nist-gov/www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse

1377 lines
110 KiB
Text
Raw Normal View History

2025-03-05 18:59:57 +00:00
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0
<noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style>
</noscript><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script>
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "G-CSLL4ZEK4L", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse ","node_id":"1847936","blog_author":"Alex Boss","content_type":"Blog entry"});</script>
<meta name="description" content="Check out some of the things happening at NIST during the past few months through the lens of social media" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.nist.gov/node/1847936" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse | NIST" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST" />
<meta property="og:type" content="Article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse" />
<meta property="og:title" content="NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Check out some of the things happening at NIST during the past few months through the lens of social media" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/social/public/images/2024/05/09/NIST_researchers_solar_eclipse%20%281%29.jpg?itok=yzpLws_r" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist_mark.png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="640" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="480" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Four people sitting outside on a green tarp wear eclipse glasses as they peer up into the sky." />
<meta property="article:author" content="Alex Boss" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="kolsky" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-06-05T08:00-04:00" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-01-30T07:43-05:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.title" content="NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse" />
<meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Alex Boss" />
<meta name="dcterms.description" content="Check out some of the things happening at NIST during the past few months through the lens of social media" />
<meta name="dcterms.publisher" content="Alex Boss" />
<meta name="dcterms.contributor" content="NIST" />
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2024-06-05T08:00-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.type" content="text" />
<meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse" />
<meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST" />
<meta name="dcterms.created" content="2024-06-05T08:00-04:00" />
<meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2025-01-30T07:43-05:00" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Check out some of the things happening at NIST during the past few months through the lens of social media" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2025-01-30T07:43:00-05:00" />
<script type="application/ld+json">{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "Article",
"@id": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse",
"headline": "NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse",
"name": "NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse",
"description": "Check out some of the things happening at NIST during the past few months through the lens of social media.",
"image": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/social/public/images/2024/05/09/NIST_researchers_solar_eclipse%20%281%29.jpg?itok=yzpLws_r",
"width": "640",
"height": "480"
},
"datePublished": "2024-06-05T08:00-04:00",
"dateModified": "2025-01-30T07:43-05:00",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"@id": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/authors/alex-boss",
"name": "Alex Boss",
"url": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/authors/alex-boss"
},
"publisher": {
"@type": "GovernmentOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.nist.gov/",
"name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
"url": "https://www.nist.gov/"
}
}
]
}</script>
<meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="blog" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<title>NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse | NIST</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_hKAD9a0878O1Pdb6alKtCmESLiUtQmrBX15rQUvSgOA.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKotCNFaYTW9fazW5ctIYRH3i9CWoPJmM3H3x0oSXWV1II9sOD4CUdooUj2mRQiY2Cqq9NTDcvQKr75fmGJwB9t7_2L8WkX3-e2b8DTDd1B2NW_9zS8d75dCiyVZkpuJjZsPsFmNCqpJAIOBTPBFToYDKfsFkarJAe200vFJH8NCqUmSoYvWkVdRQ" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kGS0ApDpFo-_3JI4Ijxg4RCWlTqsImK3lqH7bCv5v2U.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKotCNFaYTW9fazW5ctIYRH3i9CWoPJmM3H3x0oSXWV1II9sOD4CUdooUj2mRQiY2Cqq9NTDcvQKr75fmGJwB9t7_2L8WkX3-e2b8DTDd1B2NW_9zS8d75dCiyVZkpuJjZsPsFmNCqpJAIOBTPBFToYDKfsFkarJAe200vFJH8NCqUmSoYvWkVdRQ" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_-IXwLuTUdm8IGHxib8GX8wWKw3LjKsNWSYYskZ5fEGg.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKotCNFaYTW9fazW5ctIYRH3i9CWoPJmM3H3x0oSXWV1II9sOD4CUdooUj2mRQiY2Cqq9NTDcvQKr75fmGJwB9t7_2L8WkX3-e2b8DTDd1B2NW_9zS8d75dCiyVZkpuJjZsPsFmNCqpJAIOBTPBFToYDKfsFkarJAe200vFJH8NCqUmSoYvWkVdRQ" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_RS8YGnRq2Xi5aD-GQC3GKwBe6bOWBBmEmXrb2xB5FMM.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxNTgsOwyAIvZCpRzKotCNFaYTW9fazW5ctIYRH3i9CWoPJmM3H3x0oSXWV1II9sOD4CUdooUj2mRQiY2Cqq9NTDcvQKr75fmGJwB9t7_2L8WkX3-e2b8DTDd1B2NW_9zS8d75dCiyVZkpuJjZsPsFmNCqpJAIOBTPBFToYDKfsFkarJAe200vFJH8NCqUmSoYvWkVdRQ" />
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_GM8kl6wk698qKTTwusj83bCoGHHtOZ1UinjY1sE_Qbk.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjWsSgyAMhC-kzZEyQSKmAnEApb198dFpx5n8yLfJ7hoaZizaZgHz2_GZO6fqPCNF8u8iQ4a70EXJBUdpmtUavZLFklqIRAeOznOWwhKWpBvDXdhbDq1MHLj1qjeUMKgFK5lMC_YS5-MHnFdDvr8sMDFZTl_EWuvfB7_KbgSb1oX848LTGMhFGWXoNuGa8bmGBQPHFQ7ud-53_gAS9G-N"></script>
</head>
<body class="node-1847936">
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude>
Skip to main content
</a>
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Heres how you know</p>
</div>
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default">
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Heres how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong>
<br/>
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false">
<title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg>
</span>
) or <strong>https://</strong> means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;">
<p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse</p>
<img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" />
</div>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner">
<div class="usa-navbar">
<div class="usa-logo flex-fill">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home">
<img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto">
<div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group">
<form class="usa-search usa-search--small"
accept-charset="UTF-8"
action="/search"
id="search_form"
method="get">
<div role="search">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label>
<input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128">
<button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1">
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
<button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button>
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion">
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<a class="usa-nav__link" href="/publications">Publications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-2"><span>What We Do</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/quantum-information-science" class="usa-nav__link">Quantum information science</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs &amp; Major Programs</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools &amp; Instruments</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services &amp; Resources</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://shop.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License &amp; Patents</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News &amp; Events</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button>
<div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/director/leadership" class="usa-nav__link">Leadership</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Organization Structure</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/about-nist/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget &amp; Planning</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="/iaao/academic-affairs-office" class="usa-nav__link">Student programs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a>
<ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
<li>
<a href="http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
<a href="/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
</div>
<div
id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"
>
<section
class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"
>
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top-full"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="entity-reference">
<div class="nist-blog-header nist-blog-header--purple nist-blog-header--inner">
<div class="nist-blog-header__bkgrd">
<div class="nist-blog-header__main grid-container">
<div class="grid-row">
<h2 class="nist-blog-header__title">
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure"> Taking Measure
</a>
</h2>
<div class="nist-blog-header__tagline">
<p class="text">Just a Standard Blog</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container margin-top-4">
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<h1 class="nist-page__title">NIST Researchers Measure Greenhouse Gases During the Solar Eclipse</h1>
</div>
<div
class="font-body-md"
>
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-06-05T12:00:00Z">June 5, 2024</time>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<span>By: </span>
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/alex-boss" hreflang="en">Alex Boss</a>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<div data-elastic-exclude class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper">
<h2 class="nist-social__title">Share</h2>
<div class="social-media-sharing">
<div class="nist-social__wrapper--share">
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse"
title="Facebook" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-gray">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse&amp;source=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse"
title="Linkedin" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-gray">
<span>Linkedin</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse&amp;status=https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse"
title="X.com" class="nist-social nist-social--x-gray">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
</div>
<div>
<a href="mailto:?subject=NIST.gov&amp;body=Check out this site https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse"
title="Email" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-gray">
<span>Email</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container margin-top-4">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-6">
<div
class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8"
>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="text-with-summary">
<p class="MsoNormal">Research done at NIST is more than a measurement or a simple calculation.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Whether its researchers using a unique test instrument to mimic instantaneous moments that happen in a fraction of a second or monitoring greenhouse gases during a rare event, the work done here has a connection to real-world applications.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Check out some of the things happening at NIST during the past few months through the lens of <a href="/social-media" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="246afa02-8bbb-4437-9df4-2af9a455f738" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Social Media at NIST">social media</a>.</p><h2>Not Your Average Bar: Testing Materials Under Forces at High Speeds</h2>
<figure class=" align-right nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/03/20/DSC_2581.jpg?itok=9dG5z9vs" data-media-id="703586">
<img alt="An elongated test instrument with steel cylinders that rapidly heats and applies force to a material." height="480" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2024/03/20/DSC_2581.jpg?itok=rfVge5f5" typeof="foaf:Image" width="320">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">The Kolsky bar is set up with a long set of steel cylinders as shown here.<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Wilson/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="MsoNormal">This elongated test instrument, the first of its kind in the world, puts materials under two extreme conditions in fractions of seconds, rapidly heating them and applying force at the same time. Its a modified version of a Kolsky bar, an instrument with origins dating back to the turn of the 20th century.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The Kolsky bar is set up with a long set of steel cylinders as shown here. A sample sits between them. Thin metal bars rest inside the cylinder on one side. When we strike one end with a projectile propelled by nitrogen gas, it creates a pressure wave that moves through the bars at the speed of sound in steel (way faster than a bullet) and hits the sample.</p><p class="MsoNormal">NISTs Kolsky bar was designed to rapidly heat up the sample before the pressure wave hits it. That means we can make measurements on materials as they are weakening or changing structure at the molecular level (the microstructure) from the heat.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Its a type of measurement that had never been attempted elsewhere in the world before NIST got involved.</p><p class="MsoNormal">But why put these materials through the wringer so fast? Thats because some major moments in life happen in fractions of seconds <span>—</span> car accidents, manufacturing processes, bomb explosions, athlete collisions <span>—</span> and we need to know how the materials that we use in everything from cars to sports helmets perform in those brief moments.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Thats especially true for products made via additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, the process of building a shape from the ground up, one layer of material at a time. Its a relatively new process for creating parts to go, for example, in a car.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Thanks to the Kolsky bar experiments happening at NIST, we can gather crucial data on these parts to see how they stand up to extreme, real-world conditions.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="/programs-projects/dynamic-plasticity-non-equilibrium-mechanics" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="81671122-6cf9-451e-a0fd-a4fac944cf61" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Dynamic Plasticity: Non-Equilibrium Mechanics">Learn more about the program.</a></p><h2>From Skepticism to Belief: Tasshi Dennis Builds the Next Generation of Quantum Networks</h2>
<figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/04/18/Tasshi_Dennis_2.jpg?itok=DGrI9mC7" data-media-id="706051">
<img alt="Tasshi Dennis stands in his lab and reaches toward a countertop full of equipment with lots of wires and circuitry." height="561" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2024/04/18/Tasshi_Dennis_2.jpg?itok=A95wvWtH" typeof="foaf:Image" width="960">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">NIST researcher Tasshi Dennis is working to build the next generation of quantum computers and networks.<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
K. Palubicki/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="MsoNormal">When NIST scientist Tasshi Dennis first encountered quantum physics as a student, he was skeptical it would ever amount to any practical applications. Little did he know that decades later, he would be at the forefront of NIST's efforts to build the next generation of quantum computers and networks. &nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Tasshis path to quantum research was an unlikely one. In high school, his uncle, a medical doctor, tried to inspire him into a science career by gifting him a subscription to <em>Scientific American</em> magazine. He recalls that the articles in the magazine were hard to understand at the time, but there were a few topics that really stuck out to him, such as scientists making micromachines through a process called nanofabrication, and exotic new devices, including quantum wires and dots.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Intrigued, Tasshi decided to focus on optics and lasers in college, seeing them as a gateway into the nanofabrication world. After earning his Ph.D., he joined NIST, working on a wide range of projects from wavelength standards to biomedical imaging. “I always saw the quantum stuff happening around me, but I kind of ignored it,” he says. “I thought it was just a quirky intellectual thing that would never amount to anything.” &nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">That changed in 2019 when NIST launched a project to demonstrate a quantum network, which is a way of connecting quantum computers and devices, similar to how classical computers are networked today. Five years later, Tasshi serves as the project leader, developing the technology to network superconducting quantum computers — a critical step toward large-scale quantum computing. &nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">While he acknowledges that the technology is still decades away from widespread use, hes embraced the challenge. “Im willing to take on the risk,” he says. “I am training the next generation of scientists, but Im learning it alongside them, which makes it really exciting.” &nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Its a far cry from the young Tasshi who dismissed quantum as an intellectual curiosity. But as hes discovered, sometimes the most promising opportunities lie in the places we least expect.</p><h2>Experiencing a Solar Eclipse With Science on the Mind</h2>
<figure class=" align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" role="group">
<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2024/05/09/NIST_researchers_solar_eclipse%20%281%29.jpg?itok=S52Ii7aR" data-media-id="707936">
<img alt="Four people sitting outside on a green tarp wear eclipse glasses as they peer up into the sky. " height="480" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/960_x_960_limit/public/images/2024/05/09/NIST_researchers_solar_eclipse%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mUjb01sc" typeof="foaf:Image" width="640">
</div>
<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Researchers gathered to watch the solar eclipse on NIST's campus in Gaithersburg, Maryland.&nbsp;<div class="nist-image__credit">
<span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span>
R. Press/NIST
</div></figcaption>
</figure>
<p class="MsoNormal">Depending on where you were during the solar eclipse in April, you may have been able to witness something that only happens every so often. At our Gaithersburg, Maryland, campus, a few NIST researchers watched the solar event with science on their minds.</p><p class="MsoNormal">During the day, plants undergo photosynthesis, during which they absorb sunlight and carbon dioxide or CO<sub>2</sub> to create food and energy, lowering CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in the local atmosphere. The group of researchers, which included Tyler Boyle, Anna Karion, David Allen and Julia Marrs, were curious as to whether their sensors would detect any changes to the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> during an eclipse.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">To investigate, they used two different types of sensors.&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal">Their low-cost sensor platform is made up of three commercially available sensors <span>—</span> originally used to measure indoor air quality <span>—</span> and a single-board computer, which serves as the brains of the device. The platform works alongside reference gases with known concentrations and compares its CO<sub>2</sub> measurements against them.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The second type of sensor can detect CO<sub>2</sub> measurements with a very high precision of 0.1 parts per million.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Did they notice a difference in CO<sub>2</sub> levels? The simple answer is yes. Researchers ran a brief analysis and found that exactly on the dot at 3:20 p.m., which was the height of the solar eclipse in Gaithersburg, the CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations spiked a little bit. All three low-cost sensors and the high-cost sensor were able to detect the small change.</p><p class="MsoNormal">As for what this means, further analysis is needed <span>—</span> so stay tuned for results!</p><div class="nist-callout"><h2><span>To get news like this and other updates, follow NIST on social media:</span></h2><p><span><strong>Facebook</strong></span></p><ul><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/NIST/"><span>National Institute of Standards and Technology</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/NISTMEP/"><span>Manufacturing Extension Partnership</span></a></p></li></ul><p><span><strong>Twitter</strong></span></p><ul><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/nist"><span>@NIST</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/nistdirector"><span>@NISTDirector</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/nist_events"><span>@NIST_Events</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/NISTcyber"><span>@NISTCyber</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/NIST_MEP"><span>@NIST_MEP</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/BaldrigeProgram"><span>@BaldrigeProgram</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/MFGUSA"><span>@MFGUSA</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://twitter.com/NISTPublicSafeT"><span>@NISTPublicSafeT</span></a></p></li></ul><p><span><strong>LinkedIn</strong></span></p><ul><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/6357/"><span>National Institute of Standards and Technology</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist-nice/"><span>National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/organization-of-scientific-area-committees-osac-for-forensic-science/"><span>Organization of Scientific Area Committees</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/nist-communications-technology-laboratory/"><span>Communications Technology Laboratory</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/6947787/"><span>Manufacturing USA group</span></a></p></li><li><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.linkedin.
</div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div class="nist-tags">
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248416">Chemistry</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248561">Environment</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248946">Materials</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248991">Metals</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249241">Physics</a>,
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249246">Atomic / molecular / quantum</a> and
<a href="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249281">Quantum information science</a></div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>About the author</h2>
<div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden entity-reference">
<div class="nist-field__items">
<div class="nist-field__item">
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/alex-boss" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/alex-boss" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/02/13/Headshot%2005-27-2019-4.jpg?itok=SSUTBk0H" width="100" height="100" alt="portrait of Alex Boss" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/authors/alex-boss"><span>Alex Boss</span>
</a></h3>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"><p><span><span>Alex Boss is a general assignment writer in the NIST Public Affairs Office and covers standard reference materials (SRM). She has a B.S. in biology from Rhodes College and an M.A.&nbsp;in health and medical journalism from the University of Georgia. Her favorite pastimes include playing in DCs recreational soccer leagues and drinking chai lattes.</span></span></p></div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="views-element-container nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Related posts</h2>
<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-8ae08907796e3edf909f5d492a4fffbba591bad48ad2d6f656b3702c11823e6e">
<div>
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/insulation-melts-your-walls-and-could-reduce-your-energy-costs" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/insulation-melts-your-walls-and-could-reduce-your-energy-costs" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/01/30/jae_hyun_kim_portrait_012125.JPG?itok=JlrBhtoT" width="100" height="67" alt="A researcher in a lab coat and safety glasses poses next to a large piece of lab equipment." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/insulation-melts-your-walls-and-could-reduce-your-energy-costs"><span>The Insulation That Melts in Your Walls — and Could Reduce Your Energy Costs</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-26T12:00:00Z">February 26, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Wherever humans go, we take some form of insulation with us to keep us at just the right temperature. But just because the idea is old doesnt mean that there
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/high-flying-science-how-and-why-we-sent-refrigerator-halfway-space" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/high-flying-science-how-and-why-we-sent-refrigerator-halfway-space" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2025/01/23/ephraim_gau_tes_balloon_in_air_012125.JPG?itok=vkGGerAo" width="75" height="100" alt="A rectangular box coated with reflective foil hangs from cables over a parking lot." typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/high-flying-science-how-and-why-we-sent-refrigerator-halfway-space"><span>High-Flying Science: How and Why We Sent a Refrigerator Halfway to Space</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-12T12:00:00Z">February 12, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> NIST-developed tools can study the remnants of the Big Bang and more, and now researchers are working to launch these tools high above the Earths atmosphere —
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div>
<article
about="/blogs/taking-measure/5-concepts-can-help-you-understand-quantum-mechanics-and-technology-without" class="nist-teaser"
>
<div class="nist-teaser__image">
<div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/5-concepts-can-help-you-understand-quantum-mechanics-and-technology-without" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/10/16/tara_fortier_working_in_lab_october_2023.jpg?itok=RkM9HePP" width="100" height="67" alt="A researcher wearing safety glasses reaches into a box of circuitry and other equipment, which emits a green glow. " typeof="foaf:Image" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper">
<header>
<h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/blogs/taking-measure/5-concepts-can-help-you-understand-quantum-mechanics-and-technology-without"><span>5 Concepts Can Help You Understand Quantum Mechanics and Technology — Without Math!</span>
</a></h3>
<div class="nist-teaser__date">
<div class="daterange"><time datetime="2025-02-05T12:00:00Z">February 5, 2025</time>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nist-teaser__content">
<div class="text-with-summary"> Quantum is everywhere, and you can understand the basic quirks of life at the quantum level … no math required.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Comments</h2>
<section>
<h2>Add new comment</h2>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Lx5yvw0vUi4TN7C0L-5Rdrp4Q049mXEKn-dXREWOtBs.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxLzCvJTMov0U-E0Hpp-UW5OsmJBSXJGYn6SYnFqTppmTklqUX6KUWlBYk5ehAeAD47FNs&amp;exclude=eJx1UAuuwyAMuxAdR0IBsi5bIBWfdb39QrunVZOeRFDsWI7BQ3i4JnoW67-9u1fj_xlRkGxmkZnRQQbeGoVqfwmTqTZ3JeWirJkFomtFbSjPdoZjXKkhpaXIE-0vMSLsXLthQt0s7KG4JNFGquDVmCk_TN1qw6QJK-56O7N44HM_fazsDSFi-YNuXdez-oSHBF9tLLCx9AX48oHmSbhWu98XDdMZTV0gaWUr_tprgKaUBAJ2CSPByEbBMGzSm9PwQZ9XNisZg_Bh6O49LSrP_bCeBp4G_kZLFIqMH3oD_KWsjg" />
<form class="comment-comment-node-blog-form comment-form usa-form antibot" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="comment-form" data-action="/comment/reply/node/1847936/comment_node_blog" action="/antibot" method="post" id="comment-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
<noscript>
<div class="antibot-no-js antibot-message antibot-message-warning">You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form.</div>
</noscript>
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-name js-form-item-name">
<label for="edit-name" class="usa-label">
Your name
</label>
<input data-drupal-default-value="Anonymous" data-drupal-selector="edit-name" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text usa-input" />
</div>
<input data-drupal-selector="form-evzij-jbdkgenavw5sf4orhby4aghpn1avidwtcpjpg" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-evZij_jBDKGenAVW5SF4oRHBY4aGhPN1avIDWtcpJPg" class="usa-input" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-comment-node-blog-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="comment_comment_node_blog_form" class="usa-input" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-antibot-key" type="hidden" name="antibot_key" value="" class="usa-input" /><div class="field--type-text-long field--name-comment-body field--widget-text-textarea js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-wrapper" id="edit-comment-body-wrapper"> <div class="js-text-format-wrapper js-form-item form-item">
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textarea js-form-type-textarea form-item-comment-body-0-value js-form-item-comment-body-0-value">
<label for="edit-comment-body-0-value" class="usa-label form-required">
Comment
<span class="usa-label--required"> <span class="usa-sr-only">Required</span>*</span></label>
<div class="form-textarea-wrapper">
<textarea class="js-text-full text-full form-textarea required usa-textarea resize-vertical" data-entity_embed-host-entity-langcode="en" data-media-embed-host-entity-langcode="en" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-0-value" id="edit-comment-body-0-value" name="comment_body[0][value]" rows="5" cols="60" placeholder="" required="required" aria-required="true"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-filter-wrapper filter-wrapper hidden js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-0-format" id="edit-comment-body-0-format"><div class="js-filter-guidelines filter-guidelines js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-comment-body-0-format-guidelines" id="edit-comment-body-0-format-guidelines"><div data-drupal-format-id="plain_text">
<h4>Plain text</h4>
<ul>
<li>No HTML tags allowed.</li>
<li>Web page addresses and email addresses turn into links automatically.</li>
<li>Lines and paragraphs break automatically.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<fieldset data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha" class="captcha captcha-type-challenge--image">
<legend class="captcha__title js-form-required form-required">
CAPTCHA
</legend>
<div class="captcha__element">
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-sid" type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="652142171" class="usa-input" /><input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-token" type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="GFkCxr-1uCEh106_3UNSE09_zSB2cWsY-eAodYuDOVM" class="usa-input" /><div class="captcha__image-wrapper js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-image-wrapper" id="edit-captcha-image-wrapper"><img data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-image" src="/image-captcha-generate/652142171/1741077752" width="180" height="60" alt="Image CAPTCHA" title="Image CAPTCHA" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" />
</div>
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-captcha-response js-form-item-captcha-response">
<label for="edit-captcha-response" class="usa-label form-required">
What code is in the image?
<span class="usa-label--required"> <span class="usa-sr-only">Required</span>*</span></label>
<input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-response" aria-describedby="edit-captcha-response--description" type="text" id="edit-captcha-response" name="captcha_response" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text required usa-input" required="required" aria-required="true" />
<div id="edit-captcha-response--description" class="description help-block">
Enter the characters shown in the image.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="captcha__description description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div>
</fieldset>
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Save" class="button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit usa-button" /></div>
<div class="comments__disclaimer padding-top-2">
<em>Please be respectful when posting comments. We will post all comments without editing as long as they are appropriate for a public, family friendly website, are on topic and do not contain profanity, personal attacks, misleading or false information/accusations or promote specific commercial products, services or organizations. Comments that violate our comment policy or include links to non-government organizations/web pages will not be posted.</em>
</div>
</form>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-second tablet-lg:grid-col-4">
<div>
<div
class="nist-block"
>
<div>
<div about="/blogs/taking-measure">
<div
class="nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Our Science in Your Inbox</h2>
<div class="text-long"><p>Subscribe to our weekly emails.</p>
<form action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscribers/qualify" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post">
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;">
<input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="GleKn0r3EFkuIRsIWsyLN6Mrqim4qc3U7eIUCWGqBFz2ziQ/qv0gnQTJUhVbKHMSlmrsC7UHIm6S8IfK6qk9EQ==">
<input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIST_309">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-1">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-8">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="email">Enter Email Address</label>
<input class="usa-input" type="text" name="email" id="email" title="email" placeholder="Your Email Address">
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-4">
<input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign Up" class="usa-button margin-top-1">
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div
class="views-exposed-form usa-form filters nist-block" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-blog-taking-measure-search-page"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Search</h2>
<form action="/blogs/taking-measure/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-blog-taking-measure-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="usa-form">
<div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-k js-form-item-k form-no-label">
<input placeholder="Search this blog" data-drupal-selector="edit-k" type="text" id="edit-k" name="k" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text usa-input" />
<div id="edit-k--description" class="description help-block">
Put exact phrase in quotes (e.g., "artificial intelligence")
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-12 form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search-blog" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search-blog" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit usa-button" /></div>
</form>
</div>
<div
class="nist-block no-print"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Stay connected</h2>
<div><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--facebook" title="Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin" title="LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a><a href="https://www.x.com/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--x" title="X (Twitter)" ><span>X (Twitter)</span></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/nist" class="nist-social nist-social--youtube" title="Youtube" ><span>Youtube</span></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nist/" class="nist-social nist-social--instagram" title="Instagram" ><span>Instagram</span></a><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_309" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery" ><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div>
</div>
<div
class="views-element-container nist-block"
>
<h2
class="nist-block__title"
>Categories</h2>
<div><div class="js-view-dom-id-839a2d22281cb902f4649f129da82f73adfebd3d1561600c0d7821df5097957c">
<div>
<select class="usa-select ViewsJumpMenu js-viewsJumpMenu" title="-- Choose --" id="blog-categories-takingm-jump-menu">
<option>-- Choose --</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249466">Advanced communications</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248321">Bioscience</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248371">Buildings and Construction</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248416">Chemistry</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248486">Electronics</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248531">Energy</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248561">Environment</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248586">Fire</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248616">Forensic Science</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248651">Health</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249421">Information technology</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2748236">Infrastructure</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248866">Manufacturing</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248946">Materials</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249011">Mathematics and statistics</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249051">Metrology</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249126">Nanotechnology</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249451">Neutron research</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249426">Performance excellence</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249241">Physics</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249461">Public safety</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249456">Resilience</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249341">Standards</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/2813456">Technology transfer</option>
<option data-url="/blogs/taking-measure/categories/249396">Transportation</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div data-elastic-exclude>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-start -->
<footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4">
<div class="grid-container nist-footer__info">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__logo">
<a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home">
<img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__contact">
<h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3>
<address>
100 Bureau Drive<br>
Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br>
<a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a>
</address>
<p>
<a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-6">
<div class="nist-footer__social-links">
<a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST">
<span>X.com</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href=" https://www.facebook.com/NIST">
<span>Facebook</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href=" https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist">
<span>LinkedIn</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href=" https://www.instagram.com/nist/">
<span>Instagram</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href=" https://www.youtube.com/NIST">
<span>YouTube</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href=" https://giphy.com/nist">
<span>Giphy</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href=" https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds">
<span>RSS Feed</span>
</a>
<a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href=" https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new">
<span>Mailing List</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="nist-footer__feedback">
How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/blogs/taking-measure/nist-researchers-measure-greenhouse-gases-during-solar-eclipse" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation">
<ul>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
<li class="nist-footer__menu-item">
<a href="https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- nist-index-ignore-end -->
</div>
</div>
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1847936","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".ck-editor, .nist-video-thumbnail__lightbox-trigger, a.nist-icon--mail-blue","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"after","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"viewsJumpMenu":{"blog-categories-takingm-jump-menu":{"new_window":false}},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/blogs\/taking-measure\/search":true,"\/comment\/reply\/node\/1847936\/comment_node_blog":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"bd6a443844dbe99b4e6942f3b1397526e760137efd2b1ee6b2d588fc414dff20"},"antibot":{"forms":{"comment-form":{"id":"comment-form","key":"8s3HerPNUiBWAup-NU0eICdfN5XSJ1VRGAW7gyEytXD"}}}}</script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_jDaFaXhHm6gPUKstNYX9eIyoQXghVs3g7rbR0QoqpYY.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjw2OAyEIhS_klCMRHBlLqzJRpu7efp2fppsmJvg9eI_gaX6i6Xgr-M8fH81F1ZgYqVD6NZkbfAuuSDNcZGhBe0lKAa2OECkRIp3tJsaS16ovhm9h33JodufMY68mTxWzBgjSyI_gJOV5zEBM6ilNlwXuTIHrG7H3_m-Cf2w3QqjbSul24WnMFIssMruXcG_42PKKmcsGB087Tzs7KiZeDa56W7RmN641ru_gk_4AudN_yQ"></script>
<script src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_yFXzHK1gkl-H3tLPLdnBw5DymsKPJCwJskyq7yQVS6A.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJxdjw2OAyEIhS_klCMRHBlLqzJRpu7efp2fppsmJvg9eI_gaX6i6Xgr-M8fH81F1ZgYqVD6NZkbfAuuSDNcZGhBe0lKAa2OECkRIp3tJsaS16ovhm9h33JodufMY68mTxWzBgjSyI_gJOV5zEBM6ilNlwXuTIHrG7H3_m-Cf2w3QqjbSul24WnMFIssMruXcG_42PKKmcsGB087Tzs7KiZeDa56W7RmN641ru_gk_4AudN_yQ"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":6,"applicationTime":633,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>