835 lines
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835 lines
97 KiB
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) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
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<img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" />
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<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
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<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
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<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
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<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
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<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
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<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
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<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
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<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
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<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
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<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
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<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
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<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
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<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button>
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<div class="grid-row">
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<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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|
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<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
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|
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<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a>
|
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button>
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<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
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<div class="grid-row">
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|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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|
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<li>
|
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<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
|
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|
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<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li>
|
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<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li>
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<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
|
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<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
|
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<li>
|
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<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li>
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|
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<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
|
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<li>
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<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
|
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</ul>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
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<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button>
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<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
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<div class="grid-row">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
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<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
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<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
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<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
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<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
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<h1 class="nist-page__title">Trade and Technology Seminar Series at the University of Maryland</h1>
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<div class="datetime"><time datetime="1995-03-07T12:00:00Z">March 7, 1995</time>
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<p>Dr. Arati Prabhakar<br>Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology</p>
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>Venue</h2>
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<div class="text-long"><p>Trade and Technology Seminar Series<br>University of Maryland</p></div>
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<p>I am very pleased to be here today and particularly to be here with such a distinguished group. I wanted to talk about the role of technology in the global marketplace and to focus on the appropriate government role in that scenario. That topic is particularly appropriate right now. For example, the idea has been raised by some members of Congress that if we simply give corporations enough tax credits, they will provide for all the basic research in universities and build buildings on university campuses. I'm not sure which planet in the solar system that's going to happen on. It's my view that it is not going to happen on this planet. In fact I think the competitive environment for our industries is moving rapidly in quite the other direction and I would like to explore that today.</p><p>Let me start by talking about this business of technology. I found when I took this job in the Commerce Department, that instead of spending most of my time talking to technologists, all of a sudden I was mainly talking to people who were not technologists. So, I dutifully looked up the definition of technology in the dictionary so I could get it right. I found a fabulous definition that said that technology is the sum of the ways by which the members of a social group provide themselves with the material objects of their civilization. I really like this definition because it is broad and comprehensive. It says that it's the knowledge and the tools and the people, it's what's in peoples' heads and what's in their hands, it's all of those things that constitute technology—and that technology is what we use quite literally to build our civilization. That's a very important way to start thinking of technology.</p><p>Beyond that, my personal fascination with technology lies in the fact that, to me, technology is a magic tool because it can change the ground rules. Technology is the single thing that can challenge fundamental assumptions about how we behave in our society, in business, and in the marketplace. Think for a minute about the many factors that drive a company's ability to compete in the marketplace: access to capital; the education and training of the available work force; the legal and regulatory environment that the company is operating in; and its ability to market, to distribute, and to trade around the world. All of those things matter tremendously, but technology is something that a company can grab hold of, can use to start changing the parameters of competition. Technology is the most immediate tool that a company or an industry can use to start changing the ground rules. Let me give you an example of how those ground rules can change in phenomenal ways that come from my own background of semiconductor technology.</p><p>There was a time at the end of the 1970s when people could see that the doubling of density of the number of transistors that you could put on an individual integrated circuit would continue for a long time. Gordon Moore projected that we would continue to see that doubling occur very, very rapidly, and every few years we would get that doubling. In 1979, people could imagine a time that we would be able to manufacture a million transistors on a single integrated circuit. And now that time has come, and we've even gone beyond that; we are to 10 million and more transistors on a single integrated circuit.</p><p>In the late '70s, if you looked at how we were designing integrated circuits and you extrapolated the number of design hours it would take to design something of the complexity of a million transistors, it started to look like it might take every man, woman, and child in the country to design every integrated circuit! It was pretty clear that wasn't going to work. Gordon Moore gave this fabulous talk in 1979 in which he concluded that the era of VLSI was coming, but that when we got to very large scale integration the only thing we would be able to make would be memories where you design each cell individually—you don't have to manage a million transistors all at once. His conclusion wa
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<h2 class="nist-block__title">Speaker</h2>
|
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<p>Dr. Arati Prabhakar<br>Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology</p>
|
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<div class="text-long"><p>Trade and Technology Seminar Series<br>University of Maryland</p></div>
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<div class="text-italic font-sans-2xs">
|
|||
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Created October 16, 2009, Updated October 26, 2016
|
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