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</div><div><span>Bladder stones</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Bladder stones</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Bladder stones are hard buildups of minerals. These form in the urinary bladder.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Bladder stones are most often caused by another urinary system problem, such as:</p><ul><li>
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Bladder diverticulum
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./002238.htm">Blockage at the base of the bladder</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000381.htm">Enlarged prostate</a> (BPH)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000754.htm">Neurogenic bladder</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000521.htm">Urinary tract infection</a> (UTI)</li><li>Incomplete emptying of the bladder</li><li>Foreign objects in the bladder</li></ul><p>Almost all bladder stones occur in men. Bladder stones are much less common than <a test="test" href="./000458.htm">kidney stones</a>.</p><p>Bladder stones may occur when urine in the bladder is concentrated. Materials in the urine form crystals. These may also result from foreign objects in the bladder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms occur when the stone irritates the lining of the bladder. The stones may also block the flow of urine from the bladder. </p><p>Symptoms can include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003120.htm">Abdominal pain</a>, pressure</li><li><a test="test" href="./003139.htm">Abnormally colored</a> or dark-colored urine</li><li><a test="test" href="./003138.htm">Blood in the urine</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003143.htm">Difficulty urinating</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003140.htm">Frequent urge to urinate</a></li><li>Inability to urinate except in certain positions</li><li>Interruption of the urine stream</li><li><a test="test" href="./003166.htm">Pain, discomfort in the penis</a></li><li>Signs of UTI (such as fever, pain when urinating, and need to urinate often)</li></ul><p>Loss of urine control may also occur with bladder stones.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This will also include a rectal exam. The exam may reveal an enlarged prostate in men or other problems.</p><p>The following tests may be done:</p><ul><li>
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Bladder or pelvis x-ray
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./003903.htm">Cystoscopy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003579.htm">Urinalysis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003751.htm">Urine culture</a> (clean catch) </li><li>Abdominal ultrasound or CT scan</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>You may be able to help small stones pass on their own. Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water or more per day will increase urination.</p><p>Your doctor (urologist) may remove stones that do not pass using a <a test="test" href="./003903.htm">cystoscope</a>. A small telescope will be passed through the urethra into the bladder. A laser or other device will be used to break up the stones and the pieces will be removed. Some stones may need to be removed using open surgery.</p><p>Medicines are rarely used to dissolve the stones.</p><p>Causes of bladder stones should be treated. Most commonly, bladder stones are seen with <a test="test" href="./000381.htm">BPH</a> or blockage at the base of the bladder. You may need <a test="test" href="./002996.htm">surgery to remove the inside part of the prostate</a> or to repair the bladder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Most bladder stones pass on their own or can be removed. They do not cause permanent damage to the bladder. They may come back if the cause is not corrected.</p><p>Left untreated, stones may cause repeated UTIs. This can also cause permanent damage to the bladder or kidneys.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of bladder stones.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Prompt treatment of a UTI or other urinary tract conditions may help prevent bladder stones.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Stones - bladder; Urinary tract stones; Bladder calculi</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000136.htm">Kidney stones and lithotripsy - discharge</a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000135.htm">Kidney stones - self-care</a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000137.htm">Percutaneous urinary procedures - discharge</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1122t.jpg" alt="Female urinary tract" title="Female urinary tract" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1122.htm">Female urinary tract</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1123t.jpg" alt="Male urinary tract" title="Male urinary tract" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1123.htm">Male urinary tract</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Ganpule AP, Desai MR. Lower urinary tract calculi. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. <em>Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 95.</p><p>Germann CA. Urologic disorders. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 85.</p></div></div></section>
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