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<font class="bodyquote">"The lightning speaks and holds converse with man! What can be more sublime!"—Taliaferro Preston Shaffner, </font><font class="bodycopy">The Telegraph Manual,</font><font class="bodyital"> 1859</font><p>
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<font class="bodyhead">National Interests at Stake</font><br>
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<font class="bodycopy">The telegraph arose at a time of urgent need for rapid, reliable long-distance communication. Bankers and businessmen transacted commerce over great distances. Nations and empires waged wide-ranging wars of imperial rivalry and colonial conquest. In the early decades of the 19th century, breakthroughs in understanding how electricity works inspired inventors in Europe and America to produce electrical message signaling devices, but the first device called a <font class="bodyital">telegraph</font> relied on optical signaling.</font></td>
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<strong>First published: </strong>23 October 2001<br/><strong>Last updated: </strong>11 August 2009<br/><strong>Date Archived: </strong>04 January 2012<br/><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/viewMeta.pl?url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20120104/onceandfutureweb/database/seca/index.html&description=full" onclick="javascript:openPopup('http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/viewMeta.pl?url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20120104/onceandfutureweb/database/seca/index.html&description=full'); return false;"><strong>Metadata</strong></a> | <strong> <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/permlevels.html"onclick="javascript:openPopup('http://www.nlm.nih.gov/permlevels.html'); return false;">Permanence level</a>: </strong>Permanent: Stable Content<br/>
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