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<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
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<a href="/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a>
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<a href="/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a>
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</div>
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<a href="/adlp" class="usa-nav__link">Assoc Director of Laboratory Programs</a>
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<a href="/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a>
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<a href="/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a>
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<a href="/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a>
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<a href="/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a>
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</ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list">
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<a href="/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a>
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</ul>
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<a href="/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a>
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<a href="/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a>
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<a href="/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a>
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<a href="/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a>
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<a href="/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a>
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<a href="/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button>
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<a href="/content/standards-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a>
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<a href="/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a>
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<a href="/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a>
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<a href="/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a>
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<a href="/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a>
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<a href="/sri" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Instruments (SRIs)</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a>
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<a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a>
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<a href="/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a>
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<a href="/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a>
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<li>
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<a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a>
|
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<li>
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<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a>
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<a href="/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a>
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<a href="/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a>
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<a href="/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a>
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<a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a>
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<a href="/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a>
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button>
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<a href="/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a>
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<a href="/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a>
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<a href="/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a>
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<a href="/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a>
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<a href="/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a>
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<a href="/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a>
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<p>Historically, standards-based testing of ballistic-resistant body armor in the U.S. has relied on an oil-based modelling clay as the ballistic witness material (BWM). The clay used currently is temperature sensitive, so to ensure that the clay is soft enough to serve as a BWM, it is conditioned at some temperature such that a drop mass of given shape and mass will indent the clay within specified depth limits when it is dropped onto the clay surface from a specified height. </p>
|
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<p>Over many years, testing laboratories recognized that the clay properties had begun to shift because the conditioning temperatures necessary to satisfy the drop test requirement continued to increase. This observation led to relatively recent efforts to develop alternative temperature-insensitive BWMs. In addition to possessing properties that cause the temperature-insensitive BWM to yield BFSs similar to the baseline clay, the new BWM must be compatible with non-contact dimensional measurement equipment, such as laser scanners. Our research interests include mechanical and thermal characterization of the BWMs.</p>
|
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|
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<p>Rheology is often relied upon to characterize materials and to develop an understanding of mechanisms that control their behavior. However, in this case, ballistic testing with BWMs is usually performed at room temperature, and under that condition the BWMs are stiffer than many materials traditionally characterized with rheology. The STG has unique equipment with higher torque capability to enhance the characterization of the current clay and potential replacement BWMs that are relatively temperature-insensitive. Results are expected to provide information that will facilitate the establishment of standards and specifications related to BWMs and body armor testing.</p>
|
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<div data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2017/10/19/bwm_rubber_process_analyzer.jpg?itok=3DXIuDmT" data-media-id="394246">
|
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<img alt="BWM Rubber Process Analyzer" height="480" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2017/10/19/bwm_rubber_process_analyzer.jpg?itok=JQpwX6xc" typeof="foaf:Image" width="398">
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<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Close up photo of the lower platen used in the Rubber Process Analyzer, and a clay test specimen sandwiched between acetate films after rheological characterization in the Rubber Process Analyzer.</figcaption>
|
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<img alt="Roma Plastilina No.1" height="343" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2017/10/19/roma_plastilina_no_1.jpg?itok=vPGnFA0M" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480">
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</div>
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<figcaption class="nist-image__caption">Results of a frequency sweep test showing complex modulus as a function of frequency at different temperatures for two BWMs.</figcaption>
|
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</figure>
|
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<h2 class="nist-block__title">Related NIST Projects</h2>
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<p class="nist-block__title"><a href="https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/materials-and-systems-protection-against-penetrating-and-blunt-force-phenomena">Materials and Systems for Protection Against Penetrating and Blunt Force Phenomena</a></p>
|
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|
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<p><a href="https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/rubber-process-analyzer">Rubber Process Analyzer</a></p>
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<li about="/people/ran-tao" class="nist-contact__item">
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<div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/ran-tao" title="View staff profile page">Ran Tao</a></div>
|
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<div>
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<a href="mailto:ran.tao@nist.gov">ran.tao@nist.gov</a>
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<div>
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(301) 975-2535
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<li about="/people/amanda-l-forster" class="nist-contact__item">
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<div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/amanda-l-forster" title="View staff profile page">Amanda L. Forster</a></div>
|
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<div>
|
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<a href="mailto:amanda.forster@nist.gov">amanda.forster@nist.gov</a>
|
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(301) 975-5632
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<div
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class="nist-block"
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>
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<div class="text-italic font-sans-2xs">
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Created October 19, 2017, Updated August 15, 2023
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