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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H pylori</em>) is the bacteria (germ) responsible for most stomach (gastric) and duodenal ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation (chronic <a test="test" href="./001150.htm">gastritis</a>).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>There are several methods to test for <em>H pylori</em> infection.</p><p><strong>Breath Test (Carbon Isotope-urea Breath Test, or UBT)</strong></p><ul><li>Up to 2 weeks before the test, you need to stop taking antibiotics, bismuth medicines such as Pepto-Bismol, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).</li><li>During the test, you swallow a special substance that has urea. Urea is a waste product the body produces as it breaks down protein. The urea used in the test has been made harmlessly radioactive.</li><li>If <em>H pylori</em> are present, the bacteria convert the urea into carbon dioxide, which is detected and recorded in your exhaled breath after 10 minutes.</li><li>This test can identify almost all people who have <em>H pylori</em>. It can also be used to check that the infection has been fully treated. </li></ul><p><strong>Blood Tests</strong></p><ul><li>Blood tests are used to measure <a test="test" href="./002223.htm">antibodies</a> to <em>H pylori</em>. Antibodies are proteins made by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances such as bacteria.</li><li>Blood tests for <em>H pylori</em> can only tell if your body has <em>H pylori</em> antibodies. It cannot tell if you have a current infection or how long you have had it. This is because the test can be positive for years, even if the infection is cured. As a result, blood tests cannot be used to see if the infection has been cured after treatment. </li></ul><p><strong>Stool Test</strong></p><ul><li>A stool test can detect traces of <em>H pylori</em> in the feces.</li><li>This test can be used to diagnose the infection and confirm that it has been cured after treatment. </li></ul><p><strong>Biopsy </strong></p><ul><li>A tissue sample, called a <a test="test" href="./003728.htm">biopsy</a>, is taken from the stomach lining. This is the most accurate way to tell if you have an <em>H pylori</em> infection.</li><li>To remove the tissue sample, you have a procedure called <a test="test" href="./003888.htm">esophagogastroduodenoscopy</a> (EGD). The procedure is done in the hospital or outpatient center.</li><li>Usually, a biopsy is done if EGD is needed for other reasons. Reasons include diagnosing the ulcer, treating bleeding, or making sure there is no cancer. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Testing is most often done to diagnose <em>H pylori</em> infection:</p><ul><li>If you currently have a stomach or duodenal ulcer</li><li>If you had a stomach or duodenal ulcer in the past, and were never tested for <em>H pylori</em></li><li>After treatment for <em>H pylori</em> infection, to make sure there are no more of these bacteria </li></ul><p>Testing may also be done if you need to take long-term ibuprofen or other NSAID medicines. Your health care provider can tell you more.</p><p>The test may also be recommended for a condition called <a test="test" href="./003260.htm">dyspepsia</a> (indigestion). This is upper abdominal discomfort. Symptoms include a feeling of fullness or of heat, burning, or pain in the area between the navel and the lower part of the breastbone during or after eating. Testing for <em>H pylori</em> without EGD is most often done only when the discomfort is new, the person is younger than 55, and there are no other symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Normal results mean there is no sign that you have an <em>H pylori</em> infection.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Abnormal results mean that you have an <em>H pylori</em> infection. Your provider will discuss treatment with you.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Peptic ulcer disease - <em>H pylori</em>; PUD - <em>H pylori</em></p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and other gastric Helicobacter species. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 217.</p><p>Siddiqi HA, Rabinowitz S, Axiotis CA. Laboratory diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. <em>Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods</em>. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 23.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/7/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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</div></div><div name="Related MedlinePlus Health Topics" class="section-body" id="section-mtp"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Helicobacter Pylori Infections</a></li>
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