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<meta name="keywords" content="C1970456, abca3, abca3-related pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction, disease or syndrome, interstitial lung disease due to abca3 (atp-binding cassette subfamily a member 3) deficiency, interstitial lung disease due to abca3 deficiency, interstitial lung disease due to atp-binding cassette subfamily a member 3 deficiency, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, congenital, 3, pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction-3, smdp3, surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 3, surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, type 3, surfactant metabolism dysfunction-3, surfactant protein abca3 deficiency, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction, see SMDP1 (265120)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency (Concept Id: C1970456)
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<!--
UID=410074
ConceptID=C1970456
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency<span class="h1sub">(SMDP3)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>410074</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1970456</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>ABCA3-Related Pulmonary Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction; PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS, CONGENITAL, 3; Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 3</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3) deficiency (1222678003); Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency (1222678003); Interstitial lung disease due to ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3 deficiency (1222678003)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="ABCA3 - ID: 21 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/21" class="medgenPMinfo">ABCA3</a> (16p13.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012582" target="_blank">MONDO:0012582</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/610921" target="_blank">610921</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=440402">ORPHA440402</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction, see SMDP1 (265120). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57692"><div><strong>Clubbing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57692</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149651</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Broadening of the soft tissues (non-edematous swelling of soft tissues) of the digital tips in all dimensions associated with an increased longitudinal and lateral curvature of the nails.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57692">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clubbing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057692%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_746019"><div><strong>Failure to thrive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>746019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2315100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/746019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Failure%20to%20thrive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20746019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2009"><div><strong>Apnea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2009</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003578</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2009">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Apnea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202009%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41325"><div><strong>Cough</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41325</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010200</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41325">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cough%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041325%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3938"><div><strong>Dyspnea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3938</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Difficult or labored breathing. Dyspnea is a subjective feeling only the patient can rate, e.g., on a Borg scale.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3938">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dyspnea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203938%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11028"><div><strong>Pulmonary fibrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11028</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0034069</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Replacement of normal lung tissues by fibroblasts and collagen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11028">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20fibrosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011028%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68549"><div><strong>Exertional dyspnea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68549</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Perceived difficulty to breathe that occurs with exercise or exertion and improves with rest.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68549">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exertional%20dyspnea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068549%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66669"><div><strong>Tachypnea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66669</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Very rapid breathing.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66669">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tachypnea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066669%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65962"><div><strong>Desquamative interstitial pneumonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0238378</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or pneumonitis, is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized pathologically by expansion of the interstitial compartment of the lung by inflammatory cells. Fibrosis occurs in many cases (Visscher and Myers, 2006). See also interstitial lung disease-1 (ILD1; 619611).&#13; Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP) was originally described as a pathologic entity by Liebow et al. (1965). Lung biopsy shows diffuse and uniform filling of alveoli by clusters of cells which Liebow et al. (1965) speculated to be 'desquamated pneumocytes.' Since then, these cells have been shown primarily to be pigmented alveolar macrophages. Other features include thickened alveolar septa with an infiltrate of inflammatory cells and plump, cuboidal type II pneumocytes. Mild collagen deposition without architectural distortion or honeycombing may be present. Different forms of ILD represent pathologic classifications based on histologic patterns rather than clinical diagnoses and may occur in a variety of clinical contexts (Visscher and Myers, 2006).&#13; Although DIP occurs most often as a sporadic disorder in adults during the third to fifth decade of life and is highly associated with smoking (Carrington et al., 1978), reports of a familial form with onset in infancy and early death suggest a genetic basis (Sharief et al., 1994).&#13; Cases of DIP reported in infants are often more severe and refractory to treatment than those reported in adults (Nogee et al., 2001).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65962">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Desquamative%20interstitial%20pneumonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065962%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_910019"><div><strong>Honeycomb lung</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>910019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241984</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Honeycombing represents destroyed and fibrotic lung tissue containing numerous cystic airspaces with thick fibrous walls, representing the late stage of various lung diseases, with complete loss of acinar architecture. The cysts range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter, have variable wall thickness, and are lined by metaplastic bronchiolar epithelium. On chest radiographs, honeycombing appears as closely approximated ring shadows, typically 3-10 mm in diameter with walls 1-3 mm in thickness, that resemble a honeycomb; the finding implies end-stage lung disease. On CT scans, the appearance is of clustered cystic air spaces, typically of comparable diameters on the order of 3-10 mm but occasionally as large as 2.5 cm. Honeycombing is usually subpleural and is characterized by well-defined walls. It is a CT feature of established pulmonary fibrosis. Because honeycombing is often considered specific for pulmonary fibrosis and is an important criterion in the diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia, the term should be used with care, as it may directly impact patient care.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/910019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Honeycomb%20lung%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20910019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_538541"><div><strong>Paraseptal emphysema</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>538541</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0264394</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Paraseptal emphysema is characterized by predominant involvement of the distal alveoli and their ducts and sacs. It is characteristically bounded by any pleural surface and the interlobular septa. This emphysema is characterized by subpleural and peribronchovascular regions of low attenuation separated by intact interlobular septa, sometimes associated with bullae.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/538541">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Paraseptal%20emphysema%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20538541%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96907"><div><strong>Respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96907</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0476273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96907">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096907%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_152145"><div><strong>Hypoxemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>152145</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0700292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally low level of blood oxygen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/152145">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoxemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20152145%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_257837"><div><strong>Respiratory failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>257837</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1145670</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/257837">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20257837%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_220936"><div><strong>Non-specific interstitial pneumonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1290344</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Temporally uniform (all lesions are in the same stage of evolution) pattern of diffuse inflammatory interstitial process, mostly symmetric over the entire lung, involving mainly the alveolar septa.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220936">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Non-specific%20interstitial%20pneumonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20220936%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1826978"><div><strong>Bronchial wall thickening</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1826978</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868833</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Radiological appearance of increased density around the walls of a bronchus or large bronchiole. This feature is thought to be related to edema involving the bronchial wall as well as the peribronchial interstitial space. If the cross section of a bronchus is captured in a radiograph or computed tomography image, it is said to have the appearance of a donut because of the central lucency representing the airway of the bronchus surrounded by a circular region of increased density.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1826978">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bronchial%20wall%20thickening%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201826978%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_924182"><div><strong>Neonatal respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>924182</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4281993</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory difficulty as newborn.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/924182">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neonatal%20respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20924182%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1386432"><div><strong>Reticular pattern on pulmonary HRCT</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1386432</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">On pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography, reticular pattern is characterized by innumerable interlacing shadows suggesting a mesh.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1386432">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Reticular%20pattern%20on%20pulmonary%20HRCT%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201386432%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1376678"><div><strong>Crazy paving pattern</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1376678</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476749</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The so-called crazy paving pattern appears as thickened interlobular septa and intralobular lines superimposed on a background of ground-glass opacity, resembling irregularly shaped paving stones. The crazy-paving pattern is often sharply demarcated from more normal lung and may have a geographic outline. It was originally reported in patients with alveolar proteinosis and is also encountered in other diffuse lung diseases that affect both the interstitial and airspace compartments, such as lipoid pneumonia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1376678">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Crazy%20paving%20pattern%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201376678%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1380219"><div><strong>Nodular pattern on pulmonary HRCT</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1380219</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476750</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A nodular pattern is characterized on pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography by the presence of numerous rounded opacities that range from 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter, with micronodules defined as smaller than 3 mm in diameter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1380219">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nodular%20pattern%20on%20pulmonary%20HRCT%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201380219%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1374982"><div><strong>Cystic pattern on pulmonary HRCT</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1374982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476752</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">On pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography, the cystic pattern is composed by well-defined, round and circumscribed air-containing parenchymal spaces with a well-defined wall and interface with normal lung. The wall of the cysts may be uniform or varied in thickness, but usually is thin (less than 2 mm) and occurs without associated emphysema.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1374982">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cystic%20pattern%20on%20pulmonary%20HRCT%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201374982%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1662563"><div><strong>Usual interstitial pneumonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1662563</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4721509</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in lungs based on presence of fibrosis and honeycombing.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1662563">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Usual%20interstitial%20pneumonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201662563%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1714480"><div><strong>Absent bronchoalveolar surfactant-protein C</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1714480</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5397972</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Significantly decreased level or failed detection of surfactant protein C in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Comment</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1714480">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Absent%20bronchoalveolar%20surfactant-protein%20C%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201714480%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1763046"><div><strong>Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1763046</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5400698</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accumulation of amorphous PAS-positive material in the space between alveolar macrophages, sometimes as condensed form (oval bodies) are typically found in alveolar proteinosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1763046">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20alveolar%20proteinosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201763046%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1779663"><div><strong>Ground-glass opacification</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779663</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5539411</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">On chest radiographs, ground-glass opacity appears as an area of hazy increased lung opacity, usually extensive, within which margins of pulmonary vessels may be indistinct. On CT scans, it appears as hazy increased opacity of lung, with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. It is caused by partial filling of airspaces, interstitial thickening (due to fluid, cells, and/or fibrosis), partial collapse of alveoli, increased capillary blood volume, or a combination of these, the common factor being the partial displacement of air. Ground-glass opacity is less opaque than consolidation, in which bronchovascular margins are obscured.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779663">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ground-glass%20opacification%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201779663%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1189"><div><strong>Cyanosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1189</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010520</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosa due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of arterial or capillary blood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1189">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cyanosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201189%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57692" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clubbing</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1189" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cyanosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1714480" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absent bronchoalveolar surfactant-protein C</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2009" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Apnea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1826978" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bronchial wall thickening</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41325" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cough</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1376678" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Crazy paving pattern</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1374982" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cystic pattern on pulmonary HRCT</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Desquamative interstitial pneumonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3938" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dyspnea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68549" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exertional dyspnea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1779663" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ground-glass opacification</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_910019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Honeycomb lung</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_152145" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoxemia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_924182" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1380219" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nodular pattern on pulmonary HRCT</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_220936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Non-specific interstitial pneumonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_538541" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paraseptal emphysema</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1763046" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11028" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary fibrosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96907" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_257837" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory failure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1386432" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reticular pattern on pulmonary HRCT</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66669" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tachypnea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1662563" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Usual interstitial pneumonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_746019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Failure to thrive</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3711368[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=777976">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=777976" ref="ncbi_uid=777976">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/777976" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=777976&amp;link_uid=777976" title="View MedGen record for 'Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis'">Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis</a></span><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1970456[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=410074">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=410074" target="_blank" href="/omim/601615">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=410074" ref="ncbi_uid=410074">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1968602[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=368844">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=368844" target="_blank" href="/omim/178640">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=368844" ref="ncbi_uid=368844">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/368844" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=368844&amp;link_uid=368844" title="View MedGen record for 'Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 1'">Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1970470[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=410078">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=410078" target="_blank" href="/omim/178620">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=410078" ref="ncbi_uid=410078">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/410078" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=410078&amp;link_uid=410078" title="View MedGen record for 'Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 2'">Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2677877[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=393858">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=393858" target="_blank" href="/omim/300770">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=393858" ref="ncbi_uid=393858">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/393858" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=393858&amp;link_uid=393858" title="View MedGen record for 'Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 4'">Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 4</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842605" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Primary interstitial lung disease specific to childhood due to pulmonary surfactant protein anomalies">Primary interstitial lung disease specific to childhood due to pulmonary surfactant protein anomalies</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/777976" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis">Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24871971">Genotype-phenotype correlations for infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wambach JA,
Casey AM,
Fishman MP,
Wegner DJ,
Wert SE,
Cole FS,
Hamvas A,
Nogee LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2014 Jun 15;189(12):1538-43.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0342OC.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24871971" target="_blank">24871971</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4226019" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20abca3%20deficiency)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37175887">ABCA3 Deficiency-Variant-Specific Response to Hydroxychloroquine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang X,
Forstner M,
Rapp CK,
Rothenaigner I,
Li Y,
Hadian K,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 May 3;24(9)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24098179.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37175887" target="_blank">37175887</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10179277" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36808083">ABCA3-related interstitial lung disease beyond infancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Seidl E,
Knoflach K,
Gothe F,
Forstner ME,
Michel K,
Pawlita I,
Gesenhues F,
Sattler F,
Yang X,
Kroener C,
Reu-Hofer S,
Ley-Zaporozhan J,
Kammer B,
Krüger-Stollfuß I,
Dinkel J,
Carlens J,
Wetzke M,
Moreno-Galdó A,
Torrent-Vernetta A,
Lange J,
Krenke K,
Rumman N,
Mayell S,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan A,
Regamey N,
Proesmans M,
Stehling F,
Naehrlich L,
Ayse K,
Becker S,
Koerner-Rettberg C,
Plattner E,
Manali ED,
Papiris SA,
Campo I,
Kappler M,
Schwerk N,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2023 Jun;78(6):587-595.
Epub 2023 Feb 20
doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36808083" target="_blank">36808083</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10314027" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33839914">Surfactant protein disorders in childhood interstitial lung disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh J,
Jaffe A,
Schultz A,
Selvadurai H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2021 Sep;180(9):2711-2721.
Epub 2021 Apr 11
doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04066-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33839914" target="_blank">33839914</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27516224">Lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kröner C,
Wittmann T,
Reu S,
Teusch V,
Klemme M,
Rauch D,
Hengst M,
Kappler M,
Cobanoglu N,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan AT,
Campo I,
Proesmans M,
Schaible T,
Terheggen-Lagro S,
Regamey N,
Eber E,
Seidenberg J,
Schwerk N,
Aslanidis C,
Lohse P,
Brasch F,
Zarbock R,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2017 Mar;72(3):213-220.
Epub 2016 Aug 11
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208649.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27516224" target="_blank">27516224</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15819986">Interstitial lung disease in children -- genetic background and associated phenotypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hartl D,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Respir Res</span>
2005 Apr 8;6(1):32.
doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-32.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15819986" target="_blank">15819986</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1090616" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (15)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36808083">ABCA3-related interstitial lung disease beyond infancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Seidl E,
Knoflach K,
Gothe F,
Forstner ME,
Michel K,
Pawlita I,
Gesenhues F,
Sattler F,
Yang X,
Kroener C,
Reu-Hofer S,
Ley-Zaporozhan J,
Kammer B,
Krüger-Stollfuß I,
Dinkel J,
Carlens J,
Wetzke M,
Moreno-Galdó A,
Torrent-Vernetta A,
Lange J,
Krenke K,
Rumman N,
Mayell S,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan A,
Regamey N,
Proesmans M,
Stehling F,
Naehrlich L,
Ayse K,
Becker S,
Koerner-Rettberg C,
Plattner E,
Manali ED,
Papiris SA,
Campo I,
Kappler M,
Schwerk N,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2023 Jun;78(6):587-595.
Epub 2023 Feb 20
doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36808083" target="_blank">36808083</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10314027" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33839914">Surfactant protein disorders in childhood interstitial lung disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh J,
Jaffe A,
Schultz A,
Selvadurai H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2021 Sep;180(9):2711-2721.
Epub 2021 Apr 11
doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04066-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33839914" target="_blank">33839914</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27516224">Lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kröner C,
Wittmann T,
Reu S,
Teusch V,
Klemme M,
Rauch D,
Hengst M,
Kappler M,
Cobanoglu N,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan AT,
Campo I,
Proesmans M,
Schaible T,
Terheggen-Lagro S,
Regamey N,
Eber E,
Seidenberg J,
Schwerk N,
Aslanidis C,
Lohse P,
Brasch F,
Zarbock R,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2017 Mar;72(3):213-220.
Epub 2016 Aug 11
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208649.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27516224" target="_blank">27516224</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26517903">ABCA3, a key player in neonatal respiratory transition and genetic disorders of the surfactant system.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peca D,
Cutrera R,
Masotti A,
Boldrini R,
Danhaive O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochem Soc Trans</span>
2015 Oct;43(5):913-9.
doi: 10.1042/BST20150100.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26517903" target="_blank">26517903</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23818309">Variable clinical outcome of ABCA3 deficiency in two siblings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thavagnanam S,
Cutz E,
Manson D,
Nogee LM,
Dell SD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2013 Oct;48(10):1035-8.
Epub 2013 Jul 2
doi: 10.1002/ppul.22698.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23818309" target="_blank">23818309</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (25)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39041931">Cyclosporine A in children with ABCA3 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang X,
Forstner ME,
Rothenaigner I,
Bullo M,
Şismanlar TE,
Aslan AT,
Latzin P,
Hadian K,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2024 Dec;59(12):3221-3227.
Epub 2024 Jul 23
doi: 10.1002/ppul.27178.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39041931" target="_blank">39041931</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11600998" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37175887">ABCA3 Deficiency-Variant-Specific Response to Hydroxychloroquine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang X,
Forstner M,
Rapp CK,
Rothenaigner I,
Li Y,
Hadian K,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 May 3;24(9)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24098179.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37175887" target="_blank">37175887</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10179277" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36121785">Variable Expression of Lung Disease Due to a Novel Homozygous ABCA3 Variant.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hamouda S,
de Becdelièvre A,
Ben Ameur S,
Trabelsi I,
Fabre M,
Epaud R,
Fanen P,
Boussetta K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol</span>
2022 Sep;35(3):124-128.
doi: 10.1089/ped.2022.0023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36121785" target="_blank">36121785</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33818848">ABCA3 deficiency dramatically improved by azithromycin administration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nishida D,
Kawabe S,
Iwata N,
Cho K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Int</span>
2021 May;63(5):602-604.
Epub 2021 Apr 5
doi: 10.1111/ped.14487.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33818848" target="_blank">33818848</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27516224">Lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kröner C,
Wittmann T,
Reu S,
Teusch V,
Klemme M,
Rauch D,
Hengst M,
Kappler M,
Cobanoglu N,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan AT,
Campo I,
Proesmans M,
Schaible T,
Terheggen-Lagro S,
Regamey N,
Eber E,
Seidenberg J,
Schwerk N,
Aslanidis C,
Lohse P,
Brasch F,
Zarbock R,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2017 Mar;72(3):213-220.
Epub 2016 Aug 11
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208649.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27516224" target="_blank">27516224</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38036307">Towards personalized therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peers de Nieuwburgh M,
Wambach JA,
Griese M,
Danhaive O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
2023 Dec;28(6):101500.
Epub 2023 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101500.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38036307" target="_blank">38036307</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10753445" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36808083">ABCA3-related interstitial lung disease beyond infancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Seidl E,
Knoflach K,
Gothe F,
Forstner ME,
Michel K,
Pawlita I,
Gesenhues F,
Sattler F,
Yang X,
Kroener C,
Reu-Hofer S,
Ley-Zaporozhan J,
Kammer B,
Krüger-Stollfuß I,
Dinkel J,
Carlens J,
Wetzke M,
Moreno-Galdó A,
Torrent-Vernetta A,
Lange J,
Krenke K,
Rumman N,
Mayell S,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan A,
Regamey N,
Proesmans M,
Stehling F,
Naehrlich L,
Ayse K,
Becker S,
Koerner-Rettberg C,
Plattner E,
Manali ED,
Papiris SA,
Campo I,
Kappler M,
Schwerk N,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2023 Jun;78(6):587-595.
Epub 2023 Feb 20
doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36808083" target="_blank">36808083</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10314027" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27516224">Lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kröner C,
Wittmann T,
Reu S,
Teusch V,
Klemme M,
Rauch D,
Hengst M,
Kappler M,
Cobanoglu N,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan AT,
Campo I,
Proesmans M,
Schaible T,
Terheggen-Lagro S,
Regamey N,
Eber E,
Seidenberg J,
Schwerk N,
Aslanidis C,
Lohse P,
Brasch F,
Zarbock R,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2017 Mar;72(3):213-220.
Epub 2016 Aug 11
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208649.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27516224" target="_blank">27516224</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24871971">Genotype-phenotype correlations for infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wambach JA,
Casey AM,
Fishman MP,
Wegner DJ,
Wert SE,
Cole FS,
Hamvas A,
Nogee LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2014 Jun 15;189(12):1538-43.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0342OC.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24871971" target="_blank">24871971</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4226019" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23818309">Variable clinical outcome of ABCA3 deficiency in two siblings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thavagnanam S,
Cutz E,
Manson D,
Nogee LM,
Dell SD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2013 Oct;48(10):1035-8.
Epub 2013 Jul 2
doi: 10.1002/ppul.22698.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23818309" target="_blank">23818309</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (20)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36808083">ABCA3-related interstitial lung disease beyond infancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Seidl E,
Knoflach K,
Gothe F,
Forstner ME,
Michel K,
Pawlita I,
Gesenhues F,
Sattler F,
Yang X,
Kroener C,
Reu-Hofer S,
Ley-Zaporozhan J,
Kammer B,
Krüger-Stollfuß I,
Dinkel J,
Carlens J,
Wetzke M,
Moreno-Galdó A,
Torrent-Vernetta A,
Lange J,
Krenke K,
Rumman N,
Mayell S,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan A,
Regamey N,
Proesmans M,
Stehling F,
Naehrlich L,
Ayse K,
Becker S,
Koerner-Rettberg C,
Plattner E,
Manali ED,
Papiris SA,
Campo I,
Kappler M,
Schwerk N,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2023 Jun;78(6):587-595.
Epub 2023 Feb 20
doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36808083" target="_blank">36808083</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10314027" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35170262">Biologic characterization of ABCA3 variants in lung tissue from infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xu KK,
Wegner DJ,
Geurts LC,
Heins HB,
Yang P,
Hamvas A,
Eghtesady P,
Sweet SC,
Sessions Cole F,
Wambach JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2022 May;57(5):1325-1330.
Epub 2022 Mar 17
doi: 10.1002/ppul.25862.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35170262" target="_blank">35170262</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9148430" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27516224">Lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kröner C,
Wittmann T,
Reu S,
Teusch V,
Klemme M,
Rauch D,
Hengst M,
Kappler M,
Cobanoglu N,
Sismanlar T,
Aslan AT,
Campo I,
Proesmans M,
Schaible T,
Terheggen-Lagro S,
Regamey N,
Eber E,
Seidenberg J,
Schwerk N,
Aslanidis C,
Lohse P,
Brasch F,
Zarbock R,
Griese M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorax</span>
2017 Mar;72(3):213-220.
Epub 2016 Aug 11
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208649.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27516224" target="_blank">27516224</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26375475">Surfactant proteins in pediatric interstitial lung disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Griese M,
Lorenz E,
Hengst M,
Schams A,
Wesselak T,
Rauch D,
Wittmann T,
Kirchberger V,
Escribano A,
Schaible T,
Baden W,
Schulze J,
Krude H,
Aslanidis C,
Schwerk N,
Kappler M,
Hartl D,
Lohse P,
Zarbock R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Res</span>
2016 Jan;79(1-1):34-41.
Epub 2015 Sep 16
doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.173.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26375475" target="_blank">26375475</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24871971">Genotype-phenotype correlations for infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wambach JA,
Casey AM,
Fishman MP,
Wegner DJ,
Wert SE,
Cole FS,
Hamvas A,
Nogee LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2014 Jun 15;189(12):1538-43.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0342OC.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24871971" target="_blank">24871971</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4226019" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970456%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (20)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970456%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F12" target="_blank">Microsatellite instability testing (MSI) (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970456%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970456%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (29)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970456%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (6)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1970456%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (32)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=610921" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=440402" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20abca3%20deficiency)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=601615" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=21[geneid]" target="_blank">View ABCA3 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/226442970" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=610921" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Surfactant+metabolism+dysfunction%2C+pulmonary%2C+3/9366" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/surfactant_metabolism_dysfunction_pulmonary_3" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/17745/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Interstitial%20lung%20disease%20due%20to%20ABCA3%20deficiency%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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