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<h1 class="nist-page__title">NIST: Empowering Innovation for a Resilient Future (NAE Annual Meeting)</h1>
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<div class="datetime"><time datetime="2024-09-30T12:00:00Z">September 30, 2024</time>
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<p><em>Remarks as prepared.</em></p><p>Thank you. It is a great honor for me to be able to provide today’s plenary lecture and to be part of the celebrations of the 60th anniversary of the National Academy of Engineering. The NAE’s mission to advance the welfare and prosperity of the nation resonates deeply with me both as a bioengineer and a public servant. &nbsp;</p><p>I am also very excited about the theme of this year’s meeting “reimagining supply chains for national resiliency,” as this topic touches on so much of what the scientists, engineers, and program managers at NIST are focused on bringing about. &nbsp;I look forward to sharing with you the tremendous work that NIST has been doing to empower innovation for a more resilient future, and to highlight what we as a nation must continue to do moving forward.</p><p>When I took over leadership of NIST it was clear that the U.S. was in a fierce international competition around technologies like AI, quantum, and biotechnology, which are having and will have significant impact on our economic competitiveness and national security. &nbsp;</p><p>The U.S. has a strong university system and has continued to lead in many areas of research and innovation in these and other technology areas. But unfortunately, we became complacent as a nation, and exposed ourselves to significant vulnerabilities that hinder our ability to fully capture the benefit of technologies invented here. &nbsp;</p><p>As other countries expanded their manufacturing base and built up highly skilled technical workforces with localized supply chains, we saw the opposite: A steady erosion and decline of the U.S.-based manufacturing base and with it, a decline in the U.S. base of highly skilled technical workers. &nbsp;</p><p>With ready access to just about any product one could imagine, we became lulled into a false sense of security despite being dependent on a highly dispersed and globalized supply chain optimized for profit and efficiency — and increasingly vulnerable to disruption.</p><p>We all saw these vulnerabilities exposed by the Covid-19 pandemic with its economic consequences.</p><p>Just think back to only years ago, we were vaccinated and starting to venture out more. Many of us took advantage of historically low interest rates to renovate homes that now served as offices, school rooms, and movie theaters for growing families. If you could find a contractor, you may have balked at much higher prices and longer lead times for materials. Or perhaps you tried to buy a new car, or a new appliance, but none were available as they sat unfinished waiting for various components.</p><p>The entire global supply chain had been disrupted by a combination of pandemic-related economic downturns. Add on natural and man-made disasters that shut down factories, overwhelmed ports, and disrupted global markets. &nbsp;</p><p>At the heart of so many of these disruptions were semiconductor chips, essential components in virtually every technology and product upon which almost every aspect of our lives today depends. &nbsp;</p><p>Many of us asked ourselves, why doesn’t America, where the semiconductor was invented, have a steady and secure supply of them — to power medical devices, to get the appliances and the cars that we want, and to protect our national security? &nbsp;</p><p>While the United States led the world for many years in the design and manufacture of these critical devices, our leadership role had languished. In 1990, we made 37% of the world’s semiconductors in America; in 2021, that figure was down to just 12%.</p><p>While other countries were investing in their own semiconductor industries, the U.S. was not. And that lack of investment had a notable impact. From 2010 to 2020, 122 major fabs were built around the world, just 17 were built in the United States.</p><p>Addressing this decline and fixing these glaring supply chain vulnerabilities required bold action. &nbsp;</p><p>As the U.S. had done so many times before, like with the Manhattan Project, the Apollo program, or the
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