class="usa-label form-required">
Comment
<span class="usa-label--required"> <span class="usa-sr-only">Required</span>*</span></label>
<div class="form-textarea-wrapper">
<textarea class="js-text-full text-full form-textarea required usa-textarea resize-vertical" data-entity_embed-host-entity-langcode="en" data-media-embed-host-entity-langcode="en" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-0-value" id="edit-comment-body-0-value" name="comment_body[0][value]" rows="5" cols="60" placeholder="" required="required" aria-required="true"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-filter-wrapper filter-wrapper hidden js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-0-format" id="edit-comment-body-0-format"><div class="js-filter-guidelines filter-guidelines js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-0-format-guidelines" id="edit-comment-body-0-format-guidelines"><div data-drupal-format-id="plain_text">
<h4>Plain text</h4>
<ul>
<li>No HTML tags allowed.</li>
<li>Web page addresses and email addresses turn into links automatically.</li>
<li>Lines and paragraphs break automatically.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<fieldset data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha" class="captcha captcha-type-challenge--image">
<legend class="captcha__title js-form-required form-required">
CAPTCHA
</legend>
<div class="captcha__element">
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-sid" type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="652311626" class="usa-input" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-token" type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="xK3fCwI4nDnaWTJOjOXbLiF_rbTYll7sQkuIKfxtyo4" class="usa-input" /><div class="captcha__image-wrapper js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-image-wrapper" id="edit-captcha-image-wrapper"><img data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-image" src="/image-captcha-generate/652311626/1741101893" width="180" height="60" alt="Image CAPTCHA" title="Image CAPTCHA" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</div>
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-captcha-response js-form-item-captcha-response">
<label for="edit-captcha-response" class="usa-label form-required">
What code is in the image?
<span class="usa-label--required"> <span class="usa-sr-only">Required</span>*</span></label>
<input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-response" aria-describedby="edit-captcha-response--description" type="text" id="edit-captcha-response" name="captcha_response" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text required usa-input" required="required" aria-required="true" />
<div id="edit-captcha-response--description" class="description help-block">
Enter the characters shown in the image.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="captcha__description description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div>
</fieldset>
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Save" class="button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit usa-button" /></div>
<div class="comments__disclaimer padding-top-2">
<em>Please be respectful when posting comments. We will post all comments without editing as long as they are appropriate for a public, family friendly website, are on topic and do not contain profanity, personal attacks, misleading or false information/accusations or promote specific commercial products, services or organizations. Comments that violate our comment policy or include links to non-government organizations/web pages will not be posted.</em>
</div>
</form>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-second tablet-lg:grid-col-4">
<div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div>
<div about="/blogs/taking-measure">
<div
class="nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Our Science in Your Inbox</h2>
<div class="text-long"><p>Subscribe to our weekly emails.</p>
<form action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscribers/qualify" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post">
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;">
<input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="GleKn0r3EFkuIRsIWsyLN6Mrqim4qc3U7eIUCWGqBFz2ziQ/qv0gnQTJUhVbKHMSlmrsC7UHIm6S8IfK6qk9EQ==">
<input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIST_309">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-1">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-8">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="email">Enter Email Address</label>
<input class="usa-input" type="text" name="email" id="email" title="email" placeholder="Your Email Address">
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-4">
<input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign Up" class="usa-button margin-top-1">
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="views-exposed-form usa-form filters nist-block" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-blog-taking-measure-search-page"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Search</h2>
<form action="/blogs/taking-measure/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-blog-taking-measure-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="usa-form">
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-k js-form-item-k form-no-label">
<input placeholder="Search this blog" data-drupal-selector="edit-k" type="text" id="edit-k" name="k" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text usa-input" />
<div id="edit-k--description" class="description help-block">
Put exact phrase in quotes (e.g., "artificial intelligence")
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-12 form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search-blog" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search-blog" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit usa-button" /></div>
</form>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Stay connected</h2>
<div><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook" title="Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin" title="LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a><a href="https://www.x.com/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--x" title="X (Twitter)" ><span>X (Twitter)</span></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--youtube" title="Youtube" ><span>Youtube</span></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nist/" class="nist-social nist-social--instagram" title="Instagram" ><span>Instagram</span></a><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_309" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery" ><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div>
</div>
<div
class="views-element-container nist-block"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Categories</h2>
<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-ac700c770f7132125fa7fe03a07e3704f1f6d3fae4691c80d0da8ed97b597a2a">
<div>
<select class="usa-select ViewsJumpMenu js-viewsJumpMenu" title="-- Choose --" id="blog-categories-takingm-jump-menu">
<option>-- Choose --</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249466">Advanced communications</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248321">Bioscience</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248371">Buildings and Construction</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248416">Chemistry</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248486">Electronics</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248531">Energy</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248561">Environment</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248586">Fire</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248616">Forensic Science</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248651">Health</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249421">Information technology</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2748236">Infrastructure</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248866">Manufacturing</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248946">Materials</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249011">Mathematics and statistics</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249051">Metrology</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249126">Nanotechnology</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249451">Neutron research</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249426">Performance excellence</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249241">Physics</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249461">Public safety</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249456">Resilience</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249341">Standards</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2813456">Technology transfer</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249396">Transportation</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4">
<div class="grid-container nist-footer__info">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__logo">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home">
<img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__contact">
<h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3>
<address>
100 Bureau Drive<br>
Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br>
<a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a>
</address>
<p>
<a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__social-links">
<a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href=" https://www.facebook.com/NIST">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href=" https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist">
<span>LinkedIn</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href=" https://www.instagram.com/nist/">
<span>Instagram</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href=" https://www.youtube.com/NIST">
<span>YouTube</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href=" https://giphy.com/nist">
<span>Giphy</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href=" https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds">
<span>RSS Feed</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href=" https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new">
<span>Mailing List</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__feedback">
How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation">
<ul>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</div>
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1722686","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".ck-editor, .nist-video-thumbnail__lightbox-trigger, a.nist-icon--mail-blue","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"after","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"viewsJumpMenu":{"blog-categories-takingm-jump-menu":{"new_window":false}},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/blogs\/taking-measure\/search":true,"\/comment\/reply\/node\/1722686\/comment_node_blog":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"bd6a443844dbe99b4e6942f3b1397526e760137efd2b1ee6b2d588fc414dff20"},"antibot":{"forms":{"comment-form":{"id":"comment-form","key":"8s3HerPNUiBWAup-NU0eICdfN5XSJ1VRGAW7gyEytXD"}}}}</script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_jDaFaXhHm6gPUKstNYX9eIyoQXghVs3g7rbR0QoqpYY.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdkAuOwyAMRC8E9ZGQCQ51CzgCp2lvX8hHu6qEBG8Yz0j2OD2dSj8L-L-3ezQTRWIihwXTR3lq8CuYwk3dzF0LspUkGJzWHsIlQsTju7ES56XKi-BXGC27pnfK1HsleawuS4DADX0PTlyeuwdiEo_JniNwJwxUL3Tbtv1z0FvHIIS6LphuJ5pJcqail3yi9R_7YtqoHskZY-GZJzPE5h5rXlz3rbCzHWwHGyzKXhTO-zZLzaavQ6leFQd9AQAFjIc"></script>
<script src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_phYs2jDctfdGpas0b2o3STtb7Y4B0bPDz-8rro3OgSg.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdkAuOwyAMRC8E9ZGQCQ51CzgCp2lvX8hHu6qEBG8Yz0j2OD2dSj8L-L-3ezQTRWIihwXTR3lq8CuYwk3dzF0LspUkGJzWHsIlQsTju7ES56XKi-BXGC27pnfK1HsleawuS4DADX0PTlyeuwdiEo_JniNwJwxUL3Tbtv1z0FvHIIS6LphuJ5pJcqail3yi9R_7YtqoHskZY-GZJzPE5h5rXlz3rbCzHWwHGyzKXhTO-zZLzaavQ6leFQd9AQAFjIc"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":5,"applicationTime":1136,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue Copy permalink