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<p><a id="s0_0" name="s0_0"></a><strong>Section 0<br />Preface</strong></p></center>
<p><a id="s0_1" name="s0_1"></a><strong>0.1 Purpose of this
Documentation</strong><br /><br />The Unified Medical Language System<sup>®</sup>
(UMLS) documentation describes the UMLS Knowledge Sources and related tools that
are produced and distributed by the National Library of Medicine, a part of the
National Institutes of Health in the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. This documentation explains the following procedures and concepts:</p>
<ul>
<li>The purpose, content, and file structure of the three UMLS Knowledge
Sources: the Metathesaurus<sup>®</sup>, the Semantic Network, and the
SPECIALIST Lexicon
<li>The way to use associated UMLS programs:
<ul>
<li>MetamorphoSys, the installation program for the three UMLS Knowledge
Sources. MetamorphoSys is also the customization program for the
Metathesaurus, providing several output options, including Rich Release and
Original Release Formats, and a choice of preferred character sets to
produce custom subsets of the Metathesaurus.
<li>Lexical Programs, which help to deal with inflectional variation (e.g.,
treat, treats, treating, treatment) in the English language, convert
American English to British English and vice versa, and map text to concepts
in the Metathesaurus </li></ul>
<li>The way to access the UMLS resources using the UMLS Knowledge Source
Server, i.e., download, application programming interface (API), or Web
browser
<li>The DVD-ROM distribution format for the UMLS Knowledge Sources and
associated UMLS programs. The DVD is available upon request. </li></ul>
<p><a id="s0_2" name="s0_2"></a><strong>0.2 Release Schedule</strong></p>
<p>This documentation is updated for each release of the UMLS. It may be updated
between releases if errors or omissions are found. The current document refers
to the 2008AB version, released in November 2008. The next UMLS version will be
2009AA, scheduled for release in April 2009.</p>
<p><a id="s0_3" name="s0_3"></a><strong>0.3 Audience</strong><br /><br />This
documentation and the UMLS resources it describes are intended for system
developers, informatics researchers, librarians, and other information
professionals. The documentation assumes that you are familiar with database
concepts and the Internet. If you intend to use the UMLS Knowledge Sources in
software applications, it assumes that you have experience with building and
using complex databases. If you intend to use any of the UMLS programs, it
assumes basic familiarity with Java.</p>
<p>Neither the UMLS resources nor this documentation are intended for end users
such as individual health professionals or members of the general public, unless
they are also software developers.</p>
<p><a id="s0_4" name="s0_4"></a><strong>0.4 Using this
Documentation</strong><br /></p>
<p><strong>0.4.0 Experienced UMLS Users</strong></p>
<p>If you have done substantive work with preceding versions of the UMLS
resources, go directly to Section 0.5, which describes any changes in the
documentation and in the UMLS resources. Section 0.5 will direct you to the
parts of the documentation that describe any changes to data files, content, or
format introduced in this release.</p>
<p><strong>0.4.1 Novice UMLS Users</strong></p>
<p>If you are new to the UMLS, Section 0.5 may not be relevant, but you should
read the rest of Section 0 and all of Section 1 before moving on to other parts
of the documentation. The following brief overview describes what you will find
in each section of the documentation.</p>
<p><i><strong>Section 1. Introduction to the UMLS</strong></i></p>
<p>This section explains the purpose of the UMLS, the conditions under which you
may use the different UMLS components, and how these conditions relate to Open
Access/<a href="http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php"
target="_blank">Open Source</a> principles. It also briefly describes each of the
UMLS components and the relationships between them, suggests ways to build your
understanding of UMLS features and capabilities, and provides a list of
additional UMLS reference materials.</p>
<p><i><strong>Section 2. Metathesaurus</strong></i></p>
<p>This section describes the content and structure of the Metathesaurus, a
large concept-oriented database that incorporates numerous biomedical and
health-related vocabularies, classifications, and coding systems. The
Metathesaurus categorizes these concepts by assigned basic Semantic Types and
makes all information from these terminologies accessible in common,
fully-specified file formats. The Metathesaurus includes coding systems and
vocabularies designated as U.S. standards under the Administrative
Simplification provisions of the <a href="http://www.hipaa.org/"
target="_blank">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a> of 1996
(HIPPA) and as target U.S. government-wide standards by the Consolidated Health
Informatics eGov initiative.</p>
<p><i><strong>Section 3. Semantic Network</strong></i></p>
<p>This section describes the content and structure of the Semantic Network, a
small database that includes information about the set of basic Semantic Types,
or categories, to which Metathesaurus concepts may be assigned. The Semantic
Network defines the relationships that may hold between these Semantic Types and
between broad groupings of Semantic Types, such as all types that denote
disorders (Disease or Syndrome, Acquired Abnormality, Neoplastic Process,
etc.).</p>
<p><i><strong>Section 4. SPECIALIST Lexicon and Lexical
Programs</strong></i></p>
<p>This section describes the content and structure of the following
programs:</p>
<ul>
<li>The SPECIALIST Lexicon, a database of syntactic, morphological and
orthographic information for commonly occurring English language words and
biomedical vocabulary. The SPECIALIST Lexicon is useful for natural language
processing applications.
<li>The Lexical Programs, which detect and abstract away from the
inflectional, case, and word order variations encountered in natural language.
One of these programs, MetaMap Transfer (MMTx), is specifically designed to
map arbitrary terms to concepts in the Metathesaurus, or, equivalently, to
discover Metathesaurus concepts within free text. </li></ul>
<p><i><strong>Section 5. UMLS Knowledge Source Server</strong></i></p>
<p>This section describes how to access the UMLS resources from the UMLS
Knowledge Source Server via download, application programming interface, and
interactive Web browser.</p>
<p><i><strong>Section 6. MetamorphoSys</strong></i></p>
<p>This section describes MetamorphoSys, the installation program for all the
UMLS Knowledge Sources and the customization program for the Metathesaurus. You
<i>must</i> use MetamorphoSys to install the Knowledge Sources. MetamorphoSys
allows you to output data in either the 7-bit ASCII (the default) or Unicode
UTF-8 character set. MetamorphoSys also provides two file format options (Rich
Release Format or Original Release Format) for the Metathesaurus, and provides a
number of other customization options.</p>
<p><i><strong>Section 7. UMLS DVD</strong></i></p>
<p>This section gives technical specifications for the UMLS DVD-ROM, an
alternative method for distributing UMLS content. The DVD-ROM is available to
UMLS licensees upon request.</p>
<p><i><strong>Appendices</strong></i></p>
<p>Appendix A includes the text of the License Agreement for Use of the UMLS
Metathesaurus and its appendices.</p>
<p>Appendix B includes additional information about the Metathesaurus data
elements and the current source vocabularies.</p>
<p><a id="s0_5" name="s0_5"></a><strong>0.5 What's New for This Version of the
UMLS</strong><br /></p>
<p>Release changes are also documented in the What's New section of the README
text file included on the DVD.</p>
<p><strong>0.5.0 Metathesaurus</strong></p>
<p>2 new sources and 1 new translation were added:</p>
<ul>
<li>Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) Ontology,
<li>MEDCIN, and
<li>Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Terminology (MedDRA), Czech
Edition. </li></ul>
<p>27 English sources and 10 translation sources were updated in this release.
This includes MeSH, ICD-9-CM, HUGO, MedDRA, SNOMED CT (English and Spanish), and
the NCI Thesaurus. For a complete list of updated sources see: <a
href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/updated_sources.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/updated_sources.html</a>.
For more detailed information, see <a
href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/updated_sources_expanded.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/updated_sources_expanded.html</a>.
</p>
<p>MedlinePlus Health Topics and Japanese Translations of the Medical Subject
Headings are now represented in MRHIER.RRF. Their hierarchies can be browsed via
either the MetamorphoSys RRF Browser or the UMLSKS Tree Browser.
</p><strong>Data Changes</strong>:<br />
<p>String unique identifiers (SUIs) now have a maximum length of 9 characters.
Previously assigned SUIs retain their 8 character length. </p>
<p>Relationship unique identifiers (RUIs) now have a maximum length of 10
characters. Previously assigned RUIs retain their 9 character length. </p>
<p>Attribute unique identifiers (ATUIs) now have a maximum length of 11
characters. Previously assigned ATUIs retain their 10 character length. </p>
<p>Information on columns and data elements in the Metathesaurus, including
SUIs, RUIs and ATUIs are listed in Appendix B.1, Columns and Data Elements,
available at: <a
href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/metab.html#sb_1.1">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/metab.html#sb_1.1</a>.
</p>
<p>In SNOMED CT Spanish, strings with term type 'MTH*' (i.e. MTH_PT) no longer
carry a source asserted atom identifier (SAUI). This field is now blank. </p>
<p>In MRSAB.RRF, the term type list (TTYL) column now has a maximum of 300
characters. </p>
<p>In the Word Index files (e.g., MRXW_SPA.RRF) the WD column length now has a
maximum of 500 characters. </p><strong>LOINC</strong>:<br />
<p>The codes for LOINC parts names (LPNs) are now followed by a hyphen plus a
single digit. See the following example for Vitamin B2 (from MRCONSO.RRF): </p>
<p>2008AB:<br />C0035527|ENG|S|L0284721|PF|S0099284|N|A15634064||||LNC|LPN|LP31690-8|Vitamin
B2|0|N|| </p>
<p>2008AA:
<br />C0035527|ENG|S|L0284721|PF|S0099284|N|A13321409||||LNC|LPN|LP31690|Vitamin
B2|0|N|| </p>
<p><strong>0.5.1 MetamorphoSys</strong></p>
<p>MetamorphoSys has improved run times across all platforms. </p>
<p>A full Metathesaurus subset now requires 17.7 GB of disk space. </p>
<p>Reported bugs may be viewed on the <a
href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/release_notes.html#notes">Release
Notes</a> Web page.</p>
<p><strong>0.5.2 UMLS Learning Resources</strong></p>
<p>The new Web-based UMLS Basics Tutorial is available at: <a
href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/online%20learning/index.htm">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/online%20learning/index.htm</a>.</p>
<p>Users who are new to the UMLS are encouraged to review the New Users' Guide
to the UMLS available at: <a
href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/new_users.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20090403/research/umls/new_users.html</a>.
This guide includes online demonstrations, step-by-step instructions and a link
to UMLS training materials.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<br/>
<b>First published: </b>17 November 2008<br/><b>Last updated: </b>21 November 2008<br/><b>Date Archived: </b>03 April 2009<br/><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/viewMeta.pl?url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20090403/research/umls/umlsdoc_preface.html&amp;description=full" onclick="javascript:openPopup('http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/viewMeta.pl?url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20090403/research/umls/umlsdoc_preface.html&amp;description=full'); return false;"><strong>Metadata</strong></a> | <b> <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/permlevels.html"onclick="javascript:openPopup('http://www.nlm.nih.gov/permlevels.html'); return false;">Permanence level</a>: </b>Permanent: Stable Content<br/><A HREF="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20081104/research/umls/umlsdoc_preface.html">Replaces</a> | <A HREF="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/umlsdoc_preface.html">Replaced by</a>
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