publicdata/nist-gov
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nist-gov/www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair

1340 lines
120 KiB
Text
Raw Normal View History

Initital commit.
2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0
<noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style>
</noscript><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script>
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "G-CSLL4ZEK4L", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"EndureAir","node_id":"1512771","content_type":"Basic page"});</script>
<meta name="description" content=" " />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.nist.gov/node/1512771" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="EndureAir | NIST" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST" />
<meta property="og:type" content="Article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair" />
<meta property="og:title" content="EndureAir" />
<meta property="og:description" content=" " />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist_mark.png" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-08-02T11:52-04:00" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-12-27T17:34-05:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.title" content="EndureAir" />
<meta name="dcterms.description" content=" " />
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2018-08-02T11:52-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.type" content="text" />
<meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair" />
<meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST" />
<meta name="dcterms.created" content="2018-08-02T11:52-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2022-12-27T17:34-05:00" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content=" " />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="EndureAir" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2022-12-27T17:34:00-05:00" />
<meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="page" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<title>EndureAir | NIST</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_NaGqqoS4Dq9rGDglU_1iLnKYGW5APFAFaJ175lwhkjI.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFjo0KwzAIhF-oNI8UTGI7qYkh2mV7-6U_oyDiyR3fBYibNxlTXXhuT1HKVEjN2wszjp9wgOazJJdIITB6prJN-lXDPLKKp9-tLAH4yvbe_xo_dvhdansFnm95RTKshRaK00Js2FyEajT4KpGAfcZEcBCG403Y1Z17Hl12xoeUKTZRMvwBBQlTlQ" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kGS0ApDpFo-_3JI4Ijxg4RCWlTqsImK3lqH7bCv5v2U.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFjo0KwzAIhF-oNI8UTGI7qYkh2mV7-6U_oyDiyR3fBYibNxlTXXhuT1HKVEjN2wszjp9wgOazJJdIITB6prJN-lXDPLKKp9-tLAH4yvbe_xo_dvhdansFnm95RTKshRaK00Js2FyEajT4KpGAfcZEcBCG403Y1Z17Hl12xoeUKTZRMvwBBQlTlQ" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_-IXwLuTUdm8IGHxib8GX8wWKw3LjKsNWSYYskZ5fEGg.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFjo0KwzAIhF-oNI8UTGI7qYkh2mV7-6U_oyDiyR3fBYibNxlTXXhuT1HKVEjN2wszjp9wgOazJJdIITB6prJN-lXDPLKKp9-tLAH4yvbe_xo_dvhdansFnm95RTKshRaK00Js2FyEajT4KpGAfcZEcBCG403Y1Z17Hl12xoeUKTZRMvwBBQlTlQ" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_RS8YGnRq2Xi5aD-GQC3GKwBe6bOWBBmEmXrb2xB5FMM.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxFjo0KwzAIhF-oNI8UTGI7qYkh2mV7-6U_oyDiyR3fBYibNxlTXXhuT1HKVEjN2wszjp9wgOazJJdIITB6prJN-lXDPLKKp9-tLAH4yvbe_xo_dvhdansFnm95RTKshRaK00Js2FyEajT4KpGAfcZEcBCG403Y1Z17Hl12xoeUKTZRMvwBBQlTlQ" />
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_GM8kl6wk698qKTTwusj83bCoGHHtOZ1UinjY1sE_Qbk.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjdsOwjAIhl9I5ZEaurIOR8vSotW3tzsYzRIu4OM_eBxmZ9pnAf_b3b1eomoUcphR3sZDhTO4ZK7mRu4saMuiGJyVHsI5QsT9XdmI01L0SXAGa8vGbKJEvVfFY3FJAwSu6HuwcJ43DURRj3I9LDARBirf07XW_hT0stUIoTwWlNtx7saEMfPIwwflMGLc"></script>
</head>
<body class="node-1512771">
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude>
Skip to main content
</a>
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p>
</div>
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default">
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false">
<title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg>
</span>
) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;">
<p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair</p>
<img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" />
</div>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner">
<div class="usa-navbar">
<div class="usa-logo flex-fill">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home">
<img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto">
<div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group">
<form class="usa-search usa-search--small"
accept-charset="UTF-8"
action="/search"
id="search_form"
method="get">
<div role="search">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label>
<input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128">
<button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1">
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
<button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button>
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<a class="usa-nav__link" href="/publications">Publications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-2"><span>What We Do</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs &amp; Major Programs</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools &amp; Instruments</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services &amp; Resources</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License &amp; Patents</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News &amp; Events</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Organization Structure</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/about-nist/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget &amp; Planning</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/iaao/academic-affairs-office" class="usa-nav__link">Student programs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
</div>
<div
id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"
>
<section
class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"
>
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top-full"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--781216 nist-section-header--menu nist-section-header--interior">
<div class="nist-section-header__top grid-container">
<a href="/ctl">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-section-header__sub">
<div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container">
<div class="nist-section-header__title">
<h2><a href="/ctl/pscr">Public Safety Communications Research Division</a></h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container margin-top-4">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-6">
<aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3">
<div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div
class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--section-nav" data-elastic-exclude=""
>
<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-031b4713add711f48d8190de52b27c2b67f29111e4cd34167cf8b9fd0a23958c">
<div><div class="views-field views-field-nid"><span class="field-content">
<nav>
<ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion ">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about" title="About PSCR" data-drupal-link-system-path="">About</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/awards" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Awards</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/people" data-drupal-link-system-path="">People</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/newsroom" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Newsroom</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/virtual-tour" title="PSCR&#039;s Virtual Lab Tour" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Virtual Tour</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/public-safety-innovation-impacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Public Safety Innovation Impacts</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/public-safety-immersive-test-center" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Public Safety Immersive Test Center</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/about/collaborate-pscr" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Collaborate with PSCR</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Research Portfolios</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios/user-interfaceuser-experience" data-drupal-link-system-path="">User Interface/User Experience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios/public-safety-mission-critical-voice" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Public Safety Mission Critical Voice</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios/location-based-services" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Location-Based Services</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios/security" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Security</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios/uncrewed-aircraft-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Uncrewed Aircraft Systems</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/research-portfolios#ArchivedPortfolios" title="Archived Research Portfolios" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Archived Portfolios</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-2-6"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-2-6" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/public-safety-analytics" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Public Safety Analytics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/resilient-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Resilient Systems</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Funding Opportunities</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/grants-and-cooperative-agreements" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Grants and Cooperative Agreements</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Past Funding Opportunities</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP-2022</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/firstmodular-designing-and" data-drupal-link-system-path="">FirstModulAR: Designing and Integrating Augmented Reality User Interface Modules for First Responders</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/rapid-scalable-outdoor-and" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Rapid, Scalable Outdoor and Indoor Machine Learning-Based Mapping of Fire Department Pre-Plans</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/5g-enabled-indoor-positioning" data-drupal-link-system-path="">5G-enabled Indoor Positioning System for Firefighters using UAVs (5G-IPS)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/augmented-reality-wildland" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Augmented Reality Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Mitigation Framework and Application</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/broadimport-importing-european" data-drupal-link-system-path="">BroadImPort: Importing European BroadPort MCX concepts to US market needs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/digital-twin-enabled-testbed" data-drupal-link-system-path="">A Digital-Twin Enabled Testbed for Public Safety Communication Technologies</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/first-responder-intelligent" data-drupal-link-system-path="">First Responder Intelligent Assistant (FRIA)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2022/navigation-environment-merging" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Navigation Environment merging Virtuality, Ecotone, and Reality enabled by microtechnology for Localization Of Subjects and Things (NEVERLOST)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-artificial-intelligence-iot" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP Artificial Intelligence for IoT Information</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-artificial-intelligence-iot/smart" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Smart Communities, Smart Responders (SCSR) – An AI for IoT Prize Competition</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-public-safety-radio-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP Public Safety Radio Data</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-3"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-3" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-public-safety-radio-data/creating" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Creating a Shared Public Safety Radio Data Set for Research and Analysis</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP Augmented Reality</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-4"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-4" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/augmented-reality" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Augmented Reality Interface for Public Safety Operations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/extreme-reality" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Extreme Reality (EXR) Telemetry Interface for Real-Time Operation and Training</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/natural" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Natural Authentication for Emergency Management AR</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/archangel" data-drupal-link-system-path="">ARCHANGEL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/first-responder" data-drupal-link-system-path="">First Responder Augmented Reality Test Bed</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/searchar-user" data-drupal-link-system-path="">SearchAR User-Centered Adaptive Augmented Reality</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/context-aware" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Context-Aware Augmented Reality for Cognitive Assistance</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-augmented-reality/easyvizar-edge" data-drupal-link-system-path="">EasyVizAR: Edge-Supported, Assistive Augmented Reality for Indoor First Responder Scenarios</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-fr3d-prize" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP FR3D Prize</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-5"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-5" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-fr3d-prize/indiana-first-responder" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Indiana First Responder 3D Indoor Tracking Challenge</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-test-equipment" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP MCV Test Equipment</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-6"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-6" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-test-equipment/valid8-mcx-client" data-drupal-link-system-path="">The Valid8 MCX Client Conformance Tester</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-test-equipment/mcs-taasting" data-drupal-link-system-path="">MCS TaaSting</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-test-equipment/mission-critical" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Mission Critical Test Platform</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-i-axis" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP i-Axis</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-7"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-7" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-i-axis/accelerating-adoption-and-use" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Accelerating Adoption and Use of Emerging LBS by Public Safety</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-qoe" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP MCV QoE</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-8"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-8" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-qoe/artemis-quarc-quality-under" data-drupal-link-system-path="">ARTEMIS QUARC - Quality Under Adjustable Realistic Conditions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-mcv-qoe/experimentally-driven" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Experimentally-driven mapping of QoS-to-QoE for Mission-Critical Voice</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-point-cloud-city" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP Point Cloud City</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-9"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-9" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-point-cloud-city/creating-catalog" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Creating a Catalog of Point Clouds for Public Buildings in Enfield, Connecticut</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-point-cloud-city/map-901-building" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Map 901: Building Rich Interior Hazard Maps for First Responders</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-point-cloud-city/hancock-county" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Hancock County Point Cloud City</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP User Interface</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-10"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-10" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/design-prototyping" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Design, Prototyping and Evaluation of Next Generation Public Safety User Interfaces</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/investigating" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Investigating Emergency Response Performance with VR-Based Intelligent User Interfaces</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/firstsimvr-evaluating" data-drupal-link-system-path="">FirstSimVR: Evaluating Future Tools Using Today&#039;s VR</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/cognition-driven" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Cognition-driven Display for Navigation Activities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/ar-testing-equipment" data-drupal-link-system-path="">AR Testing of Equipment and Multiple Immersive Simulations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/glove-based-home" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Glove Based Home to Ambulance Simulation Environment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-user-interface/mixed-reality" data-drupal-link-system-path="">A Mixed Reality Training and Testing Facility for First Responders</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2017" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP 2017</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-11"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-3-2-11" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2017/psiap-2017-public-safety" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP 2017 - Public Safety Mission Critical Voice</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2017/psiap-2017-location-based" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP 2017 - Location-Based Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2017/psiap-2017-public-safety-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP 2017 - Public Safety Analytics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/past-funding-opportunities/psiap-2017/psiap-2017-resilient-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP 2017 - Resilient Systems</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/award-recipient-resource-center" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Award Recipient Resource Center</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/funding-opportunities/award-recipient-database" title="Find PSCR grant and cooperative agreement award recipients by institution." data-drupal-link-system-path="">Award Recipient Database</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Open Innovation Prize Challenges</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-4"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-4" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/current-and-upcoming-prize-challenges" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Current and Upcoming Prize Challenges</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-4-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-4-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/current-and-upcoming-prize-challenges/2024-first-responder" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2024 First Responder UAS Wireless Data Gatherer Challenge</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Past Prize Challenges</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-4-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-4-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2023-first-responder-uas-3d-mapping" title="This webpage provides an overview of the UAS 5.0 3D mapping challenge" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2023 First Responder UAS 3D Mapping Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2022-commanding-tech-challenge" title="2022 CommanDING Tech Challenge" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2022 CommanDING Tech Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2022-first-responder-uas-indoor" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2022 First Responder UAS Indoor Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2021-mobile-fingerprinting" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2021 Mobile Fingerprinting Innovation Technology Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2021-first-responder-uas-triple" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2021 First Responder UAS Triple Challenge</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-4-2-5"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-4-2-5" class="usa-sidenav__sublist">
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2021-first-responder-uas-triple/uas" data-drupal-link-system-path="">UAS 3.1: FastFind</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2021-first-responder-uas-triple-0" data-drupal-link-system-path="">UAS 3.2: LifeLink</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2021-first-responder-uas-triple-1" data-drupal-link-system-path="">UAS 3.3: Shields Up!</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2020-chariot-challenge" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2020 CHARIoT Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2020-first-responder-uas-endurance" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2020 First Responder UAS Endurance Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2020-enhancing-computer-vision" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2020 Enhancing Computer Vision for Public Safety Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2020-automated-stream-analysis" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2020 Automated Stream Analysis for Public Safety Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2020-differential-privacy-temporal" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2020 Differential Privacy Temporal Map Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2019-tech-protect-challenge" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2019 Tech to Protect Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2019-expanding-sim-card-use-public" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2019 Expanding the SIM Card Use for Public Safety Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2019-haptic-interfaces-public-safety" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2019 Haptic Interfaces for Public Safety Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2018-differential-privacy-synthetic" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2018 Differential Privacy Synthetic Data Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2018-unlinkable-data-challenge" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2018 The Unlinkable Data Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2018-virtual-reality-heads-display" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2018 Virtual Reality Heads-Up-Display Navigation Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2018-unmanned-aerial-systems-flight" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2018 Unmanned Aerial Systems Flight and Payload Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2017-virtual-public-safety-test" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2017 Virtual Public Safety Test Environment Challenge</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/open-innovation-prize-challenges/past-prize-challenges/2017-future-public-safety-technology" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2017 Future of Public Safety Technology 100k Video Series</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/commercialization" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Commercialization</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-5"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-5" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/commercialization/economic-impact" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Economic Impact</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/commercialization/pulse-accelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Pulse Accelerator</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/commercialization/psiap-taba-demonstration" title="Follow-on Funding for Technical and Business Assistance and Demonstration Projects with Public Safety Agencies" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSIAP TABA &amp; Demonstration</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/5x5-public-safety-innovation-summit" data-drupal-link-system-path="">5x5: The Public Safety Innovation Summit</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-6"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-6" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/5x5-public-safety-innovation-summit/5x5-resource-center" data-drupal-link-system-path="">5x5 Resource Center</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/resource-library" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Resource Library</a>
<button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-public-safety-communication-7"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button>
<ul id="menu-public-safety-communication-7" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-sidenav__item">
<a href="/ctl/pscr/resource-library/pscr-webinar-series" data-drupal-link-system-path="">PSCR Webinar Series</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</span></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</aside>
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<h1 class="nist-page__title">EndureAir</h1>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div data-elastic-exclude class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper">
<h2 class="nist-social__title">Share</h2>
<div class="social-media-sharing">
<div class="nist-social__wrapper--share">
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair"
title="Facebook" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-gray">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair&amp;source=https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair"
title="Linkedin" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-gray">
<span>Linkedin</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair&amp;status=https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair"
title="X.com" class="nist-social nist-social--x-gray">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a href="mailto:?subject=NIST.gov&amp;body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/ctl/pscr/endureair"
title="Email" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-gray">
<span>Email</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="text-with-summary">
<h3>&nbsp;</h3>
<figure class=" align-right nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2018/08/02/uas_movie_poster_endureair.png?itok=LuHn1S44" data-media-id="459536">
<img alt="movie poster highlighting the team EndureAir with their logo and a photo of a drone over the horizon" height="480" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2018/08/02/uas_movie_poster_endureair.png?itok=DYPQn3Zm" typeof="foaf:Image" width="360">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption"></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Unmanned Aerial Systems Flight&nbsp;and Payload Challenge<br>
Stage 3 Finalist</p>
<hr>
<h4>About the Team</h4>
<p><em>Team Members: Ankur Duhoon, Sagar Setu, Nidhish Raj, Karthik Sathyanarayanan, Dr. Abhishek, Jayant Sirohi &amp; Yamin Durrani</em></p>
<p><a href="https://angel.co/endure-air">EndureAir, Inc.</a> provides an innovative VTOL (Vertical take-off and landing), high endurance, intelligent UAV solutions to solve last mile logistic problems. They believe commercial UAVs should become the de-facto solution for last mile deliveries in remote areas. EndureAir's UAV comes with a robust, rugged form factor and is the cheapest $/mile/duration solution to efficiently solve the "last mile delivery" problem. They have already solved the issue of endurance with their vehicle capable of providing more than 2 hours of flight time that can carry a six (6) lb payload and fly 50 miles round trip. Their focus is to implement deep learning AI (artificial intelligence) for flight safety, finding safe location to drop payload and deciding optimal path. Their UAV is better than fixed wing or quad rotors and is a traditional very stable platform proven to be effective in large scale aerial delivery systems.</p>
<p><strong>Dr. Abhishek</strong> is an Assistant Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Research with over eight years of specialization in rotary wing aeromechanics, hover capable autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicles, multi-body dynamics, inverse flight dynamics, helicopter and innovative VTOL, air vehicle design, and wind turbines. He received his Masters of Science and Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park.</p>
<p><strong>Yamin Durrani</strong> is one of the founding members of EndureAir, Inc. with over 14 years of experience in the technology sector in executive management, sales, marketing, and research and development. He received his Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Texas A&amp;M University and Master of Business Administration from Santa Clara University Leavey School of Businesss.</p>
<p><strong>Nidhish Raj</strong> is pursuing his Ph.D. in Aerospace Guidance and Control, Geometric Mechanics/ Control from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur. He was the lead developer of the NAAVIK autopilot as a Research Assistant at IIT Kanpur, focused primarily on developing drivers, control and guidance algorithm for various platforms.</p>
<p><strong>Ankur Duhoon</strong> is a Design Engineer for EndureAir, Inc. with several years of experience in design and manufacturing a novel payload delivery mechanism for UAS, in addition to developing an IC engine powered variable pitch quadrotor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur. His field of interest is in design and development of UAVs. He received a dual degree, Bachelors of Technology and Masters of Technology in Aerospace Engineer from IIT Kanpur.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Sagar Setu</strong> is one of the founding member of EndureAir, Inc. with several years of experience in start-up companies in the field of aerial logistics and IoT with more recent focus on developing the first prototype of the delivery vehicle. He is pursuing his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur with a focus on autonomous landing of helicopter post engine failure.</p>
<p><strong>Karthik Sathyanarayanan</strong> is a Design Manager at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd with several years of experience on helicopter vibration, structural dynamics, and software development. He is pursuing his Masters of Technology in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur with a research interest in helicopter flight dynamics modeling, rotary wing structural dynamics, design of rotary UAS, structural design and aeroelastic analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Dr. Jayant Sirohi</strong> is a Researcher at Cockrell School of Engineering with a focus on solids, structures and materials, and interests in micro/unmanned aerial vehicles, vertical lift aircraft, fixed-wing and rotary-wing aeroelasticity. He held roles in industry and academia and is currently the Principal Investigator of the Vertical Lift Research Center of Excellence. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland, College Park.</p>
<hr>
<h4>The Solution</h4>
<p>Team EndureAir collaborated with members of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur on this challenge to create a helicopter with rotors in a tandem configuration, powered by a single gasoline engine. The airframe, transmission and the controls were designed from scratch, while the rotor heads were utilized from the existing 'Endure 800' conventional helicopter platform, which has a proven track record. A tandem configuration is more efficient in hover for a given payload and provides more lift with compact rotor arrangement, thereby the apt solution for the given mission requirements.</p>
<p>Helicopters in tandem configuration have many advantages over conventional helicopter (single main rotor + tail rotor). In tandem configurations, both main rotors produce lift and cancel out the torque of each other.&nbsp;Therefore, all the power is used for lift production and none is wasted in countering the torque. Their approach of using a helicopter in a tandem configuration, coupled with gasoline as an energy source, provides maximum lift as well as the long endurance required to meet the challenge.</p>
<p>Generally, in a helicopter tandem configuration, the front rotor and rear rotor rotate in different planes i.e. the front rotor is in the full developed slipstream of the rear rotor. This arrangement of rotor planes is more efficient as compared to when rotors are in the same plane. Team EndureAir decided to keep the plane of rotation of both rotors in the same plane since it was easier to implement structurally given the short timeframe for this competition.</p>
<p>The final Tandem UAS design for Team EndureAir had the capability of lifting heavy loads with more C.G. range along the longitudinal axis as compared to the conventional configuration and is capable of hovering for two hours with MTOW (maximum takeoff mass). During the entire build process, Team EndureAir learned good lessons:</p>
<ul>
<li>A good design on paper saves a lot of time and resources.</li>
<li>Follow the challenge timeline in order to keep track of the progress.</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h4 class="text-align-center">Key Features</h4>
<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
<div class="grid-col">
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Fuel source</strong> = Gasoline powered</li>
<li><strong>Weight specifications</strong> = 26 lb UAV with ability to carry up to 22 lb payload plus fuel</li>
<li><strong>Expected flight time carrying 10 lb weight</strong> = ~120 minutes</li>
<li><strong>Expected height and distance limit</strong> = ability to climb to 10k feet and distance of 200k feet</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="grid-col last">
<h2>&nbsp;</h2>
<figure class=" align-center nist-image" role="group">
<div>
<img alt="photo of a drone on the grass" height="239" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2018/08/02/endureair_photo.png?itok=EdsRb2Mt" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption"></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Transmission system</strong> = 2 stage transmission system. First stage is Helical Gears and 2nd stage is Gates timing belts and pulleys</li>
<li><strong>Flight Electronics/ wiring harness</strong> = Open source Autopilot Hardware, GPS module, Telemetry, Power module, Transmitter, Receiver, Electronic ignition unit and Li-Po batteries.</li>
<li><strong>Air Frame</strong> = aluminum base plate with engine, drives and fuel tanks mounted on side; payload mounted on bottom</li>
<li><strong>Emergency Shutdown</strong> = Independent kill switch link</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="text-italic font-sans-2xs">
Created August 2, 2018, Updated December 27, 2022
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4">
<div class="grid-container nist-footer__info">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__logo">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home">
<img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__contact">
<h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3>
<address>
100 Bureau Drive<br>
Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br>
<a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a>
</address>
<p>
<a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__social-links">
<a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href=" https://www.facebook.com/NIST">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href=" https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist">
<span>LinkedIn</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href=" https://www.instagram.com/nist/">
<span>Instagram</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href=" https://www.youtube.com/NIST">
<span>YouTube</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href=" https://giphy.com/nist">
<span>Giphy</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href=" https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds">
<span>RSS Feed</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href=" https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new">
<span>Mailing List</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__feedback">
How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/ctl/pscr/endureair" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation">
<ul>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</div>
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1512771","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".ck-editor, .nist-video-thumbnail__lightbox-trigger, a.nist-icon--mail-blue","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"after","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"bd6a443844dbe99b4e6942f3b1397526e760137efd2b1ee6b2d588fc414dff20"}}</script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_jDaFaXhHm6gPUKstNYX9eIyoQXghVs3g7rbR0QoqpYY.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjdsOwjAIhl9I5ZEaurIOR8vSotW3tzsYzRIu4OM_eBxmZ9pnAf_b3b1eomoUcphR3sZDhTO4ZK7mRu4saMuiGJyVHsI5QsT9XdmI01L0SXAGa8vGbKJEvVfFY3FJAwSu6HuwcJ43DURRj3I9LDARBirf07XW_hT0stUIoTwWlNtx7saEMfPIwwflMGLc"></script>
<script src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_HY1Ms3yOfuqQSMTBfmGvZOFPBXfCpnERuw4Zs8pWhy4.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjdsOwjAIhl9I5ZEaurIOR8vSotW3tzsYzRIu4OM_eBxmZ9pnAf_b3b1eomoUcphR3sZDhTO4ZK7mRu4saMuiGJyVHsI5QsT9XdmI01L0SXAGa8vGbKJEvVfFY3FJAwSu6HuwcJ43DURRj3I9LDARBirf07XW_hT0stUIoTwWlNtx7saEMfPIwwflMGLc"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":4,"applicationTime":911,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue Copy permalink