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</div>
|
||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F23332760%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F23332760%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 23332760 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 23332760"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="ae2dc28b16eee7125b9decb3c8c47c3a9c5153426e5b6451e3e4db0eb92d9500"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="23332760">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092-8674(12)01440-7"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=23332760&db=pubmed&nlmid=0413066"
|
||
title="See full text options at Elsevier Science"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Elsevier Science"
|
||
data-ga-label="23332760"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-celloa.png" alt="Elsevier Science full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Elsevier Science
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/23332760/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=23332760&db=pubmed&nlmid=0413066"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="23332760"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/23332760/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/23332760/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="23332760" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F23332760%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Q5LnP7K6WkQLBe3IxTjM1T9u7BwplwFh7SvssXdswVDfvF9yacWOv1F8FFeBe7dB"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
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Derepression of a neuronal inhibitor due to miRNA dysregulation in a schizophrenia-related microdeletion
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Derepression of a neuronal inhibitor due to miRNA dysregulation in a schizophrenia-related microdeletion
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22q11.2 microdeletions result in specific cognitive deficits and schizophrenia. Analysis of Df(16)A(+/-) mice, which model this microdeletion, revealed abnormalities in the formation of neuronal dendrites and spines, as well as altered brain microRNAs. Here, we show a drastic reduction of miR-185, which resides within the 22q11.2 locus, to levels more than expected by a hemizygous deletion, and we demonstrate that this reduction alters dendritic and spine development. miR-185 represses, through an evolutionarily conserved target site, a previously unknown inhibitor of these processes that resides in the Golgi apparatus and shows higher prenatal brain expression. Sustained derepression of this inhibitor after birth represents the most robust transcriptional disturbance in the brains of Df(16)A(+/-) mice and results in structural alterations in the hippocampus. Reduction of miR-185 also has milder age- and region-specific effects on the expression of some Golgi-related genes. Our findings illuminate the contribution of microRNAs in psychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunction.
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<p> Figure 1. Drastic reduction of <i> mir-185 </i> expression… </p>
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<p> Figure 1. Drastic reduction of <i> mir-185 </i> expression in <i> Df(16)A <sup> +/− </sup> </i> mice </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Schematic diagram showing the… </p></div>
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Figure 1. Drastic reduction of <i>mir-185</i> expression in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Schematic diagram showing the 1.5-Mb 22q11.2 critical region and the syntenic mouse locus. The 1.5-Mb deletion is mediated by low copy repeat sequences LCR-A and LCR-B (illustrated as black boxes). <i>Dgcr8</i> and <i>miR-185</i> (hosted in the intron of the <i>22orf25</i> gene in human and the <i>D16H22S680E</i> gene in mouse) are highlighted in red. (B) Expression of <i>miR-185</i> mRNA in HPC and cortex as shown by <i>in situ</i> hybridization in coronal brain sections using an antisense miR-185 probe. An antisense U6 probe and a scramble probe were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Images were taken at either 4X (left panels) or 10X (right panels) magnification. (C–E) <i>miR-185</i> expression levels in HPC (C) or PFC (D) of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> (<i>n</i> = 7 for mutant, <i>n</i> = 9 for Wt) and in HPC (E) of <i>Dgcr8<sup>+/−</sup></i> (<i>n</i> = 10 for mutant and Wt), as assayed by qRT-PCR. Expression levels in mutant mice were normalized to their respective Wt littermates. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001 (Student’s <i>t</i>- test). See also Figure S1.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 2. <i> 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) </i> is robustly upregulated… </p>
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<p> Figure 2. <i> 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) </i> is robustly upregulated in the brain of <i> Df(16)A <sup> +/− </sup> </i> mice </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Changes… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 2. <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> is robustly upregulated in the brain of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Changes in gene expression in the PFC (upper panel) or HPC (lower panel) of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> and Wt littermate control mice at E16, P6 and adulthood (<i>n</i> = 10 each group): Volcano plot of the <i>P</i>-values and the corresponding relative expression of each gene. Light blue dots indicate genes within <i>Df(16)A</i> deficiency; light green dots indicate upregulated miRNA-containing transcripts; red dots indicate probe sets representing <i>Mirta22</i>. (B) Top 10 protein encoding genes that show significant upregulation in the PFC (upper panel) or HPC (lower panel) of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> and Wt littermate mice at E16, P6 and adulthood. <i>Mirta22</i> is highlighted in red. (C, D) Temporal expression of <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> in the PFC (C) and HPC (D) of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> and Wt littermate mice as monitored by qRT-PCR. <i>n</i> = 9–10 for each group. (E) Increased expression of endogenous <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> in DIV9 hippocampal neurons isolated from <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> animals as assayed by qRT-PCR (<i>n</i> = 3 each genotype). Expression levels in mutant neurons were normalized to Wt neurons. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001 (Student’s <i>t</i>- test). See also Figure S2, Tables S1 and S2.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 3. miR-185 directly targets and represses… </p>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 3. miR-185 directly targets and represses <i> 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) </i> </p>
|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Structure of the 3′UTR of… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 3. miR-185 directly targets and represses <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i>
|
||
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Structure of the 3′UTR of <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> showing miRNA binding sites predicted by TargetScan or mirDB. Blocks in mouse <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> 3′UTR that are highly conserved in rat and human orthologues are shown below the mouse 3′UTR. Evolutionary conservation is also assessed by the “30-way multiz alignment and conservation analysis” in the USCS browser, with conserved blocks indicated by green peaks. miR-185 and miR-485 binding sites located within the conserved blocks are shown in red. (B, C) qRT-PCR quantification of endogenous <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> in DIV7 hippocampal neurons. Expression levels in anti-miR-185-treated and pre-mir-185-treated neurons were normalized to expression levels under respective controls. (B) Increased expression levels of <i>Mirta22</i> in neurons transfected with anti-miR-185 at DIV5 (<i>n</i> = 5, each treatment). (C) Reduced expression levels of <i>Mirta22</i> in DIV9 hippocampal neurons transfected with pre-mir-185 mimic at DIV7 (<i>n</i> = 3, each treatment). (D, E) qRT-PCR quantification of endogenous 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) in N18 cells. Expression levels in pre-mir-185-treated and anti-miR-185-treated cells were normalized to expression levels under respective controls. (D) Reduced expression levels of <i>Mirta22</i> in cells transfected with pre-mir-185 mimic (<i>n</i> = 3, each treatment). (E) Up-regulation of <i>Mirta22</i> in cells transfected with an anti-miR-185 LNA oligo (<i>n</i> = 3, each treatment). (F–H) Repression effects of pre-mir-185, pre-mir-485 and pre-mir-491 on <i>Mirta22</i> 3′UTR were examined by a dual-luciferase reporter assay (see Methods). Values are <i>Renilla</i> luciferase levels relative to firefly luciferase levels and normalized to the relative expression levels under pre-scramble treatment (F, H) or to the relative expression levels from plasmid with no 3′UTR (G) (<i>n</i> = 3 for each condition). Pre-mir-185 significantly decreases the <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> 3′UTR reporter expression over a concentration range of 10nM to 0.01nM (F). Pre-mir-185 mediated repression on <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> 3′UTR reporter expression depends on conserved miRNA binding sites (G). Pre-mir-485 and pre-mir-491 significantly decreases the <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> 3′UTR reporter expression (H). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001 (Student’s <i>t</i>- test). See also Figure S3 and Table S3.</div>
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<p> Figure 4. Genomic structure, neuronal expression and… </p>
|
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<p> Figure 4. Genomic structure, neuronal expression and subcellular localization of 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) </p>
|
||
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) <i> Top: </i> Structure… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 4. Genomic structure, neuronal expression and subcellular localization of 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)
|
||
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) <i>Top:</i> Structure of mRNA transcripts of <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> and its human orthologue, <i>C19orf63</i>. RefSeq reports a <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> transcript with 7 exons (blue rectangles), which is predicted to encode a signal peptide and a transmembrane domain (red rectangles). The peptide epitope used to generate a polyclonal antibody is marked by green rectangle. For <i>C19orf63</i>, RefSeq reports 2 alternatively spliced transcripts: one that encodes a predicted transmembrane protein and one with an additional exon that encodes a predicted secreted protein. <i>Bottom:</i> Protein sequence alignment of predicted transmembrane isoforms encoded by <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> and its human orthologue. Black blocks indicate completely conserved residues; grey blocks indicate similar residues (defined by Boxshade default similarities); white blocks indicate different residues. (B) <i>Upper:</i> Representative western blot assays of 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) in PFC lysates prepared from <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> animals and Wt littermates. Alpha-tubulin is used as loading control. <i>Lower:</i> Quantification of 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) protein level in PFC of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> and Wt animals (<i>n</i> = 9 each genotype). Expression levels in mutant mice were normalized to Wt littermates. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. **<i>P</i> < 0.01 (Student’s <i>t</i>- test). (C) Quantification of 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) immunocytochemical signals in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> and Wt cultured neurons (<i>n</i> = 31 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 34 for Wt). Expression levels in mutant neurons were normalized to Wt neurons. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05 (Student’s <i>t</i>-test). (D) <i>Upper panel:</i> 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) co-localizes with neuron specific marker NeuN, but not with glia specific marker GFAP, in cultured hippocampal neurons at DIV20. <i>Middle panel:</i> 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) (green) co-localizes with Golgi specific marker GM130 (red) in the soma. 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) is also found in vesicles and tubular-like clusters in the dendrites, which are highlighted by the dendritic marker MAP2 (blue). <i>Lower panel:</i> Distribution of 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) protein in adult mouse brain. Sections were stained with 2310044H10Rik (Mirta22) antibody. Images were taken at 4X, 10X, 20X and 40X magnifications as indicated. Red boxes in 4X, 10X, 20X images outline the area shown in 10X, 20X and 40X images, respectively. See also Figure S4.</div>
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<p> Figure 5. Coordinated mild dysregulation of Golgi-related… </p>
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<p> Figure 5. Coordinated mild dysregulation of Golgi-related putative miR-185 targets in <i> Df(16)A <sup> +/− </sup> </i> mice </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) DAVID… </p></div>
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Figure 5. Coordinated mild dysregulation of Golgi-related putative miR-185 targets in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) DAVID functional annotation clustering analysis (left) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA v2.0) (right) of genes predicted as miR-185 targets by TargetScan Mouse v5.2 identified Gene Ontology (GO) terms “Golgi apparatus” and “Golgi apparatus part” as the top enriched gene sets (see Supplemental Methods). (B) Expression heatmap plot of the potential miR-185 targets that serve Golgi apparatus related functions (GO term) and are differentially expressed (<i>P</i> < 0.005) between adult HPC of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice and Wt littermates. ID is Affymetrix ID (see Table S4); Rank is the ranking position in the list of all differentially expressed genes according to significance level. Note that the majority (89%, 34 out of 38) of the genes are upregulated. See also Figure S5 and Table S4.</div>
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<p> Figure 6. Reduced miR-185 levels contribute to… </p>
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<p> Figure 6. Reduced miR-185 levels contribute to structural alterations of <i> Df(16)A <sup> +/− </sup> </i> neurons </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Representative images… </p></div>
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Figure 6. Reduced miR-185 levels contribute to structural alterations of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Representative images of Wt neurons at DIV9 transfected with anti-miR control or anti-miR-185 oligos and enhanced GFP. (B, C) Reduction in the number of primary dendrites (B) and branch points (C) in Wt neurons at DIV9, 2 days after transfection with anti-miR-185 relative to Wt neurons transfected with anti-miR control (<i>n</i> = 21 for Wt + anti-miR-185; <i>n</i> = 20 for Wt + anti-miR control). In (C), values of Wt + anti-miR-185 were normalized to Wt + anti-miR control. (D) Representative images of spines on Wt neurons at DIV19, transfected with anti-miR control or anti-miR-185, as well as enhanced GFP. (E) Reduction in the density of mushroom spines in neurons transfected with anti-miR-185 relative to neurons transfected with anti-miR control (<i>n</i> = 20 for Wt + anti-miR-185; <i>n</i> = 20 for Wt + anti-miR control). Values of Wt + anti-miR-185 were normalized to Wt + anti-miR control. (F) Transfection of anti-miR-185 oligos significantly decreased the width of mushroom spines compared to that of the neurons transfected with anti-miR control at DIV19 (15%, <i>P</i> < 0.001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) (<i>n</i> = 232 for Wt + anti-miR-185; <i>n</i> = 293 for Wt + anti-miR control). (G) Representative <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV9 transfected with pre-scramble or pre-mir-185 mimic and enhanced GFP for visualization. Scale Bar, 20 μm. (H, I) Reduction in the number of primary dendrites (H) and branch points (I) in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV9 relative to Wt neurons is reversed by the transfection of pre-mir-185, but not pre-scramble mimic (pre-scr) (<i>n</i> = 21 for Wt + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 21 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 21 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i>+ pre-mir-185). In (I), values of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons were normalized to Wt + pre-scr. (J) Representative images of spines on <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV19, transfected with pre-scramble or pre-mir-185 mimic, as well as enhanced GFP. Scale Bar, 5 μm. (K) Reduction in the density of mushroom spines in DIV19 <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons relative to Wt control neurons is reversed by the transfection of pre-mir-185, but not pre-scramble mimic, into <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons. (<i>n</i> = 23 for Wt + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 21 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 23 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-mir-185). Values of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons were normalized to Wt + pre-scr. (L) Transfection of pre-mir-185 mimic, but not pre-scramble control, significantly increased the width of mushroom spines of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV19 (18%, <i>P</i> < 0.001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) (<i>n</i> = 568 for Wt + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 339 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 527 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-mir-185). (B, C, E, H, I, K) Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01 (Student’s <i>t</i>-test). See also Figure S6.</div>
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<p> Figure 7. Reduction of <i> Mirta22 </i> levels reverses… </p>
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<p> Figure 7. Reduction of <i> Mirta22 </i> levels reverses structural alterations in the HPC of <i> Df(16)A <sup> +/−… </sup> </i> </p>
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Figure 7. Reduction of <i>Mirta22</i> levels reverses structural alterations in the HPC of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Reduction in the number of primary dendrites in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV9 relative to Wt neurons is reversed by the transfection of a construct that expresses <i>2310044H10Rik (Mirta22)</i> shRNA<i><sup>+/−</sup></i> (<i>n</i> = 24 for Wt + scr shRNA; <i>n</i> = 21 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + scr shRNA; <i>n</i> = 25 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> +<i>Mirta22</i> shRNA). Scr shRNA: scramble shRNA. (B) Reduction in the density of mushroom spines in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV19 relative to Wt neurons is reversed by the introduction of <i>Mirta22</i> shRNA, but not scramble shRNA (<i>n</i> = 22 for Wt + scr shRNA; <i>n</i> = 24 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + scr shRNA; <i>n</i> = 15 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + <i>Mirta22</i> shRNA). Values of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons were normalized to Wt + scr shRNA. (C) Transfection of <i>Mirta22</i> shRNA does not affect the width of mushroom spines of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons at DIV19 (<i>P</i> > 0.05, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). <i>n</i> = 342 for Wt + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 289 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-scr; <i>n</i> = 177 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> + pre-mir-185. (D) Schematic (not to scale) of the genomic structure of <i>Mirta22</i> depicting the gene-trap insertion in the intron between exons 1 and 2. Red arrowheads indicate approximate genomic location of PCR primers used for qRT-PCR. (E) <i>Mirta22</i> transcript levels in HPC of adult homozygous (<i>n</i> = 3) and heterozygous (<i>n</i> = 3) <i>Mirta22</i> mutant mice as well as their Wt littermates (<i>n</i> = 3), as assayed by qRT-PCR. (F) Representative Western blot assay depicting Mirta22 protein levels in HPC of adult homozygous (<i>n</i> = 3) and heterozygous (<i>n</i> = 3) <i>Mirta22</i> mutant mice as well as their Wt littermates. Levels of α-tubulin are shown as internal loading controls. (G) Representative images from diolistic labeling of basal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons from all four tested genotypes. Brains were dissected from 8-wk old littermate mice. (H, I) Number of primary dendrites (H) and branch points (I) in the basal dendritic tree of CA1 pyramidal neurons from all four tested genotypes (<i>n</i> = 17 for Wt; <i>n</i> = 29 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 23 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 22 for <i>Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i>). In (I), values of <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> and <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i> neurons were normalized to Wt neurons. (J) Sholl analysis of basal dendrite complexity of CA1 pyramidal neurons using 10 μm concentric circles around the soma. <i>n</i> = 17 for Wt; <i>n</i> = 29 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 23 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 22 for <i>Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i>. Note that the reduction in branching in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> CA1 neurons is more prominent at the 50–100 μm range from soma as compared to Wt neurons (black asterisks for Wt versus <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> comparison) and it is reversed in the presence of the <i>Mirta22</i> mutation (blue asterisks for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> versus <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i> comparison). (K) Representative images of spines at the basal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons from all four tested genotypes. Brains were dissected from 8-wk old littermate mice. (L) Density of total spines in the basal dendritic tree of CA1 pyramidal neurons from all four tested genotypes. Note that reduction in spine density in <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i> CA1 neurons is reversed in the compound heterozygous <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice. (<i>n</i> = 14 for Wt; <i>n</i> = 6 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 9 for <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i>; <i>n</i> = 9 for <i>Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i>). (M) Width of mushroom spines (quantified over 60 μm of dendritic length) in the basal dendritic tree of CA1 pyramidal neurons from all four tested genotypes. Note that reduction in width is reversed in the compound heterozygous mice <i>Df(16)A<sup>+/−</sup>;Mirta22<sup>+/−</sup></i> (<i>P</i> < 0.001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001 (Student’s <i>t</i>- test). See also Figure S7.</div>
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+N.I.H.%2C+Extramural"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="pub_type_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"[pt]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"[pt]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="pub_type"
|
||
data-ga-label="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="pub_type_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
MeSH terms
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Amino Acid Sequence"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Amino Acid Sequence
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Amino Acid Sequence"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Amino+Acid+Sequence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Amino+Acid+Sequence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Amino Acid Sequence"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Amino Acid Sequence">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Amino+Acid+Sequence"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Amino Acid Sequence">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Amino Acid Sequence"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Amino Acid Sequence"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Animals"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Animals
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Animals"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Animals"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Animals">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Animals">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Animals"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Animals"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Brain / embryology"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Brain / embryology
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Brain / embryology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Brain%2Fembryology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Brain%2Fembryology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Brain/embryology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Brain / embryology">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Brain"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Brain / embryology">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Brain/embryology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Brain/embryology"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Brain / metabolism*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Brain / metabolism*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Brain / metabolism*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Brain%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Brain%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Brain/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Brain / metabolism*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Brain"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Brain / metabolism*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Brain/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Brain/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Chromosome Deletion"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Chromosome Deletion
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Chromosome Deletion"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Chromosome+Deletion%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Chromosome+Deletion%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Chromosome Deletion"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Chromosome Deletion">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Chromosome+Deletion"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Chromosome Deletion">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Chromosome Deletion"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Chromosome Deletion"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Chromosomes%2C+Human%2C+Pair+22%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Chromosomes%2C+Human%2C+Pair+22%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Chromosomes%2C+Human%2C+Pair+22"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / genetics">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Disease Models, Animal"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Disease Models, Animal
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Disease Models, Animal"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Disease+Models%2C+Animal%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Disease+Models%2C+Animal%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Disease Models, Animal"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Disease Models, Animal">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Disease+Models%2C+Animal"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Disease Models, Animal">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Disease Models, Animal"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Disease Models, Animal"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Embryo%2C+Mammalian%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Embryo%2C+Mammalian%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Embryo%2C+Mammalian"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Golgi Apparatus / metabolism"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Golgi Apparatus / metabolism
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Golgi Apparatus / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Golgi+Apparatus%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Golgi+Apparatus%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Golgi Apparatus/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Golgi Apparatus / metabolism">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Golgi+Apparatus"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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Mice
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MicroRNAs / genetics
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MicroRNAs / metabolism*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Neuronal Plasticity
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Neurons / metabolism
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href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Proteins / chemistry
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Proteins / chemistry"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Proteins%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Proteins / genetics
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Proteins / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Proteins / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-22"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword RNA-Binding Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
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</div>
|
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|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
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|
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<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Dgcr8 protein, mouse"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Dgcr8 protein, mouse
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Dgcr8 protein, mouse"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Dgcr8+protein%2C+mouse%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword EMC10 protein, human"
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EMC10 protein, human
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword EMC10 protein, human"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Emc10 protein, mouse"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Emc10 protein, mouse
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Emc10 protein, mouse"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Emc10+protein%2C+mouse%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Emc10+protein%2C+mouse%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Emc10 protein, mouse"[nm]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Emc10 protein, mouse"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Membrane Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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data-search-term=""Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword MicroRNAs"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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MicroRNAs
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword MicroRNAs"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22MicroRNAs%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22MicroRNAs%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mirn185 microRNA, mouse"
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Mirn185 microRNA, mouse
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-5"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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Search in MeSH
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Grants and funding
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|
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LinkOut - more resources
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|
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</a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Miscellaneous</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
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