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</div><div><span>Eclampsia</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Eclampsia</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Eclampsia is the new onset of <a test="test" href="./003200.htm">seizures</a> or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. These seizures are not related to an existing brain condition.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The exact cause of eclampsia is not known. Factors that may play a role include:</p><ul><li>Blood vessel problems</li><li>Brain and nervous system (neurological) factors</li><li>Diet</li><li>Genes </li></ul><p>Eclampsia follows a condition called <a test="test" href="./000898.htm">preeclampsia</a>. This is a complication of pregnancy in which a woman has high blood pressure and other findings. </p><p>Most women with preeclampsia do not go on to have eclampsia (seizures). It is hard to predict which women will. Women at high risk of seizures often have severe preeclampsia with findings such as:</p><ul><li>Abnormal blood tests</li><li>Headaches</li><li>Very high blood pressure</li><li>Vision changes</li><li>Abdominal pain </li></ul><p>Your chances of getting preeclampsia increase when:</p><ul><li>You are 35 or older.</li><li>You are African American.</li><li>This is your first pregnancy.</li><li>You have <a test="test" href="./001214.htm">diabetes</a>, high blood pressure, or kidney disease.</li><li>You are having more than 1 baby (such as twins or triplets).</li><li>You are a teen. </li><li>You are obese.</li><li>You have a family history of preeclampsia.</li><li>You have autoimmune disorders.</li><li>You have undergone in vitro fertilization.</li><li>You have history of a clotting disorder.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of eclampsia include:</p><ul><li>Seizures</li><li>Severe agitation</li><li>Unconsciousness </li><li>Altered mental status and confusion</li></ul><p>Most women will have these symptoms of preeclampsia before the seizure:</p><ul><li>Headaches</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Stomach pain</li><li>Swelling of the hands and face</li><li>Vision problems, such as loss of vision, blurred vision, double vision, or missing areas in the visual field </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will do a physical exam to look for causes of seizures. Your blood pressure and breathing rate will be checked regularly.</p><p>Blood and urine tests may be done to check:</p><ul><li>Blood clotting factors</li><li><a test="test" href="./003475.htm">Blood creatinine</a></li><li>Hematocrit</li><li><a test="test" href="./003476.htm">Uric acid</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003436.htm">Liver function</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003647.htm">Platelet count</a></li><li>Protein in the urine </li><li>Hemoglobin level</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The main treatment to prevent severe preeclampsia from progressing to eclampsia is giving birth to the baby. Letting the pregnancy go on can be dangerous for you and the baby.</p><p>You may be given medicine to prevent seizures. These medicines are called anticonvulsants. </p><p>Your provider may give you medicine to lower high blood pressure. If your blood pressure stays high, delivery may be needed, even if it is before the baby is due.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Women with eclampsia or preeclampsia have a higher risk for: </p><ul><li>Separation of the placenta (<a test="test" href="./000901.htm">placenta abruptio</a>)</li><li>Premature delivery that leads to complications in the baby</li><li>Blood clotting problems</li><li>Stroke</li><li>Infant death</li><li>Maternal death</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Contact your provider or go to the emergency room if you have any symptoms of eclampsia or preeclampsia. Emergency symptoms include seizures or decreased alertness.</p><p>Seek medical care right away if you have any of the following:</p><ul><li>Bright red vaginal bleeding</li><li>Little or no movement in the baby</li><li>Severe headache</li><li>Severe pain in the upper right abdominal area</li><li>Vision loss</li><li>Nausea or vomiting </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Getting medical care during your entire pregnancy is important in preventing complications. This allows problems such as preeclampsia to be detected and treated early. </p><p>Getting treatment for preeclampsia may prevent eclampsia.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Pregnancy - eclampsia; Preeclampsia - eclampsia; High blood pressure - eclampsia; Seizure - eclampsia; Hypertension - eclampsia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17270t.jpg" alt="Preeclampsia" title="Preeclampsia" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17270.htm">Preeclampsia</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. <em>Obstet Gynecol.</em> 2013;122(5):1122-1131. PMID: 24150027 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24150027/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24150027/</a>.</p><p>Harper LM, Tita A, Karumanchi SA. Pregnancy-related hypertension. In: Lockwood CJ, Copel JA, Dugoff L, eds. <em>Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 45.</p><p>Henn MC, Lall MD. Complications of pregnancy. In: Walls RM, eds. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice.</em> 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 173.</p><p>Sibai BM. Preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. <em>Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies.</em> 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 38.</p></div></div></section>
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