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</div><div><span>Gastroparesis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Gastroparesis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Gastroparesis is a condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents. It does not involve a blockage (obstruction).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The exact cause of gastroparesis is unknown. It may be caused by a disruption of nerve signals to the stomach. The condition is a common complication of <a test="test" href="./001214.htm">diabetes</a>. It can also follow some surgeries.</p><p>Risk factors for gastroparesis include:</p><ul><li>Diabetes</li><li><a test="test" href="./002945.htm">Gastrectomy</a> (surgery to remove part of the stomach)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000429.htm">Systemic sclerosis</a></li><li>Use of medicine that blocks certain nerve signals (anticholinergic medicine) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003122.htm">Abdominal distention</a></li><li>Abdominal pain</li><li><a test="test" href="./000386.htm">Hypoglycemia</a> (in people with diabetes)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003117.htm">Nausea</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003127.htm">Premature abdominal fullness after meals</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003107.htm">Weight loss</a> without trying</li><li><a test="test" href="./003117.htm">Vomiting</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Tests you may need include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003888.htm">Esophagogastroduodenoscopy</a> (EGD)</li><li>Gastric emptying study (using isotope labeled food)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003816.htm">Upper GI series</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>People with diabetes should always control their blood sugar level. Better control of blood sugar level may improve symptoms of gastroparesis. Eating small and more frequent meals and soft foods may also help relieve some symptoms.</p><p>Medicines that may help include:</p><ul><li>Cholinergic drugs, which act on acetylcholine nerve receptors</li><li>Erythromycin</li><li>Metoclopramide, a medicine that helps empty the stomach</li><li>Serotonin antagonist drugs, which act on serotonin receptors</li></ul><p>Other treatments may include:</p><ul><li>Botulinum toxin (Botox) injected into the outlet of the stomach (pylorus)</li><li>Electrical stimulation of the stomach</li><li>Surgical procedure that creates an opening between the stomach and small intestine to allow food to move through the digestive tract more easily (gastroenterostomy)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Many treatments seem to provide only temporary benefit.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Ongoing nausea and vomiting may cause:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000982.htm">Dehydration</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./002350.htm">Electrolyte</a> imbalances</li><li>Malnutrition </li></ul><p>People with diabetes may have serious complications from poor blood sugar control.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Changes in your diet may help control symptoms. Contact your health care provider if symptoms continue or if you have new symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Gastroparesis diabeticorum; Delayed gastric emptying; Diabetes - gastroparesis; Diabetic neuropathy - gastroparesis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1090t.jpg" alt="Digestive system" title="Digestive system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1090.htm">Digestive system</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19223t.jpg" alt="Stomach" title="Stomach" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19223.htm">Stomach</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bircher G, Woodrow G. Gastroenterology and nutrition in chronic kidney disease. In: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. <em>Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology.</em> 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 86.</p><p>Camilleri M. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 127.</p><p>Koch KL. Gastric neuromuscular function and neuromuscular disorders. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. </em>11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 50.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/3/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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