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</div><div><span>Chemical pneumonitis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Chemical pneumonitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs or <a test="test" href="./003075.htm">breathing difficulty</a> due to inhaling chemical fumes or breathing in and choking on certain chemicals.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Many chemicals used in the home and workplace can cause pneumonitis.</p><p>Some common dangerous inhaled substances include:</p><ul><li>Chlorine gas (breathed in from cleaning materials such as chlorine bleach, during industrial accidents, or near swimming pools)</li><li>Grain and fertilizer dust</li><li>Noxious fumes from pesticides</li><li>Smoke (from house fires and wildfires)</li></ul><p>There are two types of pneumonitis:</p><ul><li>Acute pneumonitis occurs suddenly after breathing in the substance.</li><li>Long-term (chronic) pneumonitis occurs after exposure to low levels of the substance over a long time. This causes inflammation and may lead to stiffness of the lungs. As a result, the lungs start to lose their ability to get oxygen to the body. Untreated, this condition can cause <a test="test" href="./002290.htm">respiratory</a> failure and death.</li></ul><p>Chronic aspiration of acid from the stomach and exposure to chemical warfare can also lead to chemical pneumonitis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Acute symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Air hunger (feeling that you cannot get enough air)</li><li>Breathing that sounds wet or gurgling (abnormal lung sounds)</li><li>Cough</li><li>Difficulty breathing</li><li>Unusual sensation (possibly burning feeling) in the chest </li></ul><p>Chronic symptoms may include: </p><ul><li>Cough (may or may not occur)</li><li>Progressive disability (related to shortness of breath)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003071.htm">Rapid breathing</a> (tachypnea)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Shortness of breath</a> with only mild exercise </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The following tests help determine how severely the lungs are affected:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003855.htm">Blood gases</a> (measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003788.htm">CT scan of chest</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003853.htm">Lung function studies</a> (tests to measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">X-ray of the chest</a></li><li>Swallowing studies to check if stomach acid is the cause of pneumonitis</li><li>Blood tests of kidney and liver function</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment is focused on reversing the cause of inflammation and reducing symptoms. Corticosteroids may be given to reduce inflammation, often before long-term scarring occurs.</p><p>Antibiotics are usually not helpful or needed, unless there is a secondary infection. Oxygen therapy may be helpful.</p><p>In cases of swallowing and stomach problems, eating small meals in the upright position can help. In severe cases, a feeding tube in the stomach is needed, although this does not always completely prevent aspiration into the lungs.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome depends on the chemical, the severity of exposure, and whether the problem is acute or chronic.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Respiratory failure and death can occur.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your health care provider if you have trouble breathing after inhaling (or possibly inhaling) any substance.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Only use household chemicals as directed, and always in well-ventilated areas with proper protective equipment. Never mix ammonia and bleach.</p><p>Follow workplace rules for breathing masks and wear the right mask. People who work near fire should take care to limit their exposure to smoke or gases.</p><p>Be careful about giving mineral oil to anyone who might choke on it (children or older people).</p><p>Sit up while eating and don't lie down right after eating if you have swallowing problems.</p><p>Do not siphon gas, kerosene, or other toxic liquid chemicals.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Aspiration pneumonia - chemical</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1103t.jpg" alt="Lungs" title="Lungs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1103.htm">Lungs</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9248t.jpg" alt="Respiratory system" title="Respiratory system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9248.htm">Respiratory system</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Christiani DC. Physical and chemical injuries of the lungs. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 88.</p><p>Gibbs AR, Attanoos RL. Environmental- and toxin-induced lung diseases. In: Zander DS, Farver CF, eds. <em>Pulmonary Pathology</em>. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 18.</p><p>Kushchner WG, Blanc PD. Acute responses to toxic exposures. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 103.</p><p>Tarlo SM. Occupational lung disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 87.</p></div></div></section>
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