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<h1 class="nist-page__title">The Baldrige Executive Fellows, Capstone Projects, and the A3 Problem-Solving Tool</h1>
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-06-11T12:00:00Z">June 11, 2024</time>
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<span>By: </span>
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<a href="/blogs/blogrige/authors/harry-hertz-baldrige-cheermudgeon" hreflang="en">Harry Hertz “The Baldrige Cheermudgeon”</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal">The <a href="/baldrige/products-services/baldrige-executive-fellows-program" title="Baldrige Executive Fellows Program details" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ae168616-16e1-4fb7-96b5-e7598a616f98" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Baldrige Executive Fellows</a> are an annual cohort of executives learning about leading their organizations using the <a href="/baldrige/publications/baldrige-excellence-framework" title="Baldrige Excellence Framework details" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="00b6643c-f609-4ef9-baab-8a71ecca6aa9" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Baldrige Excellence Framework®</a> as a guide. As part of the collaborative experience, each executive fellow undertakes a capstone project of strategic significance to their organization. For more than a decade, the fellows have used the A3 problem-solving tool to guide their capstone project definition, planning, and execution. It has proven to be an extremely valuable tool. It is worth considering by all organizations with problems to solve.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The A3 tool was first introduced to the fellows by Pattie Skriba, former VP of business excellence for Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital, with more recent instruction provided by<span> the Lean Transformation Office of WellStar Health System, and his colleagues</span>. I will describe the tool and discuss how it helps avoid some frequent pitfalls in problem-solving.</p><h3><strong>The A3 Tool—Problem Definition</strong></h3><p>The tool used by the fellows is a 9-box problem-solving tool. This blog contains a brief overview of each box. </p>
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<div class="align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/06/03/Baldrige-Fellows-Blank-A3-Template.jpg?itok=7McMAtJ7" data-media-id="709236">
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<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/2024/06/03/Baldrige-Fellows-Blank-A3-Template.jpg" width="5100" height="3300" alt="Baldrige Executive Fellows A3 nine box problem-solving tool. Boxes are described in the text." typeof="foaf:Image">
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BPEP
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<p>Box 1 contains the problem statement. What problem are you trying to solve, and why is it important? A common pitfall is a problem statement that proposes a solution before the root cause of the problem is understood.</p><div class="nist-callout"><p>An example of a problem statement with this pitfall:<em> First-line managers need to better coach their employees to improve employee engagement</em>. The actual problem statement might be this: <em>Employee engagement scores are low; raising engagement might address our high turnover rate. </em>The latter statement allows exploration of ways to improve engagement. It does not assume that the answer is to have more effective coaching.</p></div><p>Box 2 defines the current state. What are the symptoms of the current problem? What measures indicate your current poor performance? Are there trend data indicating declining performance? Are there relevant comparisons that indicate your poor performance relative to competitors or benchmarks? If the problem is an ineffective or inefficient process, you could include a current process map.</p><p>Box 3 identifies your desired future state. What will success look like in qualitative and quantitative terms? How will your organization perform when the problem is solved? What will performance metrics look like when the problem is satisfactorily resolved? Will the measures you identified in box 2 have results that are 100% better than now, for example?</p><h3><strong>The A3 Tool—Planning the Improvement</strong></h3><p class="MsoNormal">Box 4 contains your root cause or gap analysis. What are the possible causes for the gap between boxes 2 and 3? What are the potential root causes of the problem you identified in box 1? Helpful tools for performing this analysis might be the five whys, fishbone diagrams, or Pareto charts. Remember that there may be more than one root cause that needs addressing or one root cause that should be a focus for your improvement.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Box 5 contains potential solutions to test. Box 5 is about hypotheses. Identify potential solutions for each root cause. Several root causes may have the same potential solution. Some solutions may yield much greater improvement than others. Some solutions may need to be executed in parallel to gain the benefit desired.</p><h3><strong>The A3 Tool—Problem Solution</strong></h3><p class="MsoNormal">Box 6 contains rapid experiments. Plan an experiment for each proposed solution. Design experiments with measurable results to see if they are positive predictors of achieving your desired (Box 3) state. Learn from your experiments and conduct additional rapid experiments, if needed. If none of your experiments yield positive results, return to boxes 5 and 6 to seek additional root causes or potential solutions. Communicate and share the results of your experiments with those who will benefit from solving the problem.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Box 7 is your completion plan to solve the problem. It is based on the positive experimental outcomes from box 6. Include an action plan with a timeline indicating: what will be done, who will be responsible and involved, how progress will be measured, and completion dates for each action. Your completion plan should include a communication plan and a plan for sustaining the outcome.</p><div class="nist-callout"><p>The most common pitfall is jumping from box 1 to box 7. We are always eager to solve problems, and the temptation is great to skip boxes 2–5, thinking we know the answer. This could lead to a lot of wasted effort and resources, and result in great disappointment.</p></div><p class="MsoNormal">Box 8 is about confirmation of achieving the desired outcome/state. It summarizes what you have accomplished: metrics for the initial state, the target state, the actual result, and multiple confirmations of sustaining the performance (e.g., 30-, 60-, and 90-day results measures). If results are not sustained, you will need to re-examine earlier boxes.</p><h3><strong>The A3 Tool—Learning</strong></h3><p class="MsoNorm
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<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2019/01/28/baldrige-fellows-executive.jpg?itok=AyqlBFdR" width="480" height="288" alt="Baldrige Executive Fellows Program" title="Baldrige Executive Fellows Program" typeof="foaf:Image">
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</div><div class="grid-col-9"><h2>Become a Baldrige Executive Fellow</h2><p>The <a href="/baldrige/products-services/baldrige-executive-fellows-program" title="Baldrige Executive Fellows details" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ae168616-16e1-4fb7-96b5-e7598a616f98" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Baldrige Executive Fellows Program</a> is a hands-on leadership development program that will propel your organization to higher levels of performance. Learn from a cohort of senior decision makers and Baldrige Award recipients and emerge with a broader perspective on how to achieve performance excellence for your organization, stimulate innovation, and build the knowledge and capabilities necessary for organizational sustainability.</p><p><a href="https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/products-services/baldrige-executive-fellows-program#saying" title="Fellows Testimonials"><strong>What Executive Fellows Are Saying</strong></a><strong> | </strong><a href="/baldrige/baldrige-fellows-program-key-information" title="Baldrige Fellows Program Key Information" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="893c9bcd-2217-477d-809f-a528e754fdb2" data-entity-substitution="canonical"><strong>Learn More Today</strong></a></p></div></div><hr>
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<a href="/blogrige-categories/award-process-events-and-training" hreflang="en">Award Process, Events, and Training</a> and <a href="/blogrige-categories/baldrige-excellence-framework-criteria" hreflang="en">Baldrige Excellence Framework (Criteria)</a></div>
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about="/blogs/blogrige/authors/harry-hertz-baldrige-cheermudgeon" class="nist-teaser"
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/blogrige/authors/harry-hertz-baldrige-cheermudgeon" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/baldrige/dr-_harry_hertz_photo.jpg?itok=A_2psdFg" width="71" height="100" alt="Dr. Harry Hertz Photo" typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/blogrige/authors/harry-hertz-baldrige-cheermudgeon"><span>Harry Hertz “The Baldrige Cheermudgeon”</span>
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</a></h3>
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<div class="text-with-summary"><p>I am Harry Hertz, the Baldrige Cheermudgeon, and Director Emeritus of the Baldrige Program. I joined the Program in 1992 after a decade in management in the analytical chemistry and chemical sciences laboratories at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the home of the Baldrige Program. I started my career at NIST (NBS) as a bench analytical chemist.</p>
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<p>My favorite aspects of the Baldrige Program are: (1) the opportunity to interact with leading thinkers from all sectors of the U.S. economy who serve as volunteers in the Baldrige Program, who participate in the Baldrige Executive Fellows Program, and who represent Award applicants at the forefront of the continuous journey to performance excellence, and (2) the intellectual challenge of synthesizing ideas from leading thinkers and from personal research into <em>Insights on the Road to Performance Excellence</em> and other blogs that tackle challenges at the “leading edge of validated leadership and performance practice,” and contribute to the continuous revision of the Baldrige Performance Excellence Framework.</p>
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<p>Outside of work I spend my time with family (including three beautiful granddaughters), exercising, baking bread, traveling, educating tomorrow’s leaders, and participating on various boards and board committees.</p></div>
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>Related posts</h2>
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<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-9e0fb4115f8c161aae068e1210b5ea1ce5b67e440af9346a1cf65a7a568429a8">
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about="/blogs/blogrige/100-satisfaction-guaranteed" class="nist-teaser"
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/blogrige/100-satisfaction-guaranteed" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/02/06/Satisfaction-Guaranteed.jpg?itok=ThnLiBh5" width="100" height="63" alt="A home with hurricane shutters next to a ladder." typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/blogrige/100-satisfaction-guaranteed"><span>100% Satisfaction Guaranteed</span>
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<div class="nist-teaser__date">
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-18T12:00:00Z">February 18, 2025</time>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> 100% satisfaction guaranteed. A simple statement. Easy to understand. But…. My story begins with Hurricane Milton, one of two tragic hurricanes to hit the west
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/blogrige/boost-innovation-your-work-thinking-poet" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/02/04/Tucker-Bryant-blog.jpg?itok=gDhGrp2O" width="100" height="63" alt="Tucker Bryant speaks on a stage in front of an audience." typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/blogrige/boost-innovation-your-work-thinking-poet"><span>Boost Innovation in Your Work—by Thinking Like a Poet</span>
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<div class="nist-teaser__date">
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-04T12:00:00Z">February 4, 2025</time>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> Tucker Bryant is a Stanford-educated poet and entrepreneur. He’s also a former employee of technology behemoth Google, where he used his creative perspective to
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<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/blogrige/more-reasons-apply-be-2025-baldrige-examiner" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/01/07/More-Reasons-to-Apply-to-Be-2025-Examiner.jpg?itok=ot0YShWL" width="100" height="63" alt="Why Apply to be a 2025 Baldrige Examiner showing a man holding an iPad displaying the online application." typeof="foaf:Image" />
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<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/blogrige/more-reasons-apply-be-2025-baldrige-examiner"><span>More Reasons to Apply to Be a 2025 Baldrige Examiner</span>
|
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<div class="nist-teaser__date">
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<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-01-14T12:00:00Z">January 14, 2025</time>
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<div class="text-with-summary"> In a blog last week, I provided a multitude of reasons to apply to be a 2025 Baldrige examiner®. The benefits of serving in this volunteer role were conveyed by
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<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Jamie</span></span>
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on
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<span class="nist-comment__date">June 14, 2024 4:38 PM</span>
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<div class="text-long"><p>Nice article highlighting how A3 thinking can be applied in any industry to help teams solve problems.</p>
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<span class="nist-comment__author"><span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">B</span></span>
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on
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<span class="nist-comment__date">February 6, 2025 6:13 PM</span>
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<div class="text-long"><p>VERY nice!! Next time I have to wait too long at a restaurant, I'll be sure to ask if they are adequately stocked on bed linens. 😉</p>
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<form class="comment-comment-node-blog-form comment-form usa-form antibot" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="comment-form" data-action="/comment/reply/node/1848076/comment_node_blog" action="/antibot" method="post" id="comment-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Comment
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<h4>Plain text</h4>
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|
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<div class="captcha__description description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div>
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<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Save" class="button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit usa-button" /></div>
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<div class="comments__disclaimer padding-top-2">
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<em>Please be respectful when posting comments. We will post all comments without editing as long as they are appropriate for a public, family friendly website, are on topic and do not contain profanity, personal attacks, misleading or false information/accusations or promote specific commercial products, services or organizations. Comments that violate our comment policy or include links to non-government organizations/web pages will not be posted.</em>
|
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</div>
|
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</form>
|
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|
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|
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|
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class="views-exposed-form usa-form filters nist-block" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-blog-blogrige-search-page"
|
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>
|
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<h2
|
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|
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>Search</h2>
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Put exact phrase in quotes (e.g., "Quest conference")
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<div class="grid-col-12 form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search-blog" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search-blog" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit usa-button" /></div>
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|
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|
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<div
|
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class="nist-block no-print"
|
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>
|
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|
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<h2
|
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|
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class="nist-block__title"
|
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>Email alerts</h2>
|
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<div class="text-long"><p>Sign up for e-mail alerts from the Blogrige blog by entering your e-mail address in the box below.</p>
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<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓">
|
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<input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="D/AeWFqoqPEK65O+YJQQI9Pn9yEDHk1zubt0IGJg18L5pRydZ/PnAQrfCWp/IaMadbiMiAYyimIxV+5ICYMpdQ==">
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<input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIST_29">
|
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<input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign Up" class="usa-button margin-top-1">
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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class="nist-block no-print"
|
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|
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>
|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
<h2
|
|||
|
|
class="nist-block__title"
|
|||
|
|
>Stay Connected</h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
<div><a href="https://www.x.com/BaldrigeProgram" class="nist-social nist-social--x" title="X (Twitter)" ><span>X (Twitter)</span></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL914FB9D44BF49C14" class="nist-social nist-social--youtube" title="Youtube" ><span>Youtube</span></a><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_29" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery" ><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<div
|
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class="views-element-container nist-block no-print"
|
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>
|
|||
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|
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|
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<h2
|
|||
|
|
class="nist-block__title"
|
|||
|
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>Categories</h2>
|
|||
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|
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|
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<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-601fd0707c4f6f646fda8b949043118521384dba0388efdae6acb8904cb6b270">
|
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|
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<div>
|
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<select class="usa-select ViewsJumpMenu js-viewsJumpMenu" title="-- Choose --" id="blog-categories-block-4-jump-menu">
|
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<option>-- Choose --</option>
|
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<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/award-process-events-and-training">Award Process, Events, and Training</option>
|
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|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/award-recipients">Award Recipients</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/baldrige-excellence-framework-criteria">Baldrige Excellence Framework (Criteria)</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/community">Community</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/impact-baldrige">Impact of Baldrige</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/insights-road-performance-excellence">Insights on the Road to Performance Excellence</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/sector-focused">Sector Focused</option>
|
|||
|
|
<option data-url="/blogrige-categories/self-assessing">Self-Assessing</option>
|
|||
|
|
</select>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
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|
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</div>
|
|||
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</div>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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</div>
|
|||
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|
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<div
|
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class="nist-block"
|
|||
|
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>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2
|
|||
|
|
class="nist-block__title"
|
|||
|
|
>About this blog</h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="text-long"><p>Blogrige, the official blog of the <a href="https://www.nist.gov/baldrige">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>, shares practical guidance, success stories, examples, and inspiration on how Baldrige resources can support your long-term success, whether your organization is large or small, has one site or worldwide locations, and is just getting started or continuously improving.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Baldrige Program offers a comprehensive and proven leadership and management <a href="https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/baldrige-excellence-framework">framework</a> that focuses on results in all areas of your organization. Learn more about the <a href="https://www.nist.gov/baldrige">Baldrige Program</a>, the <a href="https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/products-services">products and services</a> available to help your organization succeed, and how to <a href="https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/self-assessing">self-assess</a> using the Baldrige framework.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you have any questions about Blogrige, please contact Baldrige Customer Service at <span class="spamspan"><span class="u">baldrige</span> [at] <span class="d">nist.gov</span><span class="t"> (baldrige[at]nist[dot]gov)</span></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The views presented here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of NIST.</p></div>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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</div>
|
|||
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|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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</aside>
|
|||
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|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|||
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</section>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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</div>
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<div data-elastic-exclude>
|
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|
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<footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4">
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|
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<div class="nist-footer__logo">
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<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home">
|
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<img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" />
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</a>
|
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|
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<div class="nist-footer__contact">
|
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<h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3>
|
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<address>
|
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|
100 Bureau Drive<br>
|
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|
Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br>
|
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|
|
<a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a>
|
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|
|
</address>
|
|||
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<p>
|
|||
|
|
<a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a>
|
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|
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<a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST">
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<span>X.com</span>
|
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</a>
|
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