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<h1 class="nist-page__title">Inside the Towers on 9/11: My Story of Investigating the WTC Evacuation</h1>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-09-03T12:00:00Z">September 3, 2021</time>
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<span>By: </span>
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/jason-averill" hreflang="en">Jason Averill</a>
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<figure class="nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2021/08/17/WTC-style-Averill.jpg?itok=qUxR5za0" data-media-id="619851">
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2021/08/17/WTC-style-Averill.jpg?itok=d-jla3Iv" width="960" height="600" alt="a collage showing images of a crowd of people, an elevator, the word evacuation, a stairwell with the stairs marked as 1.5 meters wide, an icon of a telephone with the numbers 911, and a camera" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
N. Hanacek/NIST
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<h2>The kickoff meeting</h2><p>On Nov. 1, 2002, in a small conference room on the Gaithersburg, Maryland, campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the trio of outside experts (<a href="https://hazards.colorado.edu/about/dennis-mileti/tribute">Dennis Mileti</a>, <a href="https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-9482">Guylene Proulx</a> and <a href="https://www.jjay.cuny.edu/faculty/norman-groner">Norman Groner</a>) hired to work on evacuation and emergency communication project of the World Trade Center Investigation met for the first time with the NIST investigation team. As we were ready to start the day, Dennis Mileti preempted the introductions with a statement that, in retrospect, became a transformative notion guiding the work of the following years: “I would just like to say before we begin that there has never, in the history of evacuation and human behavior, been a study of this importance and with this level of funding. The work we do here will be the gold standard for evacuation and human behavior research for generations that follow and I’m privileged and humbled to be a part of this work.” My initial reaction, as a 28-year-old NIST engineer with one graduate class in evacuation as part of my fire protection engineering degree, was “OK. No pressure.” My second thought was, “How did I get here?” The answer to the latter question requires a little personal history and a circuitous series of circumstances that led to November 2002.</p><h2>My personal background</h2><p>On Sept. 8, 1994, US Air Flight 427 crashed into the rolling hills of Hopewell Township, Pennsylvania, on approach to the Pittsburgh airport, killing all 132 passengers aboard, including my father, Daniel Averill. As a junior in college, the event was life-altering in a myriad of ways that I could have scarcely understood. In addition to the challenges of suddenly losing a parent, there are two dimensions of my post-crash experience that are relevant to my involvement in the WTC investigation: engaging with support groups for families of aircraft accidents and the crash investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).</p><p>The Flight 427 Air Disaster Support League formed in the wake of the plane crash as a mechanism for families to heal through shared experience and my family became involved. Shortly thereafter, the Flight 427 families joined with other family groups to form the <a href="https://www.planesafe.org/?page_id=8">National Air Disaster Alliance</a> (NADA), an umbrella organization dedicated to informing and educating the flying public on critical issues and advocating for reform. The notion of advocacy for survivors is powerful — it helps to believe that the tragic loss of a loved one can result in some positive change in the world, however big or small. Based upon a pattern of experiences, the NADA advocated to Congress for the provision of basic resources for families following air disasters (e.g., designated points of contact, training for those conducting notification), culminating in the <a href="https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/104th-congress/house-report/793">Air Disaster Family Assistance Act</a>. Further, President Clinton established the <a href="https://fas.org/irp/threat/212fin~1.html">White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security</a> in 1996 and, through the NADA, I had an opportunity to testify before the Commission on Nov. 20, 1996, at L’Enfant Plaza in Washington, D.C., about my experience as a family member. The timing and location was fortunate as I was also exploring an opportunity to become an intern in the NIST Fire Protection Engineering Division. It was a unique conversation starter with my prospective group leader to say that I had just come from having breakfast with then-Vice President Al Gore and testifying before a White House Commission. Through this advocacy experience, I learned a lot about how the federal government works and the power of citizens to bring about positive change.</p><p>I also learned a lot about
<div data-media-id="621841">
<div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="&lt;div class=&quot;video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe width=&quot;854&quot; height=&quot;480&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allow=&quot;autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot; src=&quot;https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/embedPlaykitJs/uiconf_id/55674542?iframeembed=true&amp;amp;entry_id=1_nxs2rwl1&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
"><img alt="NIST's World Trade Center Investigations" loading="lazy" src="https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_nxs2rwl1/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image">
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<div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">NIST's World Trade Center Investigations</div>
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<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Learn more about NIST's work on the World Trade Center investigations, from how it conducted the study to the recommendations and their lasting legacy. Visit wtc.nist.gov</figcaption>
</figure>
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248371">Buildings and Construction</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248376">Building codes and standards</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248586">Fire</a>,
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<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249456">Resilience</a> and
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/jason-averill"><span>Jason Averill</span>
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<div class="text-with-summary"><p><span><span>Jason Averill is the chief of the Materials and Structural Systems Division. Mr. Averill started at NIST in the Fire Protection Engineering Division in 1997 and has devoted his technical career to making buildings safer for the public and first responders, first as a research fire protection engineer and currently overseeing technical work involving community resilience, earthquake and wind engineering, and material science.</span></span></p></div>
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/drones-disaster-zones-how-advanced-3d-mapping-technology-can-help-first"><span>Drones in Disaster Zones: How Advanced 3D Mapping Technology Can Help First Responders Save Lives</span>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-29T12:00:00Z">January 29, 2025</time>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> NIST is working to help emergency workers have more information in a crisis by encouraging the development of advanced drones at an affordable price.
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/speeding-wheels-justice-how-nist-resources-can-help-crime-labs-work-faster"><span>Speeding Up the Wheels of Justice: How NIST Resources Can Help Crime Labs Work Faster</span>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> Forensic science is not as easy as it looks on TV. But NIST resources are helping crime labs examine evidence more efficiently — so the justice system can work
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<p class="submitted">
<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Sandy Smith</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">September 7, 2021 10:33 AM</span>
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<div class="text-long"><p>Thank you for sharing your experience with the investigation. Your insider information is much appreciated and is fascinating.</p>
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<p class="submitted">
<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Martin Rafferty.</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">September 8, 2021 12:36 PM</span>
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<div class="text-long"><p>An Insite of Excellence.</p>
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<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Peter Johnson</span></span>
on
<span class="nist-comment__date">September 8, 2021 7:56 PM</span>
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<div class="text-long"><p>Jason Many thanks for sharing your experience and your personal journey. The work done was incredibly comprehensive, and of course helped the families understand what happened, and led to major code changes which makes all the research and investigations so worthwhile. Great job. Peter Johnson, Arup Melbourne.</p>
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